Computers and Computing Works lecture №6

6 151 - 141 , , 2016

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: ( , ); ( ).

: , , 320 ;

, () , 120 .

' ' '

' (random) - , . , - O, .

(sequential) , . , , , . , ( ) , , . ' . O (k) , k - .

' ', , . ( ) POST (Power-On Self Test) - BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

ROM (Read Only Memory ), . .

PROM - (Programmable read-only memory, ) - , , ' .' ( ) . , . .

EPROM - Erasable programmable read-only memory,

', () - . , , . EPROM ( ).

EEPROMEEPROM - Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, . ' . .

' ' , RAM Random Access Memory '

'; , ; , (); ' (), , , . - - .

(store) . ' ;

' : ; ; - ; . , ' .

' :' .

' . : (SRAM); ' ; (DRAM); ' ; : (TRAM).. ' (FRAM); (PRAM); ' (MRAM).

DRAM (Dynamic random access memory) ' - ' ; ' ', , . ' Aquarius, -. 1966 IBM DRAM '.

DRAM . ' . ( 1 0). , , . ' , . , . .

DRAM

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) ' DDR-SDRAM - Double Data Rate SDRAM (SDRAM ).

SDRAM:SIMM (Single In-Line Memory Module , FPM EDO.DIMM (Dual In-Line Memory Module) .SODIMM (small outline DIMM) DIMM .RIMM (Rambus In-line Memory Module) RDRAM (SDRAM Rambus).

SRAM static random access memory ' ., ( ). , . SRAM - . , , . : , , , ' , 2 (- ), ' - .

SRAM . SRAM - ' , - ' - . - SRAM . , .: . - '.

T-RAM (Thyristor RAM) - ' , ', DRAM SRAM: . ' , SRAM '.

' . PMC (Programmable Metallization Cell) - ' , ;RRAM (Resistive Random-Access Memory) - ', , , ; ' (Ferroelectric RAM, FeRAM FRAM ) - ', DRAM, . FeRAM - ', , -'.

' (magnetoresistive random-access memory, MRAM) ' , , . ' . ' , ' SRAM; , , ' DRAM; -'. , ', SRAM, DRAM, EEPROM Flash. , .' (Phase-change memory, PCM, PRAM, PCRAM) - '. PRAM , : . , . PRAM - ', ' -'.

(stack, , ) - LIFO.

LIFO (last in first out : ).

1946 .

Last In First Out

LIFOFILO first in, last out , ;

: LCFS last come, first served ,

.

First In, First Out FILO - First-In-Last-Out

: FCFS first come, first served ,

.

LIFO vs FIFO

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