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Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet Lecture 4: The Internet, continued February 28, 2011 Dan Armendariz [email protected] 1
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Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Mar 16, 2022

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Page 1: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Computer Science E-1Understanding Computers and the Internet

Lecture 4: The Internet, continuedFebruary 28, 2011

Dan [email protected]

1

Page 2: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking IP Addresses

Canonical Form (IPv4): #.#.#.#

# is 0-255

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Page 3: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking DNS

Client

IP ofcnn.com

DNS Server

64.236.16.20

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Page 4: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

The Internet Domains

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Domain

harvard.edu

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Domains TLDs from 1995

5

.com.edu.gov.mil.net.org

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Domains TLDs Now

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Generic TLDs .aero .asia .biz .cat .com .coop .edu .gov .info .int .jobs .mil .mobi .museum .name .net .org .pro .tel .travel

Country Code TLDs

.ac .ad .ae .af .ag .ai .al .am .an .ao .aq .ar .as .at .au

.aw .ax .az .ba .bb .bd .be .bf .bg .bh .bi .bj .bm .bn

.bo .br .bs .bt .bv .bw .by .bz .ca .cc .cd .cf .cg .ch

.ci .ck .cl .cm .cn .co .cr .cu .cv .cx .cy .cz .de .dj .dk

.dm .do .dz .ec .ee .eg .er .es .et .eu .fi .fj .fk .fm .fo

.fr .ga .gb .gd .ge .gf .gg .gh .gi .gl .gm .gn .gp .gq .gr

.gs .gt .gu .gw .gy .hk .hm .hn .hr .ht .hu .id .ie .il .im

.in .io .iq .ir .is .it .je .jm .jo .jp .ke .kg .kh .ki .km .kn

.kp .kr .kw .ky .kz .la .lb .lc .li .lk .lr .ls .lt .lu .lv .ly .ma

.mc .md .me .mg .mh .mk .ml .mm .mn .mo .mp .mq

.mr .ms .mt .mu .mv .mw .mx .my .mz .na .nc .ne .nf

.ng .ni .nl .no .np .nr .nu .nz .om .pa .pe .pf .pg .ph

.pk .pl .pm .pn .pr .ps .pt .pw .py .qa .re .ro .rs .ru .rw

.sa .sb .sc .sd .se .sg .sh .si .sj .sk .sl .sm .sn .so .sr

.st .su .sv .sy .sz .tc .td .tf .tg .th .tj .tk .tl .tm .tn .to

.tp .tr .tt .tv .tw .tz .ua .ug .uk .um .us .uy .uz .va .vc

.ve .vg .vi .vn .vu .wf .ws .ye .yt .yu .za .zm .zw

Information from http://www.iana.org/domain-names.htm

Page 7: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Domains Sub-Domains

7

Domain Sub-Domains

harvard.edudce., fas., eecs., post., law., etc

Page 8: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking Services, Servers, Clients

Server

Network

Client

Images from apple.com (© Apple, Inc) and dell.com (© Dell)

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Page 9: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking Peer-to-Peer

Peer

Network

Peer

Images from dell.com (© Dell)

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Page 10: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

The Internet Protocols

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FTP File Transfer ProtocolHTTP HyperText Transfer ProtocolIMAP Internet Message Access ProtocolNTP Network Time ProtocolPOP3 Post Office Protocol Version 3RTSP Real-time Transport Streaming ProtocolSSH Secure ShellSMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Page 11: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking TCP/IP Model

11

Image adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite

5 Application

4 Transport

3 Internet

2 Link

Page 12: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking IP Packets

Internet Header Format

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Destination Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Options | Padding | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Example Internet Datagram Header

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Page 13: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking TCP Packets

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TCP Header Format

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Port | Destination Port | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Sequence Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Acknowledgment Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Data | |U|A|P|R|S|F| | | Offset| Reserved |R|C|S|S|Y|I| Window | | | |G|K|H|T|N|N| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Checksum | Urgent Pointer | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Options | Padding | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

TCP Header Format

Page 14: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking DHCP

Client

I need an IP!

DHCP Server

192.168.0.2

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Page 15: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Network Devices Hub and Switch Review

Hub

A B

DC

Switch

A B

DC

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Page 16: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Network Devices Hub and Switch Collisions

Hub

A B

DC

Switch

A B

DC

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Network Devices Wireless access point

A B

DC

AP

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Page 18: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Network Devices Router

A B

DC

RouterInternet

(other routers)

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Page 19: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Network Devices Adding IP addressing

192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3

192.168.0.5192.168.0.4

RouterInternet

(other routers)

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Page 20: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Internet

Networking NAT

Client

Server

Router

24.28.4.43 64.236.16.20

192.168.0.1192.168.0.2

Network

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Page 21: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Internet

Networking VPN

Client

192.168.0.2 Network

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192.168.0.3 192.168.0.4

Page 22: Computer Science E-1 Understanding Computers and the Internet

Networking Firewall

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Network Devices Home Routers

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The Internet ISPs

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Computer Science E-1Understanding Computers and the Internet

Lecture 4: The Internet, continuedFebruary 28, 2011

Dan [email protected]

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