1 9 9 th th Grade Computer Grade Computer Science Rotation Science Rotation Hardware Hardware
11
99thth Grade Computer Grade ComputerScience RotationScience Rotation
HardwareHardware
22
Binary Representation - Bits/BytesBinary Representation - Bits/Bytes Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU) Input/Output DevicesInput/Output Devices Primary MemoryPrimary Memory Secondary MemorySecondary Memory Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory Baud Rate – Bits per SecondBaud Rate – Bits per Second MotherboardMotherboard
Hardware TermsHardware Terms
33
Hardware: MotherboardHardware: Motherboard
BIOSROM Chip
Battery
RAMSlots
CPUConnector
AGPSlot
Auxiliary CardConnectors
44
A starts in the following order:A starts in the following order:
1.1. Power On Self Test (POST)Power On Self Test (POST)
2.2. Load BIOSLoad BIOS
3.3. Load O/SLoad O/S
4.4. Load ApplicationsLoad Applications
Computer Boot ProcessComputer Boot Process
55
HardwareHardware
A computer consists of five major A computer consists of five major subsystems:subsystems:
1.1. Central processing unitCentral processing unit
2.2. Primary memory - RAMPrimary memory - RAM
3.3. User interface - Input/Output devicesUser interface - Input/Output devices
4.4. Storage devicesStorage devices
5.5. Network connectionNetwork connection
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
66
Computer Hardware - SubsystemsComputer Hardware - Subsystems
pf
SPEAKERSSPEAKERS
Microphone
Monitor
Keyboard
CPU
RAM
NETWORK
drivers
drivers
StorageDevices
User Interface
88
Computer Hardware – CPU/MemoryComputer Hardware – CPU/Memory
SPAsoft - CPU Simulator.url
99
Computer Hardware – CPU/MemoryComputer Hardware – CPU/Memory
Operating SystemOperating System Microsoft WordMicrosoft Word Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer Microsoft OutlookMicrosoft Outlook
DISK
CPU
RAM
1010
Computer Hardware – Memory/Virtual MemoryComputer Hardware – Memory/Virtual Memory
O/SO/S WordWord ExplorerExplorer OutlookOutlook
Operating System
Internet Explorer
MS Word
CPU
RAM
Internet Explorer
DISK
Outlook
Swapping
1111
Computer Hardware - DisplayComputer Hardware - Display
BitmapBitmap ““PixelsPixels” - Monitor divided into grid of Picture Elements ” - Monitor divided into grid of Picture Elements Image created by displaying a color in each pixel.Image created by displaying a color in each pixel. Refresh RateRefresh Rate – Number of times the screen redraws – Number of times the screen redraws
in one second.in one second. ResolutionResolution = Total number of screen pixels = Total number of screen pixels
• 1024 x 7681024 x 768 is common for most screens is common for most screens
1024 px
768 px
786,432 px
1212
Computer Hardware - ResolutionComputer Hardware - Resolution
Width Height Total px
2288 1712 3,917,056
2288 1520 3,477,760
2048 1536 3,145,728
1600 1200 1,920,000
1313
Computer Hardware - DisplayComputer Hardware - Display
If the computer redraws every pixel on a monitor If the computer redraws every pixel on a monitor ( 1024 columns and 768 rows of pixels) 30 times a ( 1024 columns and 768 rows of pixels) 30 times a second, how many pixels get redrawn every second, how many pixels get redrawn every minute?minute?
a)a) 23,592,96023,592,960
b)b) 1024 x 768 x 301024 x 768 x 30
c)c) 1024 x 768 x 601024 x 768 x 60
d)d) More than one of the aboveMore than one of the above
Answer: 1024 x 768 x 30 x 60 = Answer: 1024 x 768 x 30 x 60 = 1,415,577,600
1414
Computer Hardware - DisplayComputer Hardware - Display
ColorColor Created by combining different amounts of primary Created by combining different amounts of primary
colors Red, Green and Blue (RGB)colors Red, Green and Blue (RGB) Color Depth = Number of bits used to represent the Color Depth = Number of bits used to represent the
color of a single pixel. So…color of a single pixel. So…
• R = 8 bits G = 8 bits B = 8 bitsR = 8 bits G = 8 bits B = 8 bits• 11111111 11111111 1111111111111111 11111111 11111111
• 256 x 256 x 256 = 256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,216 possible colors16,777,216 possible colors
Color Wheel
1515
Computer Hardware – Modem SpeedComputer Hardware – Modem Speed
1616
Computer Hardware – Modem SpeedComputer Hardware – Modem SpeedBandwidth vs. Download Time
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
1978
1984
1988
1990
1993
1995
1997
1998
1999
2005
Year
Bits per Second
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
10000.00
100000.00D
ow
nlo
ad T
ime (S
econ
ds)Speed
Black Eyed Peas (download time)
1717
Computer Hardware – DiskComputer Hardware – Disk
FormatFormat – Prepare disk to store data– Prepare disk to store data
TRACK
SECTOR
BAD SECTOR
1818
Computer Hardware – DiskComputer Hardware – Disk
1919
Computer BuildComputer Build
FrontFrontPower Supply
Hard Disk
CD-ROM
Auxiliary cards
TopTop
CPU
Motherboard
Hard Drive
Data Connector
Power Connector
Heat Sink(Cooling)
RAM
2323
Brain vs. ComputerBrain vs. Computer