Compounds Compounds Student Learning Objectives: Student Learning Objectives: • define what a compound is define what a compound is • compare elements and compounds compare elements and compounds • describe how compounds differ describe how compounds differ from the elements they are made from the elements they are made from from 1
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Compounds Student Learning Objectives: define what a compound is define what a compound is compare elements and compounds compare elements and compounds.
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CompoundsCompoundsStudent Learning Objectives: Student Learning Objectives: •define what a compound isdefine what a compound is•compare elements and compoundscompare elements and compounds•describe how compounds differ from the describe how compounds differ from the elements they are made fromelements they are made from
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Matter Concept Map
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions 22
What do these have in What do these have in common?common?
ElementElement CompoundCompound
What is different about them?What is different about them?Discuss with your partner.Discuss with your partner.
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Pure SubstancePure Substance
Substance in which there is only Substance in which there is only oneone type of particle type of particle
Particles are the same as other Particles are the same as other particles in that substance. particles in that substance.
Element particle Element particle atom atom Compound particle Compound particle molecules molecules Water is a compound because it is Water is a compound because it is
made of molecules that are all the made of molecules that are all the same.same.
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ElementsElements Pure substance that Pure substance that cannotcannot be broken down into be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical or physical simpler substances by chemical or physical means.means.
Composed of the same atoms.Composed of the same atoms. Represented by a chemical symbolRepresented by a chemical symbol
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CompoundsCompounds
Two or more elements that are chemically Two or more elements that are chemically combined and combined and cancan be broken down be broken down
Pure substances, made of Pure substances, made of moleculesmolecules Represented by a Represented by a chemical formulachemical formula: :
water = Hwater = H22OO
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Compounds have a Compounds have a Specific Ratio of ElementsSpecific Ratio of Elements
The molecules have same number of atoms of The molecules have same number of atoms of each element that makes up the formula. each element that makes up the formula.
The subscript tells the number of atoms of each The subscript tells the number of atoms of each element in the molecule element in the molecule
Examples:Examples: Water: HWater: H22O = 2 H atoms and 1 O atom O = 2 H atoms and 1 O atom Peroxide: HPeroxide: H22OO22 = 2 H atoms and 2 O atoms = 2 H atoms and 2 O atoms Carbon dioxide: COCarbon dioxide: CO22 = 1 C atoms and 2 O atoms = 1 C atoms and 2 O atoms Carbon monoxide: CO = 1 C atom and 1 O atomCarbon monoxide: CO = 1 C atom and 1 O atom
Different ratio of the same elements makes a Different ratio of the same elements makes a different compounddifferent compound 77
Compounds have Compounds have Unique PropertiesUnique Properties
Compounds and their elements have Compounds and their elements have different propertiesdifferent properties
Compounds can be identified by their propertiesCompounds can be identified by their properties Salt is a white crystalline solid with a high mpSalt is a white crystalline solid with a high mp
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DiscussDiscuss
2H2H22 + 0 + 022 2H 2H22OO
Discuss with your partner the properties of hydrogen Discuss with your partner the properties of hydrogen and oxygen and how they compare to the properties of and oxygen and how they compare to the properties of waterwater
Hydrogen: clear, colorless, odorless, explosive gasHydrogen: clear, colorless, odorless, explosive gas Oxygen: clear, colorless, odorless gas that Oxygen: clear, colorless, odorless gas that
supports burningsupports burning Water: clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is used Water: clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is used
to put out fires.to put out fires.
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Compounds Compounds CAN CAN Be Broken DownBe Broken Down
Compounds Compounds cancan be broken down by be broken down by chemical changechemical change such as such as
• Chemical reactionChemical reaction• HeatingHeating• ElectrolysisElectrolysis
Compounds Compounds cannotcannot be broken down by be broken down by physical changephysical change such as such as
• crushing or boiling. crushing or boiling.
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DiscussDiscuss
Discuss with your partner what happens Discuss with your partner what happens when you boil water? Is boiling a physical when you boil water? Is boiling a physical or chemical change?or chemical change?
When water is boiled, it changes to water When water is boiled, it changes to water vapor (same substance, Hvapor (same substance, H22O) so boiling is O) so boiling is
a physical change.a physical change.
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Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds Metal + nonmetalMetal + nonmetal Electrons are transferred from metal to Electrons are transferred from metal to
nonmetal forming + and - ionsnonmetal forming + and - ions Opposite charges attractOpposite charges attract Formula: + ion comes firstFormula: + ion comes first Properties of ionic compounds: Hard, Properties of ionic compounds: Hard,
brittle, high MP & BPbrittle, high MP & BP
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DiscussDiscuss
Discuss examples of ionic compounds Discuss examples of ionic compounds with your partner.with your partner.
Examples: Examples: NaNa++ClCl- - or NaCl Sodium Chloride or NaCl Sodium Chloride MgMg+2+2OO-2 -2 or MgO Magnesium Oxideor MgO Magnesium Oxide LiLi22+1+1SS-2 -2 or Lior Li22S Lithium SulfideS Lithium Sulfide
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Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds
Nonmetal + nonmetalNonmetal + nonmetal NO ions formed NO ions formed Electrons are Electrons are sharedshared Soft, Low MP and BPSoft, Low MP and BP Discuss examples with your partnerDiscuss examples with your partner
COCO22 Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide
HH22O Water (Dihydrogen monoxide)O Water (Dihydrogen monoxide)