Composite Material Technology

7/23/2019 Composite Material Technology

1/26

COMPOSITE MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY

(Polyblends alloys, molecularly ordered l!ud crys"als and #olyacrylene sul$d

&')RISHNA)*MA

MTECH( P+M


2/26

POLYBLENDS ALLOYS

DEFINITION:

Mn- "o-e".er o$ "/o or more d$$eren" #olymers or co#olymers

as #olyblendn-

T.s #rocess s some/.a" smlar "o com#oundn-

Cons""uen" #olymers are usually #resen" n s-n$can" /e-." or

#ro#or"ons /". res#ec" "o eac. o".er ,bu" seldom all n e!ual #ro#

I" s o$"en 1e/ed as smlar ".ou-. no" e!ual "o alloyn- ,snce n

.omo-eneous


3/26

PROPERTIES O2 POLY &LENS

I" de#ends on $ollo/n- #.ases 3

e"end o$ #.ase se#ara"on

Na"ure o$ ".e #.ase #ro1ded by ".e ma"r ma"eral

C.arac"er o$ ds#ersed #.ase

In"erac"on be"/een ".e com#onen" #olymers


4/26

TYPES OF POLYBLENDS

THERE ARE GENERALLY 5 TYPES:

4MECHANICAL POLY&LEN+S

5CHEMICAL POLY&LEN+S

6MECHNO7CHEMICALPOLY&LEN+S

8SOL*TION CAST POLY&LEN+S

9LATE: POLY&LEN+S


5/26

MECHANICAL POLY &LEN+ING I" s made by mel" blendn- o$ cons""uen" #olymers

Incase o$ amor#.ous #olymer , ".e #rocessn- "em#era"ure s.ould be abo1e -la

"rans"on "em# /.le sem crys"allne #olymers abo1e ".er mel"n- #on"

&ecause o$ .-. .ea" n#u" necessary "o man"an a lo/ mel" 1scos"y

H-. s.earn- ra"e s need $or ".orou-. blendn-

Mel" mn- s used $or ".e sys"em n /.c. ".ermal de-rada"on occur


6/26

SOL*TION CAST POLY&LEN+

Here selec"ed dluen"s are used "o dssol1e ".e com#onen" #olymers

+luen"s lo/ers ".e "em#era"ure and s.ear $orce needed ma0e "s

ad1an"a-e

&u" remo1al o$ dluen"s a$"er solu"on blendn- ul"ma"ely "o uncer"an

#.ase mor#.olo-y, ".us leads "o /ea0en ".e blend and #er$ormance

relabl"y


7/26

CHEMICAL AN+ MECHANO7 CHEMICAL

POLY&LEN+S

T.e "/o #olymer n"erln0ed by c.emcal bondn- and mec.ancal

blends are used m#ro1ed mec.ancal s"ren-". , ".ermal s"abl"y,

c.emcal ress"ance, durabl"y

T.e resul" #olyblend may o$"en a##ear as an n"er#ene"ra"n-

#olymer ne"/or0 (IPN%


8/26

ELASTOMER7ELASTOMER &LEN+S

Suc. blends are made /.en sn-le elas"omer $als "o o$$er ".e desred balance

Na"ural rubber s selec"1ely blended /". syn".e"c rubber "o m#ro1e ran-e o$ #r

T.e -eneral #ro#er"es are "ac0, reslence ,Tear s"ren-". ,.ea"7buld7u# and some "

$a"-ue

;ear, crac0n- ress"ance, bounce and cos" e$$ec"1eness

Some "mes syn".e"c rubbers ".em sel$ blended N"rle rubber (N&R% may be blended /". S&R, EP+M , #olyc.loro#rene and

#olysul#.de rubbers

T.e man ad1an"a-e o$ don- ".s s cos" $ac"or, o


9/26

PLASTOMER =PLASTOMER &LEN+S Commercal #olyblends nclude combna"on o$ #oly( me".yl me".a acryla"e%,#olys"yrene,

#olycarbona"es, nylons, #oly7e".ylene(PE%,#oly#ro#ylene (PP% , #oly amde , #olyure".anes ,

onomers , e"c

E:AMPLE ,P'C s an n.eren"ly $lame re"ardan" , rela"1ely lo/ cos" ".ermo#las"c resn ".ermally

uns"able and rela"1ely br""le o".er .and A&S #las"cs, are rela"1ely ".ermally s"able , /.en ".ey

are med ".ey muc. m#ro1ed .ea" s"abl"y , ecellen" m#ac" ress"ance and $lame re"ardance

A&S7P'C #olyblend used n #o/er "ool .andle s, com#u"er de1ces , 0"c.en , elec"ronc -ad-e"s

,elec"rcal "ermnals communca"on relays smlarly #olyblens o$ abs and #oly carbona"e combne

-1e .-. m#ac" s"ren-"., ".ermal ress"ance -ood #rocessn- c.arac"ers"cs and cos ad1an"a-e


10/26

ELASTOMER7PLASTOMER &LEN+S

Generally 0no/n as ".ermo#las"c elas"omers

Polyol$n ".ermo#las"cs , 1


11/26

POLYMER LI>*I+ CRYSTALS (PLCS%

Polymer l!ud crys"als (PLCs% are a class o$ ma"erals ".a"

combne ".e #ro#er"es o$ #olymers /". ".ose o$ l!ud crys"als

In order $or normally $leble #olymers "o ds#lay l!ud crys"al

c.arac"ers"cs, rod7l0e or ds07l0e elemen"s (called mesogens%

mus" be ncor#ora"ed n"o ".er c.ans

Man7c.an #olymer l!ud crys"als or MC7PLCs are $ormed/.en ".e meso-ens are ".emsel1es #ar" o$ ".e man c.an o$ a

#olymer

Con1ersely, sde c.an #olymer l!ud crys"als or SC7PLCs are

$ormed /.en ".e meso-ens are connec"ed as sde c.ans "o ".e

#olymer by a $leble ?brd-e? (called ".e s#acer%


12/26

LI>*I+ CRYSTAL TYPES

L!ud crys"alln"y n #olymers may occur e".er by

dssol1n- a #olymer n a sol1en" ( lyo"ro#c l!ud7

crys"al #olymers% or by .ea"n- a #olymer abo1e "s

-lass or mel"n- "rans"on #on" (".ermo"ro#c l!ud7

crys"al #olymers% L!ud7crys"al #olymers are #resen"

n mel"ed@l!ud or sold $orm In sold $orm ".e man

eam#le o$ lyo"ro#c LCPs s ".e commercal aramd0no/n as )e1lar

C.emcal s"ruc"ure o$ ".s aramd conss"s o$ lnearly

subs""u"ed aroma"c rn-s ln0ed by amde -rou#s In a

smlar /ay, se1eral seres o$ ".ermo"ro#c LCPs .a1e

been commercally #roduced by se1eral com#anes

(e-, 1ec"ron@Tcona%


13/26

APPLICATION O2 LI>*I+ CRYSTAL POLYMER

High-Strength Fibers

An a##lca"on o$ #olymer l!ud crys"als ".a" .as been success$ully de1elo#ed $or ndus"ry s ".e area o$ .-. s"re

/.c. s used "o ma0e suc. ".n-s as .elme"s and bulle"7#roo$ 1es"s, s us" one eam#le o$ ".e use o$ #olym

a##lca"ons calln- $or s"ron-, l-." /e-." ma"erals

Optical Applications

T.e use o$ #olymer l!ud crys"als n ".e ds#lay ndus"ry s an ec"n- area o$ researc.

Other uses

LCPs are use$ul $or elec"rcal and mec.ancal #ar"s, $ood con"aners, and any o".er a##lca"ons re!urn- c.emca

s"ren-".

LCP s #ar"cularly a""rac"1e $or mcro/a1e $re!uency elec"roncs due "o lo/ rela"1e delec"rc cons"an"s, lo/ ds

commercal a1alabl"y o$ lamna"es

Pac0a-n- mcroelec"romec.ancal sys"em (MEMS% s ano".er area ".a" LCP .as recen"ly -aned more a""en"on

*sed n coo0 /are, mcro/a1e o1en, mcro/a1e o1en #ar"s, crcu" boards, coln- #ar"s, nsula"on n sm

semconduc"or .andln- de1ces, #ar"s o$ elec"rc mo"ors and s"a"ors ,soc0e", connec"or, c.# carrers


14/26

TRA+E NAMES

LCP s sold by manu$ac"urers under a 1are"y

o$ "rade names T.ese nclude3

)e1lar

'ec"ron

Ben"e 9489L s a l!ud crys"al #olymer /".

89 -lass $ber $ller, or-nally de1elo#ed

by +u#on", /.c. s used $or nec"on

molded #ar"s /". n"rca"e $ea"ures Ty#cal

uses nclude elec"ronc #ac0a-n-, .ousn-

e"c


15/26

Molecularly ordered l!ud crys"al

T.ese are ac"ually #olymers ".a" means, n ".e l!ud s"a"e ".ese #olymers s.o/ crys"allne or

l!ud s"a"e means n solu"on or n mel" cond"on ".ere s.o/s anso"ro#c be.a1or So, ".s

anso"ro#c be.a1or n l!ud #.ase s 0no/n as l!ud crys"allne #.ase

So, ".s l!ud crys"allne #.ase ".a" occurs due "o r-d rod l0e con$-ura"on s"ruc"ures o$ ".e

molecules /.en suc. un"s are #resen" n ".a" #olymer, ".ose un"s are 0no/n as meso-ens I$

".ose meso-ens are #resen" ".en ".a" -1es lon- ran-e order n ".e l!ud #.ase

So, n a #olymer so ".s 0nd o$ b#.enol, ".s 0nd o$ b#.enol $ ".a" s reac"ed /". say

.ydroyben


16/26

POLYACRYLENE S*LPHI+E

acrylene proi!es a cost-e""ectie an! ersatile alternatie to glass an! other hea

$t easily %ithstan!s the heat "ro& sunlight' col! %eather' an! !ra&atic te&pera

&a(ing it a reliable per"or&er in applications re)uiring out!oor e*posure

An arylene or arene!iyl is a substituent o" an organic co&poun! organic that is

an aro&atic hy!rocarbon aro&atic +arene, that has ha! a hy!rogen ato& re&oring carbon ato&s' such as phenylene

Any bialent ra!ical pro!uce! by re&oal o" t%o hy!rogen hy!roato&s "ro&

ring o" an aro&atic co&poun!

The &ost co&&only (no%n polyacrylene sulphi!e is polyphenylene sul"i!e'


17/26

P.OPE.T$ES OF +PAS,

Ecellen" l-." "ransmsson

'r"ually ds"or"on7$ree

Im#ac" and s.a""er ress"an"

;ea".er ress"an" /". -ood *' s"abl"y

Good r-d"y and .ardness

Conss"en" "ensle s"ren-". a" "em#era"ures u# "o 4DF2 (4FC% con"nuous ser1

+mensonally s"able

Good nsula"on #ro#er"es

Good ".ermal s"abl"y


18/26

PPS(POLYPHENYLENE S*L2I+E%

I" s usually a1alable un$lled, -lass $bre ren$orced (67 8%, and /". -lass $bre

ren$orcemen" "o-e".er /". mneral $lln- u# "o D9

A manu$ac"ured $ber n /.c. ".e $ber7$ormn- subs"ances a lon- c.an syn".e"c#olysul$de

n /.c. a" leas" 9 o$ ".e sul$de(S% ln0a-es are a""ac.ed drec"ly "o "/o aroma"crn-s

Polyphenylene sul"i!e(PPS% s an or-anc#olymerconss"n- o$aroma"c rn-s ln0ed /".

sul$des

Poly#.enylene sul$de s an en-neern- #las"c, commonly used "oday as a

.-.7#er$ormance ".ermo#las"c

PPS, Polyphenylene Sul"i!es a sem 7 crys"allne, .-.7#er$ormance en-neern-

#las"c /". e"remely .-. mec.ancal (cree# ress"ance, s"$$ness and s"ren-".% .-.

"em#era"ure #ro#er"es and c.emcal ress"ance ".a" o$"en ma0e PPS ".e #re$erred

al"erna"1e o$ me"als or ".ermose"s
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Chemical_substancehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Chemical_synthesishttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sulfidehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Aromatichttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Polymerhttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Aromatichttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Thioetherhttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Engineering_plastichttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/High_performance_plasticshttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/High_performance_plasticshttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Engineering_plastichttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Thioetherhttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Aromatichttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Polymerhttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Aromatichttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sulfidehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Chemical_synthesishttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Chemical_substance


19/26

TYPES O2 PPS

Poly(arylene ".oe".er 0e"one%s .a1e an ecellen" .ea"

ress"ance,bu" ".ey .a1e #oor .ea" s"abl"y u#on mel"n-(mel"

s"abl"y%

Poly(arylene ".o e".er 0e"one 0e"one %s are no" su"able $or

ndus"ral #roduc"on because #ar"cular #olymer


20/26

PPS +POLYPHENYLENE S/LF$DE

P.OPE.T$ES1

Con"nuous ser1ce "em#era"ure u# "o 58FC

S.or" "erm "em#era"ure ress"ance u# "o 5FC

In.eren"ly $lame re"ardan"

'ery .-. c.emcal ress"ance (nsoluble n all 0no/n sol1en"s belo/ 5FC%

'ery lo/ /a"er absor#"on

'ery .-. cree# ress"ance, e1en a" .-. "em#era"ures

PPS .as no" been $ound "o dssol1e n any sol1en" a" "em#era"ures belo/

abou" 5FC

PPS can be molded, e"ruded or mac.ned "o .-. "olerances


21/26

SYNTHET$2 3ETHOD

Elec"ro#.lc Subs""u"on

2ree Radcal Reac"ons

Nucleo#.lc Subs""u"on (SNAR% Sn-le7Elec"ron Trans$er (SRN4%


22/26

N*CLEOPHILIC S*&STIT*TION (SNAR%

The PPS (polyphenylene sulfde) is ormed by reaction o sodium sulfdewithp-dichlorobenzene:

Nucleophilic substitutions a $undamen"al class o$ reac"ons n /.c. an elec"ron nucleo#.le selec

or a""ac0s ".e #os"1e or #ar"ally #os"1e c.ar-e o$ an a"om or a -rou# o$ a"oms "o re#lace a so7call

".e #os"1e or #ar"ally #os"1e a"om s re$erred "o as an elec"ro#.le
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sodium_sulfidehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/P-dichlorobenzenehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrophilehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrophilehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/P-dichlorobenzenehttp://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sodium_sulfide


23/26

APPL$2AT$ONS

Other co&ponents

2o&pressor co&ponents

Electrical co&ponents+Plugs' 3ultip

'.elays 'S%itches,

Po%er tools co&ponents 'Drill an! p

Pu&p' ale an! co&pressor &anu"a

!eices

3e!ical an! phar&aceutical

Aircra"t an! aerospace

Electronics

Se&icon!uctor

3ining

Automotie parts

Ar n"a0e sys"em #ar"s

2uel sys"em com#onen"s

Ro"ors and rn-s

Man$olds and 1al1es


24/26

A##lca"ons

4hile this charge air pipe "or a 54 !iesel engine

&ight or!inarily be &a!e o" alu&inu& !ue to the

high heat inole!' this one is pro!uce! %ith a

glass-"iber rein"orce! polyphenylene sul"i!e

+PPS, "ro& Ticona because it is +6, lighter an! +7,

less e*pensie to pro!uce than the &etal ersion#

An elec"rc /a"er7crcula"n- #um#

and m#eller are #roduced /". 2or"ron

com#onen"s see "em#era"ures u# "o 48


25/26

.E2Y2L$N8 AND .E2O5E.Y

PPS a##lca"ons are 4 recyclable, e".er mec.ancally or a

$eeds"oc0, and ener-y $rom /as"e can be reco1ered a" ncnera"on

#lan"s

T.e mos" a##ro#ra"e reco1ery o#"ons de#end on numerou

cond"ons T.ese nclude local le-sla"on, #las"cs #ar" des-naccess "o sor"n- $acl"es and re-onal lo-s"cs and recycln

cos"s


26/26

THAN) YO*"#$ %AT&'* S+,S

Composite Material Technology

Documents