Complete IT Report

8/11/2019 Complete IT Report

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t is with an utmost sense of respect and gratitude that acknowledge the

upholding hands of the Almighty! the ena"ling en#ironment sustained "y the

crop of leaders with which the hardware and networking department of $egit

Technologies $imited has "een "lessed! the moral and %nancial support of

my parents! and the platform created "y the uni#ersity for me to ha#e this

great e&perience.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


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'

Dedication

......................................................

..................1

Acknowlede!ent...."

Ta#le o$

content%

...&

C'a(te)

1((((((.............................................

......................*

1.1O#+ecti,e% o$

Siwe%...................................................................................................

..............*

1.2-ele,ance o$

Siwe%...................................................................................................

.............*

1.'Leit Tec'noloie%Li!ited................................................................................................

......

C'a(te)

"..............................................................................................................

......................./

".1 -e(ai)% and

Maintenance............................................................................................

.........../

".1.1 0a)dwa)e

I%%e%......................................................................................................

.........../

".1." So$twa)e

I%%e%......................................................................................................

............2


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)

".1.& T)o#le%'ootin And O(e)atin S3%te!

In%tallation.14

".1.* So$twa)e

In%tallation...............................................................................................

.........1"

"."Netwo)kin.................................1*

".".1 Cla%%i5cation% O$Netwo)k%.1

"."." Netwo)k Media And0a)dwa)e.....1/

".".& Connecti,it3De,ice%.16

".".* Bene5t% O$Netwo)k.."1

Concl%ion and-eco!!endation ..................................................................................""

-eco!!endation .........................................................................................................."&

A((endice%...................................................................................................................."*

C0A7TE- ONE

INT-OD8CTION

This report is written to re*ect the work carried out during the course of my T

+industrial training, with $E-T Technologies $imited. t also e&plains all the acti#ities

done in the company with their respecti#e department. $egit deals mainly with the


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in#estment and management of company software applications! system

maintenance and network connecti#ity.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

I. To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment that is not

made available in institutions of higher learning.

II. To introduce to students the working environment and conditions they are likely to face

after graduation.

III. To provide students with an opportunity to apply theory in real work situations.

1." -ELE9ANCE OF SIWES No dou"t! really gained a lot of e&perience. t was my %rst e&perience in the

Technology %eld %eld1. As already known! theories are "eing taught in school. This was an

opportunity for me to really settle down and learn which made sure that all

my time was dedicated to my duties.2. As a /omputer Engineering student! my industrial work e&perience in $egit

has gi#en me an insight into the range of acti#ities true technology %elds.'. My commitment towards the 0o" ga#e me a "road and sound knowledge of

the practical aspect.

1.3 LEGIT TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED

$E-T Technologies limited was started on 11thune 13.$egit Technology is

focused on niche technology areas in software de#elopment! hardware and

networking as well as consultancy ser#ices to #arious organizations in order to

le#erage on the technical strength on the group of am"itious technical minds they


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ha#e. $egit pro#ides all ser#ices of information Technology! computer software AM/!

internetworking! search engine optimization at competiti#e prices. They ha#e a

client "ase of 15.

The #ision of $E-T is to "e 6"ecome a centre of e&cellence in the %eld of design!

communication and related areas emerging in areas of education! consultancy and

the genera %eld of technology.

O9E-9IEW OF SE-9ICES -ENDE-ED B: LEGIT TEC0NOLOGIES

LIMITED.

To coordinate the technological acti#ities within the organization and ser#e

as 7uality check for the organizational acti#ities. Their key functions include8

9e#eloping! re#iewing! updating! implementing and monitoring T

:lans! policies! processes and standards for the company.

Ensuring the professional skill de#elopment of the T community and

the "uilding of a continuous learning T en#ironment

Ensuring 7uality management and standards of T ;er#ices! products!

initiati#es and support through determination and appropriate

monitoring of ;er#ices and Operational $e#el Agreements "etween

rele#ant parties e.g. #endors! ser#ice pro#iders! internal customers etc.

Managing the procurement process for the T 9epartment.

C0A7TE- TWO

WO-K E;7E-IENCES


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worked under the industrial training +T, department of $E-T. This

department was in#ol#ed ma0orly in the general routine check and maintenance of

computer systems which entailed 0o" description of formatting! repair and

installation of operating system and installation of de#ice dri#ers and software e.g.

printer dri#er and Microsoft ohen talking a"out repairs and maintenance here! is the way we sol#e and

handle system for sta?s in the organization.

".1.1 0A-DWA-E ISS8ES@ardware in computer means the physical de#ices or components that we

can see and touch! these are the ma0or components found in a computer

system8

1. T'e 7owe) 7ack8 This is a stepdown #oltage regulator that is responsi"le

for transferring current to the mother"oard of the computer and other

hardware a#aila"le such as the hard disk and the 9B9COMs dri#es. 9amages

occurring on this are ma0orly due to current *uctuation and in the e#ent of

damage! repair can "e carried out "y replacing the transformers and

capacitors! "ut replacement is ad#ised in most cases. f damaged! current will

fail to get to the mother"oard there"y pre#enting the computer system from

"ooting.


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owing to the fact that it is on "oard. n the e#ent of damage! replacement of the

chip is carried out with the compati"le slot type.

ig 2.'8 An AT display Adapter

*. T'e 0a)d Di%k


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ig 2.8 :entium ) and Athlon '255F :rocessors

The a"o#e "ulleted items are possi"le causes of system failure emanating from

hardware issues

2.1.2 SOFTWA-E ISS8ES

;ystem "oot failure could also result from #arious software issues. These are

discussed "elow8

1. 7'3%ical Me!o)3 D!(


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ig2.48 nterface of the ;ystemCestore ig2.38The dumping physical memory

error

Application Message

&. Contino% -e#ootin= -e%ta)tin


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Kaspersky Internet Security, Norton Internet security, Bit Defender, Avast

etc. . S(3wa)e Attackhen done! assign a user name.

Ceturn the user=s %les #ia the "ackup.

Jse the system informationto get the system mode+in order to aid

search to download rele#ant dri#ers to make other components of the system

work optimally such as the display dri#er! $AN dri#er! sound dri#er! modem

dri#er etc. To ensure accuracy! the device mana$er under computer

mana$ement can "e used to disco#er hardwares that ha#e no dri#er

installed which is usually indicated with a yellow triangle with an e&clamation

mark in it.


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ig 2.158 The 6IO;G +Iasic nput and Output ;ettings, nterface

ig 2.118 The 6Ioot ;e7uenceG Menu

ig 2.128 The >indows H: ;etup page

ig 2.1'8 ormatting in :rogress

".1.* SOFTWA-E INSTALLATION


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had access to the installation and use of some "asic software in the oce "44? Site8 To meet up with the daytoday oinCAC '.4 nterface0! -e,o 8nin%talle)8 Jsed essentially for uninstalling programs or software=s.

ts upper hand o#er the windows uninstaller is its a"ility to scan the system

for lefto#er %les and search the registry for fragments and lefto#ers. t is also

used to kill processes and include and e&clude processes from the auto run

menu.


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ig 2.148 nterface of the CEBO Jninstaller

1! -eco,e) M3 File%8 As the name goes! it is used to retrie#e lost %les. The

spectacular thing a"out it is that it can still retrie#e data from a hard disk

after it is formatted although its ina"ility to reco#er the lost %les with the

original or default name make it a herculean task to identify the retrie#ed

%les.2! Ne)o ?e ma0orly

implored this software to make copies of operating system disc! create image

%les of "oota"le media and "ackup %les on /9s and 9B9s.3! Fla%' Gete ma0orly made use of this

tool in downloading software updates from the internet. Asides this! we also

made use of this software to download de#ice dri#ers and e7uipment dri#ers

such as printer dri#ers! scanner dri#ers etc. t has a ma0or ad#antage of

pausing! resuming! and sa#ing downloads and also downloading torrent %les

"." NETWO-KING

Network is a way of connecting computers so that they can communicate!

e&change information and pull resources. A computer network links two or more

computers with a direct high speed connection. ;ometimes people think of a

network as a single! local ca"ling system that ena"les any de#ices on the network

to communicate directly with any other de#ices on the same network. A network "y

his de%nition howe#er has no connections to other remote networks. An

internetwork consists of multiple independent networks that are connected and can

share remote resources. The de#ices that connect the independent network

together may need a degree of 6intelligenceG "ecause it may need to determine

when packets will stay on the local network or when they will "e forwarded to a

remote network. A computer network! often simply referred to as a network! is a


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collection of computers and de#ices interconnected "y communications channels

that facilitate communications and allows sharing of resources and information

among interconnected de#ices.

/omputer networks can "e used for a #ariety of purposes8

Facilitatin co!!nication%

Jsing a network! people can communicate e


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".".1 CLASSIFICATIONS OF NETWO-KS

9uring the course of my training! learnt a"out the #arious classes of networks.

They include :ersonal Area Network +:AN,! $ocal Area Network +$AN,! /ampus Area

Network +/AN,! Metropolitan Area Network +MAN,! >ide Area Network +>AN,! and

-lo"al AreaNetwork +-AN,. The two most popular classes are the >AN and the

$AN.s

LAN Local A)ea Netwo)k

A local area network connects network de#ices o#er a relati#ely short distance. The

distance is usually "etween 15m L 1km. A networked oAN spans a large physical distance. The distance co#ered

"y a >AN is usually "etween 155km L 1555km.it is a widely known that nternet is

the largest >AN! which spans the Earth.

A >AN is a geographicallydispersed collection of $ANs. The router connects $ANs to

a >AN. Bi#id e&amples are the #arious ways in which most remote networks

connect to their ;:s that is their nternet ;er#ice :ro#iders. n : networking! the

router maintains "oth a $AN address and a >AN address. A >AN di?ers from a $AN

in se#eral important ways. Most >ANs +like the nternet, are not owned "y any one

organization "ut rather e&ist under collecti#e or distri"uted ownership and

management. >ANs uses technologies like ATM! rame Celay and H.2 for

connecti#ity o#er the longer distances.

"."." NETWO-K MEDIA AND 0A-DWA-E

n network communication media refers to the wire! ca"le! and other means

"y which data tra#els from its source to its destination! the most common media

for data communication are


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1D

Twisted pair ca"le

/oa&ial ca"le

i"eroptic ca"le

>ireless links that include8 terrestrial microwa#e! satellite transmission! radio

transmission etc

Ca#le C)i!(lin

This is "asically the act of making $AN ca"les for use on a network for %le and

resource sharing and internet access.

The $AN ca"le has eight color com"inations namely! stripped orange! orange!

stripped green! green! stripped "lue! "lue! stripped "rown! "rown. The #arious

com"inations of these colors gi#e di?erent types of ca"les such as the straight

through ca"le! crosso#er ca"le and rollo#er or console ca"le. They are inserted into

an C) connector.

St)ai't T')o' Ca#leThis is used in connecting dissimilar e7uipments. Ma0orly! they are used

when either connecting a switch to a :/ or connecting a router to a switch or

:/ to :/. The color com"ination or coding of the straight through ca"le is

listed "elow.:in 18 >hiteK orange :in 28 Orange :in '8 >hiteK green :in )8 Ilue :in 8

>hiteK "lue :in 48 -reen :in 38 >hiteK "rown :in D8 IrownThis arrangement carried out on "oth sides of the $AN ca"le gi#es the

straight through arrangement.

ig 2.1D8 >iring /onnection of a straight through arrangement into C) prior

to crimping

C)o%%o,e) Ca#leThis connection type is achie#ed "y maintaining straight through

arrangement on one end and swapping pins 1 and '! and pins 2 and 4 at the

other end. The arrangement is shown "elow.:in 18 Orange :in 28 >hiteK orange :in '8 -reen :in )8 Ilue :in 8 >hiteK "lue

:in 48 >hiteK green :in 38 >hiteK "rown :in D8 IrownThis is used when connecting a router to a router and a switch to a switch.


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ig 2.18 >iring /onnection of a /rosso#er arrangement into C) prior to

crimping

-ollo,e) Ca#les a type of nullmodemca"le that is most commonly used to connect a computer

terminal to a routers consoleport. This ca"le is typically *at +and has a light "lue

color, to help distinguish it from other types of network ca"ling. t gets the name

rollo#er "ecause the pin outs on one end are re#ersed from the other! as if the wire

had "een rolled o#er and you were #iewing it from the other side.

ig 2.258 console ca"le

".".& CONNECTI9IT: DE9ICES

>e need de#ices to connect the end user machines! printers etc. Cepeaters!

@u"s! ;w itches! are commonly used in network s for connecti#ity. Each of these

de#ices has uni7ue functionality.

1. 08BS8 @u" can termed as 6multiport repeaterG or a 6wiring concentratorG! all nodes

connected to a hu" are part of the same collision domainG! when a computer on any

of the port transmits data! this is replicated and sent out to the other ports. @u"s

and repeaters are "asically the same it=s common today in e#ery network. a

hu""ed Ethernet network "eha#es like a shared medium! that is only one de#ice

can successfully transmit at a time and each host remains responsi"le for collision

detectection and retrasmmission Ethernet is family of frame"ased computer

networking technologies for local area networks.

ig 2.218 A 2) :ort 9$ink.

". SWITC08
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null-modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null-modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_console


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The switch is layer 2 network de#ice. t "reaks collision domain this implies that

e#ery port of a switch is a separate collision domain. The protocol data unit for the

datalink layer is the frame. The switch is often regarded as an intelligent hu". t

acts as a hu" when initially introduced to a network "y *ooding frames out of all its

ports when trying to reach "ack an unknown host that is a host whose address

cannot "e found in the MA/ address ta"le of the switch. A switch is "ased on

Application ;peci%c ntegration /ircuit +A;/,. This is the memory of a switch.

The switch is 0ust like a "ridge "ut it is hardware "ased while a "ridge is software

"ased. A switch also operates on a 155m" full duple& unlike a hu" which operates

on half duple&

ig 2.228A /isco 245 )D :orts

&. -O8TE-8 The router is a layer ' network de#ice and it is always located at the "oundary of

e#ery network. t is a widely known that the router connects local Area Network to

>ide Area Network. t is used to send T/:K: packets )rm one network to another.

The packet is the protocol data unit +:9J, of layer '. The operation of a router

includes learning the hosts attached to its ports and using the collated information

to send packets to the #arious destinations of the hosts. The router is widely

regarded as more intelligent than the switch since it "reaks "oth collision and

"roadcast domain. Each port of a router is a separate "roadcast domain. There are

"asically two types of routers. They are the wired and the wireless router. The wired

router connects to the internet #ia a modem while a wireless router is smaller than

a wired router. t also uses an encryption to disallow ea#esdroppers from accessing

the network. The wireless "road"and router also can "e used to setup as %rewalls

and 9@/: ser#ers. The "asic functions include packet %ltering and internetwork

communication.

ig 2.2'8 A /isco 3255 Couter


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A router is a computer! 0ust like any other computer including a :/ The #ery %rst

router! used for the Ad#anced Cesearch :ro0ects Agency Network +A:ACNET,! was

the interface Massage processor +M:,. The M: was a @oneywell '14 minicomputer

this computer "rought the AC:ANET to life on August '5! 14. Couters ha#e many

of the same hardware components that are found in other computers including8

/:J CAM COM Operating ;ystem-O8TE-S A-E AT T0E NETWO-K CENTE-

Couter connect multiple network

t has multiple interfaces that each "elong to a di?erent : network

t is responsi"le for forwarding packets! from networktonetwork $ANs and

o#er >ANsThe router uses its routing ta"le to determine the "est path to forward the

packet. >hen the router recei#es a packet! it e&amines its destination : addressand searches for the "est mach with a network address in the routerG routing

ta"le. The routing ta"le also includes the interface to "e used to forward the

packet. Once a march is found! the router encapsulates the : packet into the

data link frame of the outgoing or e&it interface! and the packet is then

forwarded towards its destination.

$ike a :/! a router also includes8

/entral :rocessing Jnit +/:J,

CandomAccess Memory +CAM,

CeadOnly Memory +COM,The /:J e&ecutes O; instructions! such as system initialization! routing function!

and switching functions.

CAM stores the instructions and data needed to e&ecute "y the /:J.

COM is a form permanent storage.

lash memory is non#olatile computer memory that can "e electrically stored

and erased.

;lot for serial and Ethernet interfaces for network /onnecti#ity.

/onsole port for con%guration of router i.e. OutIand management.

-O8TE-S DETE-MINE T0E BEST 7AT0

:rimary responsi"ility of a router is to direct packet destined for local and

remote networks "y8- 9etermination the "est path to send packets! orwarding packets toward

their destination

;tatic routing and dynamic routing protocols are use "y routers to learn a"out

remote networks and "uild their routing ta"les. -O8TE- C78 MEMO-:


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Couter /omponent their unctions

- /entral :rocessing Jnit +/:J,- CandomAccess Memory +CAM,- /ompact $A;@ Memory- ;lot for serial Ethernet nterfaces- AJH /onsole ports

-ANDOM ACCESS MEMO-:

Cam is used to store these components8- Operating system- Cunning /on%guration ile- : Couting Ta"le- AC: /ache- :acket Iu?er

-OM FLAS0

/isco de#ice use COM to store

- The "ootstrap instructions- Iasic diagnostic software are- ;u"set of O;

lash- Non#olatile computer memory- :ermanent storage for the operating system

N9-AM

Non#olatile CAM

;torage for startup con%guration %les +startupcon%g,.

Cunningcon%g must "e copied to NBCAM +in case of a re"oot or power down,INTE-NETWO-K O7E-ATING S:STEM

Operating system software used in /isco routers

Manage the

- @ardware and software resources of the router +including memory allocation!security! and %le systems,

9i?erent O; depending on

- Couter Model- eatures set +9E;!B:N!NAT

. WI-ELESS ACESS7OINT$AN or two >$AN together.

ig 2.2)8 >ireless Access :oint

/.NETWO-K INTE-FACE CA-D=NETWO-K ADA7TE-


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A printed circuits "oard that pro#ide network communication compati"ility to and

fro computer. >e ha#e wireless and $AN card +C)or C11,.

ig 2.28 Network adapter

".".* BENEFITS OF NETWO-K

1. Allows simultaneous access to critical programs and data.2. Allows people to share peripheral de#ices such as printers! scanners e.t.c'. ;treamlines personal communication through emails.). Makes "ackup process easier.

CONCL8SION AND -ECOMMENDATION

CONCL8SION

must confess that the aim and o"0ecti#es of the ;tudent ndustrial >ork E&perience

;cheme +;>E;, has "een duly achie#ed "y way of acti#e participation! which has

"roadened my knowledge and e&posed me to the world of industry. >hile it lasted! ;>E;

"ridged the gap "etween theory and practical. t has gi#en me a "etter understanding of my

chosen career and truly appreciate it. The rules and regulations of the company were

strictly adhered to during my stay. >hen 0oined $E-T as industrial training attachment! my

0o" roles were ;ystem Analysis and Trou"leshooting! Network support and maintenance!


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applications support and system security. >ork was closely managed which follows speci%c!

outlined! and detailed procedures. >e also periodically recei#ed detailed instructions on

routine work and new pro0ects from the super#isor.

E;7E-IENCE GAINED

learnt how to format a computer system.

had se#eral trou"leshooting sessions on se#eral :/s.

was in#ol#ed in crimpling ca"les! ma0orly straight through ca"les.

got ac7uainted with se#eral hardware and software resources that were made

a#aila"le "y the company such as switches! operating system discs. learnt how to share resources such as printers and user %les o#er the network.

worked on a large num"er of :/s with issues ranging from software to hardware.

learnt a"out #arious types of networks.

installed #arious operating systems on #arious :/s.

learnt how to install switches on the ser#er racks +)2u racks,.

learnt how to make use of so many software applications which included Nero 3!

Ceco#er my %les! >inCAC! Ce#o uninstaller! ado"e acro"at professional and lots

more. e7ually learnt how to share resources o#er a wireless network.

was in#ol#ed in the tracing of network ca"le paths during the ser#icing of some

faulty lines. "ene%ted and learnt a lot from a seminar that was held on health and safety tips

and management. learnt how to make use of the data e&ecution pre#ention to pre#ent damage from

occurring on a :/ emanating from security threats. learnt how to use of physical memory to enhance the performance of systems.

was ac7uainted with the system restore and safe mode en#ironments to undo

harmful changes made to a :/ "efore attaining its critical or crucial state.

-ECOMMENDATIONS

The T should spread their tentacles and go educate se#eral companies! so

as the essence of this attachment would "e incorporated into their system as

most companies don=t know the rele#ance.

9ue to the cosmopolitan nature of $agos! the tra


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A77ENDICESA((endi A

S((o)tin 'a)dwa)e and %o$twa)e $o) !3 t)ainin%indows H: :rofessional Bersion 2552 ;:2

/isco routers

/isco switches

Tool% and %o$twa)eindows H: :rofessional

Qaspersky Anti#irus 9aemon tools

nternet E&plorer 3 with ;:2

Microsoft O


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Appendix B

Training par!i"ipa!ed in d#ring !$e !raining peri%d&

0%eM%0ealt' %a$et3 en,i)on!ent!anae!ent %c'e!e

O#+ecti,e8 ;afety

Ti!eline8 1 day

Sco(e8 >e were taught on safety measures hazards at work and e#erywhere

we %nd oursel#es.

Ka))o Ce)ti5cateCi%co ce)ti5ed netwo)k a%%ociate CCNA

O#+ecti,e8 certi%ed student

Ti!eline8 4 months +weekends,

Sco(e< taught Networking +N F,! con%guration and security.

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