COMPANY PROFILE45CHAPTER 1INDUSTRY PROFILETELE COMMUNICATION:The
history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals
and drums in Africa, the Americas and parts of Asia. In the 1790s,
the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe. The first
commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both
sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven and London.
Alexander Graham Bell held the master patent for the telephone that
was needed for such services in both countries.The key innovators
were Alexander Graham Bell and Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who created
the first telephone company, the Bell Telephone Company in the
United States, which later evolved into American Telephone &
Telegraph (AT&T), at times the world's largest phone
company.HISTORY:-Visual, auditory and ancillary methods
(non-electrical): Prehistoric: Fires, Beacons, Smoke signals,
Communication drums, Horns 4th century BCE: Hydraulic semaphores
5th century BCE: Pigeon post 6th century BCE: Mail 15th century CE:
Maritime flag semaphores 1672: First experimental acoustic
(mechanical) telephone 1790: Semaphore lines (optical telegraphs)
1867: Signal lamps 1877: Acoustic phonographBasic electrical
signals: 1838: Electrical telegraph. See: Telegraph history 1858:
First trans-Atlantic telegraph cable 1876: Telephone. See:
Invention of the telephone, History of the telephone, Timeline of
the telephone 1880: Telephony via light beam photo phonesAdvanced
electrical and electronic signals: 1893: Wireless telegraphy 1896:
Radio. See: History of radio. 1914: First North American
transcontinental telephone calling 1927: Television. See: History
of television 1927: First commercial radio-telephone service,
U.K.U.S. 1930: First experimental videophones 1934: First
commercial radio-telephone service, U.S.Japan 1936: World's first
public videophone network 1946: Limited capacity Mobile Telephone
Service for automobiles 1956: Transatlantic telephone cable 1962:
Commercial telecommunications satellite 1964: Fiber optical
telecommunications 1965: First North American public videophone
network 1969: Computer networking 1973: First modern-era mobile
(cellular) phone 1979: INMARSAT ship-to-shore satellite
communications 1981: First mobile (cellular) phone network 1982:
SMTP email 1983: Internet. See: History of Internet 1998: Mobile
satellite hand-held phones 2003: VoIP Internet Telephony 2008:
Google GlassTOP TELECOM COMPANIES IN WORLD:-This is a list of the
world's largest telecommunications companies measured by total
revenues.RankCompanyTotal Revenue (US$ Billions)Headquarters
1AT&T128.7United States
2Verizon Communications120.6 United States
3Nippon Telegraph & Telephone109.1 Japan
4China Mobile Communications107.6China
5Deutsche Telekom79.8Germany
6Telefnica75.7Spain
7Softbank66.5Japan
8Vodafone Group65.9United Kingdom
9Comcast64.7United States
10China Telecommunications62.0China
11AmricaMvil61.6Mexico
12Orange S.A.55.9France
13China United Network Communications49.3China
14KDDI43.3Japan
15Telecom Italia36.5Italy
16Vivendi35.9France
17DirecTV31.8United States
18BT Group29.1United Kingdom
19Telstra26.3Australia
20VimpelCom Limited23.1Netherlands
21KT Corporation21.8South Korea
22Liberty Global20.0United Kingdom
23CenturyLink18.1United States
24Telenor16.4Norway
25TeliaSonera15.8Sweden
26MTN Group14.93South Africa
27Bharti Airtel14India
28SingTel13.7Singapore
29Oi Telecommunications13.1Brazil
30Mobile TeleSystems12.4Russia
INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY:-Wireless and wire line revenues in
India:-
Composition of telephone subscribers in India:-
Tele density in India:-
Wireless market share in terms of total subscribers in
India:-
Introduction:-Telecom services have been acknowledged globally
as an essential tool for the socio-economic development of a
nation. India is currently the worlds second-largest
telecommunications market and has registered exceptional growth in
the past few years.The Indian mobile economy is growing rapidly and
will contribute approximately US$ 400 billion to Indias gross
domestic product (GDP), according to report prepared by GSMA in
collaboration with BCG.The rapid strides in the telecom sector have
been facilitated by liberal policies of the Government of India
that provide easy market access for telecom equipment and a fair
regulatory framework for offering telecom services at affordable
prices. The deregulation of foreign direct investment (FDI) norms
has made the sector one of the fastest growing and a top five
employment opportunity generator in the country.Market
Size:-Telecommunications is one of the prime support services
needed for rapid growth and modernization of various sectors of the
economy. Driven by strong adoption of data consumption on handheld
devices, the total mobile services market revenue in India will
reach US$ 29.8 billion in 2014 and is expected to touch US$ 37
billion in 2017, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
of 5.2 per cent, according to research firm IDC.According to a
study by GSMA, it has been expected that Smartphone will account
for two out of every three mobile connections globally by 2020 and
India is all set to become the fourth largest Smartphone
market.India is projected to have 213 million mobile internet users
by June 2015, a 23 per cent rise over a six month period, according
to Mobile Internet in India 2014 report.The broadband services
user-base in India is expected to grow to 250 million connections
by 2017, according to the UK-based GSM Association (GSMA).India saw
the fastest growth in new mobile-phone connections with 18 million
net additions in the third quarter of 2014, followed by China with
12 million new additions, according to a report by Swedish mobile
network equipment maker Ericsson.The Indian telecom sector is
expected to create four million direct and indirect jobs over the
next 5 years on the back of the governments efforts to increase
penetration in rural areas along with the growth in the Smartphone
numbers and internet usage, according to estimates by Randstad
India. The telecom sector has been growing aggressive at an average
for 35 per cent a year for close to two decades, said Mr K
Uppaluri, CEO, Randstad India.Investment:-With daily increasing
subscriber base, there have been a lot of investments and
developments in the sector. The industry has attracted FDI worth
US$ 16,994.68 million during the period April 2000 to January 2015,
according to the data released by Department of Industrial Policy
and Promotion (DIPP).Some of the major developments in the recent
past are: Sterlite Technologies Ltd has announced an annual seed
fund of US$ 100,000 to strengthen Indias investments in broadband
technology research, by investing in Indian start-ups, working on
innovative broadband deployment technologies. Maxx Mobilink plans
to start production of mobile handsets at its Haridwar plant,
beginning with assembling devices from April 2015. Maxx will invest
over Rs 6cr (US$ 965,615.81) initially in setting up the R&D
laboratory. Huawei Technologies has won two contracts worth a
combined US$ 120 million from Bharti Airtel and Idea Cellular to
upgrade their wire line networks. Tata Communications has invested
in acquiring capacity in Seabras-1, a submarine cable being
developed between the US and Brazil, seeking to increase services
in the Latin American region. Bharti Airtel and IHS Holding have
signed an agreement under which latter will acquire about 1,100
telecom towers across Zambia and Rwanda. Ericsson has won a
seven-year deal worth more than US$ 1 billion to manage the network
of Reliance Communications across 11 service areas, making the
Swedish telecom gear maker the only service provider to manage the
pan-India network of a mobile phone operator. Government
Initiatives:-The government has fast-tracked reforms in the telecom
sector and plans to clear the proposal allowing spectrum trading
and sharing ahead of the year-end deadline as it wants to lift the
business sentiment for the forthcoming airwave auction. Some of the
other major initiatives taken by the government are as follows: The
Government of Uttar Pradesh (UP) has secured investment deals
valued at Rs 5,000 crore (US$ 804.64 million) for setting up mobile
manufacturing units in the state. The Government of India plans to
roll out free high-speed Wi-Fi in 2,500 cities and towns across the
country over the next three years and the programme, involving an
investment of up to Rs 7,000 crore (US$ 1.12 billion), will be
implemented by state-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL).
Citizens of India are expected to get a minimum of 2 megabits per
second (MBPS) Wi-Fi speed at every government owned service point
such as railways stations, airports, bus stops, hospitals and all
government departments that deal with the public on a daily basis.
The Union Cabinet of India has approved the largest ever telecom
spectrum auction that is targeted to fetch at least Rs 64,840 crore
(US$ 10.43 billion). The government will sell 380.75 megahertz
(MHz) of second generation (2G) spectrum in three bandsthe premium
900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 800 MHz To speed up the national optical
fiber network (NOFN) project, the Department of Telecommunications
(DOT) has advised officials to use public buildings such as post
offices, railway stations and schools. The Government of Kerala has
decided to allow mobile telecom service providers to set up towers
on government land and buildings. This is the first time that a
State Government has opened its own land, buildings and offices to
mobile companies. MICHAEL E PORTER'S FIVE FORCES MODEL:-
Competition in the industry:- Concentration Market Share and
Structure Financial Analysis Past, Present, Future Global Presence
and Marketing Network Future Prospects Overall
AnalysisConcentration Market ShareMore than 15 players in the
market.Airtel, Vodafone, Idea and RCOM itself captures more than
75%Average revenue per user for big players is around Rs. 110 Rs.
120Reliance has lesser ARPU because major of its subscribers are
low end customersConcentration Market Share and StructureTelecom
operatorRevenue Growth Analysis
AIRTELIncreased mobility revenue(9% CAGR) due to increasing
traffic(7.9% CAGR) at stable ARPM; Bhartis revenue will also be
helped by African revenues expected to grow at 30.9% CAGR
RCOMRCOM, which has been struggling with the KPIs and subscriber
quality, is expected to grow at 4.5% CAGR over FY11 to FY14E driven
by a 5.9% CAGR in traffic to 445.4 billion minutes and a stable
ARPM of ~ 45 paisa.
IDEAIncreased mobility revenue(18.5% CAGR) due to increasing
traffic(17.7% CAGR) at stable ARPM
Overall AnalysisTelecom sector is one of the fastest growing
sectors. This is due to strong competition that has brought down
tariffs and simplification of policy environment that has promoted
healthy competition amongst various players. The government has
eased the rules regarding inter circle and intra circle mergers.
This has led to a slew of mergers and acquisitions in the recent
pastAs the sector is moving closer to maturity, further
consolidation is a reality and this will lead to the survival of
more profitable players in this segmentInfrastructure equipment
cost is down to a fraction of what prevailed just a few years ago
operators can plan better expansion plan nowincreased viability for
the operators to expand to semi-urban and rural markets. Hence,
competition in this market would increase.Buyer Power AnalysisCost
of product relative to total costTelecom products e.g. Voice calls,
3g etc cost 100% of the total cost of service and buyers are more
sensible to pricing.Product differentiationAirtel, Relience,Idea
and all other companies have similar prices for similar products
and less likely for anyone to maintain product differentiation and
hence buyers have the option to switch over.Competition between
buyersThe individual buyers dont have any competition among
themselves but enterprise customers like IT or banks do have.
Enterprise customers generate major part of the revenues for any
telecom companies like Relience, Airtel or Idea which means higher
buyer power. But this is not significant for the newbie or the one
who deals with individual customersSize and concentration of buyers
relative to products960.9 Million of individual telecom subscribers
as on May, 2012. Big size and low concentration of consumption per
individual gives lower leverage to buyer power.Enterprise customers
Big size and big concentration of consumption accrues high buyer
powerTogether we can say its moderate buyer power in terms of size
and concentration.Buyers switching costLow switching cost Low new
connection cost. With MNP, switching has become easier. TRAI
expected that the subscriber has to pay not more than Rs. 200. Some
of the operators have estimated the charges can be as low as Rs.
20.Mobile Number Portability requests increased from 50.16 million
subscribers at the end of May 2012 to 54.33 million at the end of
June 2012. 4.16 million Requests for the month of June
itselfMeaning Low switching cost and high buyer power.Buyers
informationBuyers information regarding the availability of other
options has become highincreased social networking; high
advertisements through TV, hoardings, banners and word of mouth,
buyers are well informed about the substitute products with better
offerings urban as well as rural areas. Means high buyer
powerBuyers ability to backward integrate Not much intermediaries
between the producer and the consumers. High Investment required
for backward integration. Less likely to have backward integration
and hence low buyer power
Suppliers for the Telecom Operators:-The suppliers bargaining
power has increased influence on the profitability of the company.
Increase in the bargaining power of the supplier will lead to a
decrease in profits or increase in the price of the end product
(Buyer).There is a price war happening between the different mobile
operators, so even the suppliers are chosen carefully so that they
do not drag down the profitability of the company .So the suppliers
have less bargaining power in this industry.Mobile Tower Companies
SIM cards Mobile phone handsetsMobile Tower companies in
India:-There are two types of tower companies in IndiaTelecos owned
tower companiesIndependently telecom tower companies (ITTC)Sim Card
Manufacturers:-Sim card for the mobile operators are mostly
produced in India and some are imported.The mobile operator doesnt
always procure the sim card from a single supplier to avoid any
delays.The Bargaining power of suppliers is lessThere is little or
no threat of forward integration.Mobile Phone handsets:- Two types
of mobile phones are generally used. (CDMA & GSM). The leading
CDMA phone manufacturers are Samsung, Blackberry, ZTE, Motorola,
Spice etc Top 4 leading Mobile phone manufacturer (GSM & CDMA)
in India (2011-12) Bargaining power of suppliers is less. Little or
no threat of Forward integration.Threat of Substitutes:- Buyer
Propensity To Substitute Relative Prices Performance Of
SubstituteBuyer Propensity to SubstituteInternet subscriber base
increasing in India by 18.06%, compared to 10.60% for GSM/CDMA
services.Representations from the industry and from within the DoT
to open up Net telephony.If allowed, this will open up Indias
domestic voice market to all operators which have a unified access
services license such as Reliance Infotel and Aircel to offer voice
services along with data to its consumers.DOT also contemplating
allowing operators without a unified access license, which includes
broadband and Internet companies such as Google and Skype to offer
telephony services for international calling and PC-to-PC domestic
calls.Relative Prices Internet Telephony eating into the revenue of
GSM/CDMA telephony.Flat/ fixed rate revenues from internet services
- cannibalization of revenues from GSM/CDMA services.Performance of
Substitute Voice quality is an issue with internet telephony.
Internet voice services also currently limited due to regulatory
road blocks.
Threat of Entry - Low Threat of entry Access to optical fiber
network Declining ARPU Government and legal barriers Retaliation by
established producersCapital Requirements The cost of active
equipment is estimated to be 40 percent of the telecom operator's
total capex, while the balance is accounted for by passive
infrastructure. Bharti has invested close to Rs. 230 billion to
create the cellular infrastructure with 45,000 towers across the
country. Typically, a ground based tower costs Rs. 25-30 lakh. A
roof-based tower can be built for Rs.13-14 lakhs. Cost of
maintaining one tower (active + passive) is estimated at Rs.
60,000-65,000 per month. If tower is rented then monthly rent of
Rs. 40,000-45,000 for active network. The monthly outflow of a TSP
would be close to Rs. 80,000-85,000 per tower per month. However,
the recent announcement made by BSNL about leasing its towers will
help both the older and newer players to penetrate into new
markets. This factor makes the telecom industry moderately
attractive for the new players and investorsAccess to Optical Fiber
Network The largest optical fiber has been built by the incumbent
operator BSNL who is also the long distance operator. The private
sector players such as Bharti and Reliance have also constructed
optical fiber cable network connecting mainly cities and towns but
their presence is very limited in the rural areas and difficult
terrains. It is fairly difficult and cost- ineffective for new
entrants to lay down optical fiber connecting remote places as
well.Retaliation by Established Players Also known as Incumbent
Wrath signifies the leverage the players in the market commands.
The incumbents grow because of an established network presence, a
brand that consumers are aware of and sheer economies of scale.
Mobile termination charge which one operator pays to the other when
the customer of the former uses the roaming charges of the latter.
This is 30 paise a minute charge as of today. This is charged to
the consumer as the cost of roaming. With an all India footprint
(or 80% coverage), the incumbents effectively do not have to pay
termination charges. The incumbents have either been pocketing the
termination charges or passing them to consumers no roaming charge
kind of schemes. This factor makes the industry unattractive for
the new entrants and investors. The existing Telecom players might
begin to bundle broadband, voice, wireless, video and other
emerging technologies together, as well as a variety of value added
content, in an effort to remain competitive, offer seamless
services and attract more customers, at a cheaper price (incumbent
wrath) Government and Legal Barriers Private operators will have to
enter into an arrangement with fixed-service providers within a
circle for traffic between long-distance and short-distance
charging centers. Seven years time frame set for rollout of
network, spread over four phases. Any shortfall in network coverage
would result in encashment and forfeiture of bank guarantee of that
phase. Private operators to pay one-time entry fee of Rs.25 million
plus a Financial Bank Guarantee (FBG) of Rs.200 million. The
revenue sharing agreement would be to the extent of 6%. Private
operators allowed setting up landing facilities that access
submarine cables and use excess bandwidth available. No industrial
license required for setting up manufacturing units for telecom
equipment. 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed through
automatic route for manufacturing of telecom equipments. Moderate
threat entry based on Government Policies.
CHAPTER 2COMPANY ANALSISABOUT THE COMPANY:-Reliance
Communications Ltd. (commonly called RCOM) is an Indian Internet
access (commonly called "broadband") and telecommunications company
headquartered in Navi Mumbai, India. RCOM is India's second largest
telecom operator, only after Bharti Airtel. It is the 15th largest
mobile phone operator with over 150 million subscribers.
Established in 2004, it is a subsidiary of Reliance Anil Dhirubhai
Ambani GroupReliance Group, an offshoot of the Group founded by
Shri Dhirubhai H Ambani (1932-2002), ranks among India's top
private sector business houses in terms of net worth. The group has
business interests that range from telecommunications (Reliance
Communications Limited) to financial services (Reliance Capital
Ltd) and the generation and distribution of power (Reliance Power
Limited and Reliance Infrastructure Limited).Reliance Group's
flagship company, Reliance Communications is India's foremost and
truly integrated telecommunications service provider. The Company
has a customer base of above 118 million including over 2.6 million
individual overseas retail customers. Reliance Communications
corporate clientele includes over 39,000 Indian and multinational
corporations including small and medium enterprises and over 290
global, regional and domestic carriers.Reliance Communications has
established a pan-India, next generation, integrated (wireless and
wire line), convergent (voice, data and video) digital network that
is capable of supporting best-of-class services spanning the entire
communications value chain, covering over 21,000 cities and towns
and over 400,000 villages. Reliance Communications owns and
operates the world's largest next generation IP enabled
connectivity infrastructure, comprising over 280,000 kilometers of
fiber optic cable systems in India, USA, Europe, Middle East and
the Asia Pacific region.ABOUT THE FOUNDER:-Few men in history have
made as dramatic a contribution to their countrys economic fortunes
as did the founder of Reliance, Sh. Dhirubhai H Ambani. Fewer still
have left behind a legacy that is more enduring and timeless.As
with all great pioneers, there is more than one unique way of
describing the true genius of Dhirubhai: the corporate visionary,
the unmatched strategist, the proud patriot, the leader of men, the
architect of Indias capital markets, and the champion of
shareholder interest. But the role Dhirubhai cherished most was
perhaps that of Indias greatest wealth creator. In one lifetime, he
built, starting from the proverbial scratch, Indias largest private
sector enterprise. When Dhirubhai embarked on his first business
venture, he had a seed capital of barely US$ 300 (around Rs
14,000). Over the next three and a half decades, he converted this
fledgling enterprise into a Rs 60,000 crore colossusan achievement
which earned Reliance a place on the global Fortune 500 list, the
first ever Indian private company to do so.Dhirubhai is widely
regarded as the father of Indias capital markets. In 1977, when
Reliance Textile Industries Limited first went public, the Indian
stock market was a place patronized by a small club of elite
investors which dabbled in a handful of stocksThe late Dhirubhai
Ambani dreamt of a digital India an India where the common man
would have access to affordable means of information and
communication. Dhirubhai, who single-handedly built Indias largest
private sector company virtually from scratch, had stated as early
as 1999: Make the tools of information and communication available
to people at an affordable cost. They will overcome the handicaps
of illiteracy and lack of mobility. It was with this belief in mind
that Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) started
laying 60,000 route kilometers of a pan-India fiber optic backbone.
This backbone was commissioned on 28 December 2002, the auspicious
occasion of Dhirubhais 70th birthday, though sadly after his
unexpected demise on 6 July 2002.Reliance Communications has a
reliable, high-capacity, integrated (both wireless and wireline)
and convergent (voice, data and video) digital network. It is
capable of delivering a range of services spanning the entire
infocomm (information and communication) value chain, including
infrastructure and services for enterprises as well as individuals,
applications, and consulting."Think big. Think different. Think
ahead."He would always say that if a telephone call could be made
cheaper than a postcard, it would transform every home, empower
every Indian, remove every obstacle to opportunity and growth, and
tear apart every barrier that divides Indian society. He was
convinced that infocom could energize enterprises, drive
governance, and render learning an interesting experience, apart
from making life exciting.ABOUT THE CHAIRMEN:-Personal: Anil
Dhirubhai Ambani, born on 4th June, 1959, in Mumbai. He is the
younger son of the visionary entrepreneur Shri Dhirubhai Ambani and
lives with his mother Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani in Mumbai.
Graduated (B.Sc. in Science) from K.C. College, Mumbai University
and MBA at Wharton, University of Pennsylvania. He is married to
former actress - Tina Munim and has two sons - Jai Anmol (23 Years)
and Jai Anshul (19 Years). He has an elder brother Mr. Mukesh
Ambani and two younger sisters Mrs. Dipti Salgaocar and Mrs. Nina
Kothari.Corporate:Anil Dhirubhai Ambani is one of India's leading
business leaders and founder of the Reliance Group; whose
constituent business enterprises are engaged in pivotal roles in
the ongoing economic transformation of India.He is the Chairman of
the Reliance Group; including, Reliance Communications, Reliance
Capital, Reliance Infrastructure, and Reliance Power.Anil or ADA,
as he is often referred to by his colleagues, founded the Reliance
Group in 2006 and in less than 10 years, the Reliance Group has
built a leadership position in major growth sectors of the Indian
economy, including telecommunications, generation, transmission and
distribution of renewable and non-renewable sources of power,
national road highways, metro rail systems, cement, financial
services, education, healthcare, media and entertainment.Key
Indicators of Reliance Group:Reliance Group is amongst India's top
5 business houses and has the world's largest Shareholder/Investor
base of over 13 million shareholders and investors. Reliance Group
has assets in excess of Rs. 2, 60,000 Crore (US $ 43 billion);
annual Revenues of the order of Rs. 56,000 Crore (US $ 9 billion);
Net Worth of over Rs. 98,000 Crore (US $ 16 billion); and over 1,
00,000 employees.Business Partnerships: Reliance Life Insurance is
in partnership with Nippon Life Insurance of Japan Reliance Asset
Management is in partnership with Nippon Life Insurance of Japan.
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank (SMTB) is now one of the largest
shareholders of Reliance Capital Limited, through a strategic
partnership. Veolia Transport of France is in partnership with
Mumbai Metro One Pvt. Ltd. (MMOPL) - part of Reliance
Infrastructure Limited. Partnership with Steven Spielberg and
DreamWorks Studios, USA, which has produced highly acclaimed -
Oscar winning/Oscar nominated movies, such as Lincoln, War Horse,
and The Help. Partnership with Bloomberg TV for one of India's most
influential business TV channels.VISION OF THE COMPANY:-To be
amongst the top 3 most valued Indian companies by 2015 leading in
providing Information, Communication and Entertainment services
Being the industry benchmark in Customer Experience, Employee
Centricity and Innovation.
MISSION OF THE COMPANY:-Excellence in Communication Arena To
attain global best practices and become a world-class communication
service provider - guided by its purpose to move towards greater
degree of sophistication and maturity. To work with vigor,
dedication and innovation to achieve excellence in service,
quality, reliability, safety and customer care as the ultimate
goal. To earn the trust and confidence of all stakeholders,
exceeding their expectations and make the Company a respected
household name. To consistently achieve high growth with the
highest levels of productivity. To be a technology driven,
efficient and financially sound organization. To contribute towards
community development and nation building. To be a responsible
corporate citizen nurturing human values and concern for Society,
the environment and above all, the people. To promote a work
culture that fosters individual growth, team spirit and creativity
to overcome challenges and attain goals. To encourage ideas, talent
and value systems. To uphold the guiding principles of trust,
integrity and transparency in all aspects of interactions and
dealingsBUSINESS OF THE COMPANY:-WIRELESS AND Mobile:-Indias
leading integrated telecom company Reliance Communications is the
flagship company of the Reliance Group. Listed on the National
Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange, it is Indias leading
integrated telecommunication company with over 150 million
customers. Reliance Mobile (formerly Reliance India Mobile),
launched on 28 December 2002, coinciding with the joyous occasion
of the late Dhirubhai Ambanis 70th birthday, was among the initial
initiatives of Reliance Communications. It marked the auspicious
beginning of Dhirubhais dream of ushering in a digital revolution
in India.With over 150 million subscribers across India, Reliance
Mobile is Indias largest mobile service brand. Reliance Mobile
services now cover over 24,000 towns, 6 lakh villages, and still
counting.In 2003, AC Nielsen voted Reliance Mobile (formerly
Reliance India Mobile) as Indias Most Trusted Telecom Brand. In
July 2003, it created a world record by adding one million
subscribers in a matter of just 10 days through its Monsoon Hungama
offer.Reliance Mobile has ushered in a mobile revolution by
offering advanced multimedia handsets to the common man at very
affordable rates. This innovative low pricing has increased the
number of mobile phone users and its result is clearly reflected in
the meteoric rise in Indias tele-density over the past four
years.Our pan-India wireless network runs on CDMA2000 1x
technology, which has superior voice and data capabilities compared
to other cellular mobile technologies. CDMA2000 1x is more
cost-effective as it utilises the scarce radio spectrum more
efficiently than other technologies do. Enhanced voice clarity,
superior data speed of up to 144 kbps and seamless migration to
newer generations of mobile technologies are some of its key
differentiators.INTERNET:-Broadband:-The successful rolling out of
real broadband services across the nation marks the second chapter
of Reliance Communications commitment to usher in a digital
revolution in India. Reliance Communications is setting new
standards for the world to follow through inventive use of
cutting-edge technologies in the field of fibre optics, Ethernet,
microwave radios, switching, routing, digital compression and
encoding. The mass roll out of broadband being carried out by
Reliance Communications across the length and breadth of the
country, offering speeds of up to 100 Mbps to millions of users, in
itself is a technological marvel.The uniqueness of Reliance
Communications broadband initiative lies in the fact that our
entire nationwide network is being conceptualised and built from
ground zero. It is designed to deliver affordable quality
education, drive governance, transform healthcare, enhance
efficiency in business and finally, generate new job opportunities
for millions of unemployed Indians.Reliance Communications
broadband service is set to revolutionise Indian society by
removing the traditional bottlenecks of development including lack
of capital and weak infrastructure, and help tide over the
challenges of distribution in a vast country like
India.E-education:-The mission of Reliance Communications
e-learning initiatives is to bring world-class education to the
doorstep of every Indian home. Utilising our pan-India optical
fibre and retail network, educational institutions can reach out to
large sections of students which otherwise would be very difficult
to contact. Leveraging our robust broadband infrastructure two top
Indian management schools the Xavier Institute of Management,
Bhubaneshwar and XLRI, Jamshedpur are imparting fully interactive
real-time courses across 105 cities.The Indian market possesses
tremendous potential yet to be tapped. Utilising our real broadband
connectivity, educational institutions can source the best
educational material from anywhere in the world. Libraries and
laboratories around the world can be cross-linked making way for
seamless exchange of information and expertise.
E-healthcare:-Reliance broadband is set to offer timely quality
healthcare facilities at very affordable rates to large sections of
the Indian population irrespective of their geographical location.
Our broadband connectivity is committed to usher in a new
generation of online healthcare delivery system. Access to advance
medical expertise can no longer be constrained by geography. A
patient can seek medical advice sitting in the comforts of home.
Doctors can attend to patients anywhere in the world on real-time
basis. At the click of the mouse, medical records and documents can
be digitally dispatched thousands of miles away.Recently, the
Apollo Group of Hospitals joined hands with Reliance Communications
to offer its top-of-the-line healthcare facilities online to the
benefits of millions of Indians.Integrated Enterprise Solution:-For
Indian enterprises, our convergent voice-data-video solution
framework, delivered through fibre-to-the-building (FTTB)
architecture introduces true broadband connectivity. Our enterprise
broadband is delivered using Metro Ethernet technology. However,
based on specific customer requirement other high-end technologies
including Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Local Multipoint
Distribution Services (LMDS) and Integrated Service Digital Network
(ISDN) are also being deployed.As per specific requirements of
enterprises we provide customized solutions be it a simple voice
solution or complex data solutions that involves nationwide
networking of all branches, sales and field executives, vendors,
suppliers and customers at data speeds scalable from 64 Kbps to 100
Mbps. Reliance Communications core broadband products include MPLS
based VPN, leased lines, Gigabit Internet connectivity, video
conferencing and video telephony.ENTERTAINMENT:-Reliance Digital
TV:-Entertainment avenues in India today are expanding from mass
entertainment to lifestyle entertainment. Consumers are looking at
the best life has to offer when it comes to enjoyment,
entertainment, expression and creativity. They are seeking products
and services that will create a rich, personalized and social media
environment that maximize the limited time available.Imagine a
digital television service that suits you and your familys
interests, passions and busy schedules. Picture all of your
favorite channels, shows, and movies at your fingertips its time to
step into the BIG world of entertainment.Reliance Reliance Digital
TV presents the next landmark in entertainment in India. The launch
of Reliance Reliance Digital TV brings true digitization and a
transformation of the current television viewing experience, and
marks a shift in the controls from the broadcaster to the hand of
the consumer.It has a significant technological advantage over
other television platforms in terms of the number of digital
channels it can broadcast, the quality of its audio and video, DVR
(Digital Video Recording) and HD (High Definition) readiness and
many more features because it uses MPEG-4 compression technology.
It is also in a superior position to take advantage of the content
boom, the synergies with the BIG Entertainment group, and the
Reliance Group retail distribution network.NETWORKING:-Global
network Reliance Communications is a National Long Distance (NLD)
and International Long Distance (ILD) service provider, rendering
national and international transport links between other
telecommunication service providers' networks.It is also an
infrastructure provider for end-to-end bandwidth requirements as
well as providing dark duct and dark fiber on lease to service
providers and companies. The acquisition of Flag Telecom by
Reliance in January 2004 has strengthened the bouquet of our
service offerings to national and global service providers and
companies. Our wholesale customers include Indian and international
telephony service providers, Internet service providers,
long-distance carriers, call centre operators, multinational
companies, business process outsourcing (BPO) companies, IT-enabled
service (ITES) providers and government and quasi-government
organizations.Highlights of International and National Long
Distance (ILD & NLD) services ILD gateways in Mumbai, Delhi,
Chennai, Kolkata and Ernakulum. International Points of Presence
(Pops) in New York, Los Angeles, London and Hong Kong integrated
seamlessly with domestic gateways. Submarine fiber cable network
connecting gateways to India in ring architecture for resilience.
Satellite route for media diversity. Centralized NOC for
International and National network management TDM and VoIP based
interconnect. Domestic and international data leased circuit. Value
added services MPLS IP-VPN, FR, ATM. International capacity built
to manage >250 mn minutes per month.Highlights of FLAG Telecom
network Global optic fiber network of 52,000 kms spanning four
continents. Customer base of over 180 international carriers
including the top ten. Global bandwidth, IP, Internet, Ethernet and
co-location services. Low latency global MPLS based IP network
connecting world's principal international Internet exchanges.DATA
CENTERS:-Reliance is India's largest Internet Data Center (IDC)
service provider, hosting business critical IT Infrastructure and
applications of Indian and foreign blue chip companies, financial
institutions and other important organizations. Reliance Internet
Data Centers are truly world class Level 3 (highest) IDC
facilities, with more than 6, 50,000 sq ft of hosting space. Total
of nine IDC's including four IDC's with total hosting space of
256000 sq ft are functioning in Mumbai, three with hosting space of
1,00,000 sq ft- are functioning at Bangalore, one IDC of hosting
space of 56,000 sq ft is functioning in Chennai and one IDC of
hosting space of 2,60,000 sq ft is functioning in Hyderabad.
Reliance is also setting up world-class data centers in other major
cities in India making a total of more than 1.4 million sq ft of
hosting space available over the next year.Reliance data centers,
on a daily basis, manage more than 25,000 servers, 350 firewalls
and 1600 terabyte of data transfer. All data center's are
internationally benchmarked on all parameters physical and network
security, infrastructure, facilities, network connectivity and
operations.Internet Data Centers are critical components of
Reliance Communications vision to herald a digital revolution in
India. The Data centers are connected to Reliance's pan-India,
optic fibre-based, high capacity IP network. The data center is
further connected to 52 countries including US, UK, Mid-east and
Asia-Pac through Flag Telecom ( A Reliance Communications group
company) backbone and other undersea cable systems. It also has
private peering relationship with the largest Tier 1 Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) and public peering at more than 15
Internet Exchange points across the globe, apart from peering
relationship with domestic ISPs on STM-1 bandwidth.INFRASTRUCTURE
BUSINESS:-Reliance Infratel Limited (RITL), a subsidiary of
Reliance Communications Limited, was incorporated in 2001 as a
private limited company.RITL now operates as an independent
wireless towers company pursuing its business plan to invest in its
wireless towers portfolio and to acquire additional tenants on its
towers. RITL functions as a third-party infrastructure provider,
offering passive infrastructure-sharing to multiple wireless
operators and data and entertainment providers within the industry.
RITL holds an IP 1 License (Infrastructure Provider) issued by the
Department of Telecommunications (Dot) and is an independent
wireless telecommunications infrastructure company, engaged in the
business of building, owning and operating communications towers,
optic fiber cable and other related assets at designated sites
(together, passive infrastructure), and to make available this
passive infrastructure on a shared basis to wireless and other
communications service providers under long-term contracts. It
provides pan-India integrated (wireless and wire line), convergent
(voice, data and video) digital network and its coverage area
includes 24,000 towns and 600,000 villages. As on February, 2011,
RITLs wireless towers portfolio comprised of 45,443 towers which
has a presence in all 23 telecom circles in the country making it
the largest pan-India tower player. RITLs tower portfolio is
uniformly distributed with approximately equal number of towers in
all the 4 regions. Most of the towers, especially the ones located
in the urban areas, are connected to RCOMs state of the art fiber
network. RITLs tower portfolio is suitable for CDMA, GSM 900, GSM
1800, 3G and BWA networks. RITL has always followed, and will
continue to do so in future, a conservative policy of building new
towers, on a case to case basis, and that too only for meeting the
contractual demand from long term tenantsRITL has entered into
master services agreements with RCOM and RTL, and all other
existing and new operators for providing passive infrastructure.
RCOM and RTL have nominated RITL as their exclusive provider of
passive telecom infrastructure. Most of these agreements are of
long term around 10 to 15 years. These agreements will result in
incremental growth in the tenancy rates for RTIL and thus, provide
significant operating leverage. RELIANCE WORLD:-Reliance World
(formerly Reliance Web World) is a world-class nationwide chain of
retail outlets for products and services of the Reliance Anil
DhirubhaiAmbani Group. It is designed to give the customer a
delightful experience of the digital world of information,
communication, entertainment and utility services. All Reliance
World outlets are connected to Reliances countrywide optic fiber
network. The Broadband Centre at Reliance World leverages this
broadband network to bring you innovative digital services. With
241 Reliance World outlets across 105 cities in the country, you
are sure to find one in your vicinity. RURAL COMMUNICATION:-The
Reliance Communications in association with Department of
Information Technology (DIT), Government of India is working to
facilitate the establishment of a network of more than 7000
internet enabled Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
access points termed as CSC [Common Service Centre]. These CSCs are
meant to provide high quality and cost effective video, voice and
data content, in the areas of E-Government, education, health,
tele-medicine, entertainment as well as possible government and
private servicesUnder this program Reliance is committed to provide
self employment to rural people residing in many districts of
following states: Maharashtra Uttarakhand Madhya Pradesh
GujaratThis program is creating Village Level Entrepreneurs [VLE]
who are earning from their own village by providing various G2C,
B2C services to local masses. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES:-Wireless
Mobile (CDMA, GSM and 3G)
VAS (Mobile World)
Wireless Data
Fixed Wireless
Public Access Business
Telecom Infrastructure
Multi tenancy towers
Pan-India coverage
Backhaul
Support systems
Globalcom
Submarine cable
Ethernet Data services
Global Managed Network Services
Long Distance (NLD/ILD)
Global Call
Enterprise
Internet Data Center
Broadband
Leased Line
Office Centrex
MPLS and VPN
WiMax
Home
DTH
IPTV
OTHER BUSINESSES
Tech Services Leveraging Internal IT Development
Capabilities
BPO Expertise in Telecom BFSI, Utilities and Media
Retail Reliance World
ENVIRONMENT OF THE COMPANY:-The company is the leading
integrated and converged telecommunications operator in India, and,
through our international Subsidiaries, are one of the leading
global data communications service providers. The company
established a pan-India, integrated (wireless and wired) and
convergent (voice, data and video) digital network capable of
supporting services spanning the entire telecommunications value
chain, and covering over 21,000 cities and towns and over 400,000
villages. We provide 3G services across 13 Circles covering 334
cities, including the metropolitan Circles and additionally five
more Circles through ICR arrangements, thus increasing our 3G
coverage to 18 Circles. We provide wireless broadband services on
our own network in 1,624 cities and towns and offer Internet
connectivity in over 19,000 towns across India. Our
telecommunications towers, used for both CDMA and GSM mobile
networks and service multiple mobile service providers, including
ourselves, are located in all 22 Circles in India, and are
supported by an OFC network of over 190,000 RKm. In India, we also
offer nationwide DTH services through our wholly-owned subsidiary,
Reliance Big TV, in 8,350 cities and towns. As at December 31,
2014, we had a customer base of approximately 115 million
customers, including 106.3 million wireless customers (including
31.4 million of who subscribed to data services, of which 16.7
million subscribed to our 3G services), 1.2 million wired
customers, over 2.6 million overseas retail customers and 4.9
million DTH customers. Our enterprise clientele includes over
39,000 Indian and multinational corporations, including SMEs and
over 290 global, regional and domestic carriers. Our enterprise
customers include over 900 prominent enterprises in India.
Key Company Highlights Presence in an Industry with high growth
potential Large customer base with strong market position and
leadership in data subscribers Ample wireless spectrum portfolio
with long validity period Comprehensive domestic and international
network Extensive distribution network with strong brand
recognition Experienced management team Consistent financial
performanceStock Exchange ListingBombay Stock Exchange Limited
(BSE) National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE)Luxembourg
Stock ExchangeMARKETING:-7P'sThe Marketing mix of Reliance
communications discusses the service marketing mix of Reliance
communications and thereby the 7Ps involved in the service
marketing mix.ProductReliance mobile always faced the problem of
weak network. So to correct the major have invested over Rs 300
crore to upgrade to NGIP (Next Generation IP) network. Product has
to sell itself. Now they are launching about more than 1100 network
towers to provide more coverage to its customers.PriceThere are
many ways to price a product. The pricing policy/ strategy vary in
various situations. In case of Reliance mobiles they have priced
their product at a very low price & they also come up with new
plans.PlaceAnother element of Marketing Mix is Place. Place is also
known as channel, distribution, or intermediary. It is the
mechanism through which goods and/or services are moved from the
manufacturer/ service provider to the user or consumer. Reliance
Mobiles do not find it very difficult to find the distribution
channel because they are the old players and distribute their
product in India.PromotionAnother one of the 4Ps is promotion. This
includes all of the tools available to the marketer for marketing
communication. Reliance has recently started doing heavy
promotions.Physical EvidencePhysical Evidence is the material part
of a service. Strictly speaking there are no physical attributes to
a service, so a consumer tends to rely on material cues. As
Reliance mobile provide various rental plans.
PeopleReliance always valued their customers. They provide a
very cheap call rates affordable to the lower class.ProcessProcess
is another element of the extended marketing mix, or 7Ps. There are
a number of perceptions of the concept of process within the
business and marketing literature.DISTRIBUTION NETWORK:-Network
reach Over 800 global, regional and domestic carriers Over 2,100
Indian and Multinational corporations Providers of cutting edge
connectivity to over 850 of top 1000 companies in India Connecting
2.5 million individual overseas customers 190,000 kms of fiber
optic connecting over 1 million building across 44 cities with over
1.4 million access lines 9 data centre with data storage space of
over 6.5 lakh sq. ft.ScalabilityRCOM uses fiber-to-the-building
approach helping in creating a network with unlimited capacity and
ability to support gigabit per second bandwidth services for
customers.Network architectureArchitecturally the network is
generations ahead of other incumbent networks in India. A ring
protected FTTB architecture that gives an enhanced uptime.
End-to-end owned infrastructureOnly RCOM has a fully end-to-end
owned infrastructure with last mile access, nationally as well as
internationally, thereby keeping things under one control.
Integrated global player in true senseRCOM, as a telecom player,
satisfies your every telecom need, right from a mobile connection
to broadband to International leased circuit. SALES FORCE:-Shorten
sales cycles Connect with more prospects and qualify them more
quickly Generate leads in less time Reduce travel budgets while
bringing decision-makers together Close deals fasterCommunicate
more effectively Introduce new services Give better presentations,
interactively Create high-impact demonstrations Edit contracts in
real timeStrengthen relationships Follow-up with leads Train
customers and retain them Keep global teams in synchPromotional
Strategies:-ContestsContests are a frequently used promotional
strategy. Many contests don't even require a purchase. The idea is
to promote your brand and put your logo and name in front of the
public rather than make money through a hard-sell campaign. People
like to win prizes. Sponsoring contests can bring attention to your
product without company overtness.Social MediaSocial media websites
such as Facebook and Google+ offer companies a way to promote
products and services in a more relaxed environment. This is direct
marketing at its best. Social networks connect with a world of
potential customers that can view your company from a different
perspective. Rather than seeing your company as "trying to sell"
something, the social network can see a company that is in touch
with people on a more personal level.Mail Order MarketingCustomers
who come into your business are not to be overlooked. These
customers have already decided to purchase your product. What can
be helpful is getting personal information from these customers.
Offer a free product or service in exchange for the information.
These are customers who are already familiar with your company and
represent the target audience you want to market your new products
to.Product GiveawaysProduct giveaways and allowing potential
customers to sample a product are methods used often by companies
to introduce new food and household products. Many of these
companies sponsor in-store promotions, giving away product samples
to entice the buying public into trying new products.Point-of-Sale
Promotion and End-Cap MarketingPoint-of-sale and end-cap marketing
are ways of selling product and promoting items in stores. The idea
behind this promotional strategy is convenience and impulse. The
end cap, which sits at the end of aisles in grocery stores,
features products a store wants to promote or move quickly. This
product is positioned so it is easily accessible to the customer.
Point-of-sale is a way to promote new products or products a store
needs to move.Customer Referral Incentive ProgramThe customer
referral incentive program is a way to encourage current customers
to refer new customers to your store. Free products, big discounts
and cash rewards are some of the incentivesCauses and
CharityPromoting your products while supporting a cause can be an
effective promotional strategy. Giving customers a sense of being a
part of something larger simply by using products they might use
anyway creates a win/win situation. You get the customers and the
socially conscious image; customers get a product they can use and
the sense of helping a cause.Branded Promotional GiftsGiving away
functional branded gifts can be a more effective promotional move
than handing out simple business cards. Put your business card on a
magnet, ink pen or key chain. These are a gift you can give your
customers that they may use, which keeps your business in plain
sight rather than in the trash or in a drawer with other business
cards the customer may not look at.Customer Appreciation EventsAn
in-store customer appreciation event with free refreshments and
door prizes will draw customers into the store. Emphasis on the
appreciation part of the event, with no purchase of anything
necessary, is an effective way to draw not only current customers
but also potential customers through the door. Pizza, hot dogs and
soda are inexpensive food items that can be used to make the event
more attractive.After-Sale Customer SurveysContacting customers by
telephone or through the mail after a sale is a promotional
strategy that puts the importance of customer satisfaction first
while leaving the door open for a promotional opportunity. Skilled
salespeople make survey calls to customers to gather information
that can later be used for marketing by asking questions relating
to the way the customers feel about the products and services
purchased.Brand ambassador:-Reliance Communications has appointed
Bollwood actor Anushka Sharma as the companys brand ambassador.
Through this association, Reliance Communications will look to
highlight the core value of the group- bringing products to
customers that fulfill their needs with unceasing affordability.
Sharma will feature in Reliance Communications new campaign which
will feature four new TVCs (two will be released soon). The TVCs
will highlight the greater benefits of the Unlimited Talk Time and
Call Connect features of Reliance Communications.Commenting on
their association with Anushka Sharma, Sanjay Behl, group head,
brand and marketing, Reliance Communications said, Reliance Mobiles
superior 3G, and Pan India 2G edge GSM and high performance CDMA
network have been demonstrated in this communication. What also
goes without saying is that just like our network; Anushka too is
also a superlative performer which makes her the perfect fit for
the brand.
Customer Services:-It is a self service solution, to manage your
account online for the various products and services you availed
from us. This website is a single point online access to your
account and once registered you can view and pay your bills, raise
and track service requests, buy new products and services, activate
and manage subscriptions. My Services, with these unique customer
experiences, also gives you the required direction and support to
conduct all the mentioned activities with your account.
My Services Registration
To register, simply select the New User tab in the My Services
page and choose a username of your choice, available in the record.
You can use the Check Availability option to verify the same. After
you have filled up all the requisite registration data, the
username and password will be sent to you through a preferred mode
of communication chosen at the time of registration.
Manage My Services
It includes services offered in multiple lines of businesses
like Wireless (CDMA and GSM), Wired and Big TV. For registering to
any of the services under them, there are different set of rules
and hence, to register please take the following steps: Log in to
My Services My Account Register Account tab the respective Line of
Business
Service Requests
Under this module, a user can raise and track a service request
online.
Create service requests online Update and track the status of
the service requests Add notes to the service request that one has
created View, download and e-mail the service request details
Bills and Payments
This section is applicable only for post-paid users.
View bills and download your bill details Inspect and pay your
bills online Track your payment trends through the payment history
screen Track your unbilled usage and credit information
E-Recharge
This section is applicable only for wireless pre-paid users. For
online e-recharge, click on the Registered Accounts section (left
hand pane) and follow the link CAN BAN Services.
Top-up your prepaid accounts online View prepaid account details
Track recharge trends
MARKET STRUCTURE:-
RCOM is a fully integrated and converged telecommunications
service provider operating across the full spectrum of wireless,
wireline, voice, data, video, internet and IT infrastructure
services and have an extensive international presence through the
provision of long distance voice, data and internet services and
submarine cable network infrastructure. With a customer base of
around 119.4 million (including 111 million wireless customers, 1.2
million wireline customers, over 2.6 million overseas retail
customers and 4.8 million Reliance Digital TV customers) as on
March 31, 2014, our corporate clientele includes over 39,000 Indian
and multinational corporations including small and medium
enterprises and over 290 global, regional and domestic carriers.
The enterprise customer base of the Company includes 880 of the top
1,000 enterprises in India. RCOM is Indias first telecom service
provider offering nationwide CDMA and GSM mobile services with
digital voice clarity. The Company has established a pan-India,
next generation, integrated (wireless and wireline), convergent
(voice, data and video) digital network capable of supporting
best-of-class services spanning the entire communications value
chain, covering over 21,000 cities and towns and over 4,00,000
villages. RCOM also provides 3G services in 13 circles including
key metros of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. RCOMs 3G services are
available in 334 towns across 13 circles. Recently, we have
launched 3G services in additional 5 circles namely Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (East), through
Intra Circle Roaming arrangements taking our 3G coverage to 18
circles. Our 3G network has the capacity to provide speeds up to 28
Mbps. RCOMs network is Built for Internet and its common packet
core delivers a seamless experience across 1x, 2G, HSD and 3G. RCOM
has deployed end-to-end IP enabled connectivity across our
transport and access network and backhaul including microwave. i.e.
Ethernet Super Highway. RCOM continues to provide nationwide
seamless Wireless Broadband experience on its network, in 1,624 top
towns across the country. This, coupled with our extensive 1X Data
presence offering high quality internet connectivity in over 19,000
towns, has positioned RCOM extremely well to take advantage of the
expected rapid increase in data consumption across the country.
RCOM has adopted a spectrum based Go to Market strategy to maximize
revenue growth. The Company has a differential approach in terms of
products, services, and retail engagements for improving our reach
and enhancing channel efficiency, for our 3G States 900 MHz
Circles, 3G Metro 1800 MHz circles, and 3G Dark circles. The
Company has adopted Circle as a Country approach rather than having
a Pan India Fit for All approach. RCOM offers the most
comprehensive portfolio of Enterprise, IT infrastructure, National
and International long distance voice, video and data network
services on an integrated and highly scalable platform. Our
business segments comprise Carrier, Enterprise and Consumer
business units. RCOM has the largest optic fibre network of over
2,80,000 km and the largest IDC space of 11,00,000 sq ft including
the latest IDC 5 being set up in Navi Mumbai. In India, RCOM
provide long distance business services including wholesale voice,
bandwidth and infrastructure services, national and international
private leased circuits, broadband internet access, audio and video
conferencing, MPLS-VPN, remote access VPN, Centrex, toll-free
services voice services for offices, voice VPN for corporates and
managed internet data centre (IDC) services. RCOM offer unique,
value-added products and services to large, medium and small
enterprises for their communications, networking, and IT
infrastructure needs across the country. The Company has a range of
more than 38 products to suit the needs of all customer segments,
more than any other service provider in India. RCOM offers
Nationwide Direct-To-Home (DTH) service through its wholly owned
subsidiary, Reliance Big TV Limited in about 8,350 towns across the
country. Reliance Digital TV was the first Company to introduce
High Definition DVR. Using the state-of-the art MPEG 4 technology,
it offers close to 250 channels in HD like quality. The Company
also offers 4 exclusive movie channels and 5 interactive services.
A unique combination of High Definition content and digital voice /
picture quality delivers a vastly superior viewing experience to
its subscribers.
New Initiatives 3G Speed @ 2G Prices As an inherent part of
RCOMs objective to take high-speed data services to every
Smartphone and tablet user in the country, RCOM announced the
launch of an exciting new 3G data offer at 2G data prices for
Smartphone and Tablet users, targeting the fast-growing segment.
The aggressive and affordable pricing is all set to trigger a wave
of 3G adoption in the country, ensuring greater traction from mid-
to high-level data users, and resulting in significant data usage
and revenue growth across customer segments. By breaking the 3G
entry barrier, the Company plans to bring about a behavioral change
and take the benefits of quick data access to everyone and impact
not just lives, but lifestyles as well. With this offer, all new
and existing Reliance subscribers can avail of best-priced 3G
services, across the post-paid and pre-paid segments. Reliance 3G
customers can enjoy the Smartphone experience on the Companys
Built-for-Internet superior network with lightning-fast video
streaming on their Smartphone and tablets, without any delay and
buffering, anytime, anywhere. Launch of Zero Plan RCOM launched
first of its kind plan called Zero Plan with multiple handset
manufacturers. This revolutionary way to buy Smartphone offer
includes handset cost, unlimited local and STD calls, unlimited
SMS, national roaming and unlimited 3G data for 24 months. So the
customer gets benefit of zero down-payment on the handset, zero
bills for next 24 months and zero limits on voice, data and SMS.
RCOM shall meet this objective by creating new alliances and
partnerships including with select credit card companies. The
proposition is win-win for both customer and RCOM as with the
single swipe of a credit card, it promises to deliver a quality
customer to RCOM and on the other side it offers a total peace of
mind to customers, taking away the tediousness of monthly bills for
the next two years. Reliance Globalcom Network Expansion Reliance
Globalcom (RGCOM) started the year with induction of state of the
art high capacity technology systems (100G) in submarine network to
enhance the fiber carrying capacity bymany fold with intent to meet
the growing traffic demand in data services. High capacity systems
has been inducted in Trans Atlantic (FA-1) cable network between
UK, France and US East coast, Hawk European network is upgraded
with higher capacity system. With the induction of Hawk cable
system, added to the Reliance Globalcom network last year which
connects the Middle East and extends connectivity further to
London, Paris and Frankfurt through our European terrestrial
network, latency has been improved offering better customer
experience for various emerging and real time and high bandwidth
intensive applications.
Reliance Globalcom Network Upgrades RCOM successfully upgraded
global Transmission and IP backbones, spread over multiple cable
systems and segments. Deployment of high-end carrier-grade routers
in key business markets in Asia, Europe, the US and the Middle East
regions enabled us to offer economical and scalable services to our
customers. The upgrades across various segments of our global
network enabled Reliance Globalcom to provide more cost effective
10 Gig Ethernet based solutions with improved manageability. New
relationship with leading handset manufacturers RCOM has developed
relationship with leading handset manufacturers to bring their
flagship Smartphone under our newly launched Zero Plan scheme. With
these tie-ups, the Company is also trying to penetrate GSM+CDMA
handset in the market to make CDMA handset ecosystem more
accessible and affordable. Long-term AgreementsRCOM unveiled plans
to expand its network significantly through strategic 2G GSM
Intra-Circle Roaming (ICR) agreements with existing operators,
offering our customers wider coverage and uninterrupted service
across the country. These arrangements will help in a fast-paced
expansion of RCOMs GSM network footprint at no extra cost, optimize
Capex and Opex spends and allow the Companys customers a seamless
roaming experience on partner networks. In addition, increased
capacities will significantly improve both outdoor and in-building
coverage, providing RCOM customers with an enriched mobility and
data experience. These ICR agreements will increase RCOMs national
2G GSM network foot print by 10,000 base stations and bring in
market of over 150 million addressable populations. Reliance
Infratel Limited (RITL) new agreements signed During the year under
review, RCOM has signed three agreements with Reliance JioInfocomm
(R-Jio) under an intended comprehensive framework of business
co-operation to provide for optimal utilization of the existing and
future infrastructure of both companies on reciprocal basis,
including inter-city fiber, intra-city fiber, towers and related
assets. The first agreement with R-Jio was signed for approx. `
1,200 crore as one time indefeasible right to use (IRU) fees for
sharing RCOMs nationwide inter-city fiber optic network
infrastructure. Under the terms of the agreement, R-Jio will
utilize fiber across RCOMs 120,000 kilometers inter-city fiber
optic network to provide a robust and future-proof backbone for
rolling out its 4G services. RCOM will in turn have reciprocal
access to optic fiber infrastructure to be built by R-Jio in the
future. The second agreement is a long term nationwide tower
sharing deal. Under the agreement, RCOMs 43,379 towers will be
utilized for rolling out 4G services and aggregate value of the
agreement is over ` 12,000 crore during lifetime of the agreement.
Recently, the Company signed a third agreement with R-Jio, for
sharing of RCOMs extensive intra-city optic fiber infrastructure.
Under the terms of this agreement, BWA service provider will
utilize RCOMs nationwide intra-city fiber network for roll-out of
its 4G services across the country. The agreement is based on arms
length pricing at prevailing market prices. RCOMs intra-city optic
fiber network extends to nearly 500,000 fiber pair kilometers,
across the top more than 300 cities and towns in India. Reliance
Net Call RCOM is launching Reliance Net Call in Global markets
apart from India. Reliance Net Call is a hybrid calling app which
enables calling from Smart Phones, Tablets, PCs and Browsers with
and uniquely without internet on smart phones. With Reliance
NetCall, customers can make free Voice Video calling and Conference
calls and send Instant Messages to other users who have the
application. Reliance Net Call will provide extremely economical
rates to call any landline / mobile in more than 200 countries.
Enterprise In our effort to offer cutting edge technology
solutions, we have collaborated with market leaders in the
Enterprise OEM including System Integrators. Renowned global
technology partners such as Fortinet, Checkpoint, Riverbed,
Ipanema, Cisco, Bluecoat, Polycom, Intercall, Hughes Escorts
Communications, Wipro and HCL Infosystems depend upon our deep
insights and understanding of customer needs to deliver relevant
products and services. RCOM has been a partner to various System
Integrators and Value added Service Providers for
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications such as Smart Metering. We
are partnering with the Government for Smart City Surveillance
Projects, Smart Grids or State wise APDRP (Accelerated Power
Development and Reform Programme) and SCADA (Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition). Industry Structure and Regulatory
Developments During fiscal year 2011 and 2012, the Indian Wireless
industry had double digit annualized growth rate of 12 per cent and
16 per cent. In the years 2013 and 2014, the industry revenue
growth tapered down to single digit, slightly above 9 per cent for
both the years. The Industry growth is likely to remain modest in
the current fiscal year as well. This clearly demonstrates that
voice business is entering into a maturity phase and data
contribution is still low inspite of high growth rate. However,
voice still remains the bread and butter for the industry and
contributed over 75 per cent of total revenues in fiscal year 2014.
Data is going to be the next frontier of growth for the industry.
Industry estimates indicate that data contributed ` 12,000 crore in
FY 2013, which will grow to ` 36,000 crore by FY 2016, with an
estimated CAGR of 85 per cent. In the coming 2-3 years, the
industry is expected to witness data revenue growth similar to what
we have seen in voice revenues few years back. During the fiscal
year under review, the industry has gone through virtual
consolidation, improvement in the headline voice tariffs and
bringing down free and promotional minutes. Very recently, the
industry increased 2G data tariffs in order to further support
continuous hardening of realized Rate per Minute (RPM). The Company
expect the financial year 2014-2015 to see the beginning of real
consolidation in the industry. The Company also expects that the
development in M&A norms will provide a better opportunity for
the industry to consolidate. We expect the industry to consolidate
to approx 5 Pan India players as small operators will not be able
to sustain costs in longer term and eventually become consolidation
participants. Once that happens, the industry will further see
tariff hardening with pricing power returning to Pan India
operators. The rise in tariffs will also be driven by high spectrum
cost in the industry. However, this will lead to improve
performance and help better cash flow generation for RCOM, as RCOM
does not have significant cash outflow on spectrum renewal.
Internet and Broadband Total internet subscriber base has increased
to approximately 252 million at the end of March 31, 2014. We have
seen a tremendous growth in our broadband subscriber base both in
terms of quality and quantity. Our Internet subscriber base as of
March 31, 2014 is 37.6 million. The Company commands 14.9 per cent
of market share. Customers now prefer higher bandwidth plans.
Commensurate with the increasing bandwidth demand, the Company is
currently augmenting its capacity to provide better customer
experience and further improve revenue. Telecom Infrastructure a)
Government had conducted 3 rounds of spectrum auction for 800MHz /
900MHz / 1800MHz bands. All operators who have won the spectrum
through auction are long term customers, which assure future
revenue opportunities. b) The demand for telecom infrastructure in
India is driven by the subscriber growth in the mobile Industry and
focus on expansion of rural market. c) The Company expects BWA
spectrum holders to firm up their roll-out plan and start offering
4G services soon. This will also lead to greater demand for Telecom
Infrastructure. d) Hyper competition in the mobile industry,
regulatory / legal uncertainty and falling revenues has put cost
pressure on the Telecom industry, which has impacted the
incremental towers and tenancies. Tower companies are now focusing
on increasing tenancy on existing towers as against adding further
towers. e) With the completion of network footprint expansion, the
focus will be on ensuring delivery of the best Quos to customers
and also building up network capacity as traffic grows.Industry
Trends 1. Moderating Competitive Intensity During the year under
review, Indian Telecom Sector witnessed virtual consolidation as
many operators have either completely exited the business or
reduced their footprint considerably. The Company expects the year
2014 to see the beginning of real consolidation in the industry.
The Company also expects that the development in M&A norms will
provide a better opportunity for the industry to consolidate. As
stated earlier, the Company expects the industry will consolidate
to approx 5 Pan India players as small operators will not be able
to sustain costs and eventually become consolidation
participants.2. Improved Revenue per Minute The telecom industry
has witnessed positive structural changes in terms of a reduction
in the number of players, resulting in a move towards more rational
tariffs, data services gaining traction, and improvement in the 3G
ecosystem allowing affordable adoption and meaningful consumption
of services. During the year under review, most of the operators
have increased headline tariffs both for voice as well as data.
Telecom operators are concentrating on quality acquisition
resulting in higher contribution per customer. During the year,
almost all operators have reduced promotional and free minutes3.
Data and Wireless Broadband The industry is witnessing tangible
evidence of accelerating mobile data adoption where consumers and
business customers are seizing the benefits of fast, reliable
mobile data networks using affordable smart-phones and other mobile
data devices such as Dongles and Tablets. This is further supported
by greater availability of content and applications. This positive
change in the eco-system is creating huge opportunity in data and
wireless broadband services. 3G services are finally starting to
take-off, primarily for high speed mobile internet usage, and for a
plethora of data applications like live mobile TV, video and music
streaming, video calling and conferencing, among others. 4. Mobile
Number Portability (MNP) With intense competition in the telecom
sector, there is enough choice for customers to choose a quality
network provider by MNP. By the end of March, 2014, about 117
million subscribers have submitted their requests to different
service providers for porting their mobile numbers. The Company is
witnessing an increasing trend of high ARPU customers coming into
our network compared to much lower ARPU customers leaving our
network. 5. Rural Penetration Rural area network coverage remains
one of the key parameters for the growth of wireless business.
While urban wireless teledensity is greatly saturated at 139.9 per
cent, there is a lot of potential for rural growth with rural
wireless teledensity still at 43.3 per cent as on March 31, 2014.
6. Enterprise Business Enterprises have begun to keep an intense
eye on consumer trends and are eager to adopt solutions that
integrate the Enterprise and Consumer worlds without sacrificing
security and data integrity. Trends like Smart Cities, Big Data,
Cloud, etc. are opening up many new opportunities for the
Communications business and are reshaping the ICT ecosystem. Our
endeavour is to help CIOs connect the dots by creating enabling
services. RCOM has already leveraged Cloud as an enabler for
business and revenue growth. It already provides Mail, Storage,
Video Conferencing, Audio Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Hosted
Contact Center, Hosted Voice and other services on the Cloud model
to various customers. Segmentation, Target and Positioning:-Access
Service Provider-wise Market Shares in the Wireless Subscribers as
on 31st January, 2015
Net Additions in Wireless Subscriber Bases of Access Service
Providers in the Month of January, 2015
Access Service Provider-wise Proportion of VLR Subscribers In
the Month of January, 2015
Access Service Provider-wise Market Shares in the Wired
Subscribers as on 31st January, 2015Service Provider-wise Market
Share of Broadband (wired and wireless) Services
COMPETITORS:-RankOperator's NameTechnologySubscribersin crores
(10m)OwnershipMarket Share
1BSNL GSM EDG HSDPA HSPA+ CDMA2000 EVDO REV. 0 WiMAX Wi-Fi8.67
State-owned9.32% (September 2014)
2Bharti Airtel GSM EDG HSPA TD-LET22.5 1Bharti Enterprises
(64.76%)SingTel (32%)Vodafone (4.4%)22.74% (September 2014)
3Vodafone India GSM EDGE HSPA+17.38 Vodafone Group (100%)18.69%
(September 2014)
4Idea Cellular GSM EDGE HSPA15.55 Aditya Birla (49.05%)Axiata
Group Berhad (19.96%)15.43% (September 2014)
5Reliance Communications CDMA2000 EVDO REV. B GSM EDGE HSDPA
HSPA+ WiMAX13.4Reliance ADAG (67%)Public (26%)11.44% (September
2014)
6Aircel GSM EDGE HSDPA TD-LTE7.58Maxis Communications
(74%)Apollo Hospital (26%)8.15% (September 2014)
7Tata DOCOMO CDMA2000 EVDO REV. B GSM EDGE HSPA+6.42Tata
Teleservices (74%)NTT DoCoMo (26%)6.91% (September 2014)
8MTS India CDMA2000 EVDO REV. B0.91Sistema (73.71%)Shyam Group
(23.79%)0.98% (September 2014)
9Videocon GSM GPRS EDGE0.59Videocon0.64% (September 2014)
10MTNL GSM HSDPA CDMA20000.33State-owned0.37% (September
2014)
TECHNOLOGIES USED:-SAP ERP Consolidate business data to avoid
duplication of effort Streamline business processes with
consistent, reliable information and real-time transparency Quickly
respond to customer demand with efficient, fast, and flexible
processes Outperform the competition with improved financial
insights and results Innovate without disruption by updating and
activating specific business functions on demand Rely on a
foundation that supports best practices for more than 25 different
Industries Solutions for Enterprise Resource Planning Procure to
Pay (ERP)Maximize cost savings with support for your end-to-end
procurement and logistics processes from self-service
requisitioning to invoicing and payments. Streamline and optimize
the flow of materials Actively manage your end-to-end
procure-to-pay processes Reduce unnecessary stock and improve spend
performance Rely on a single, complete, and integrated solution
Plan to Product (ERP)Accelerate your entire manufacturing process
from planning and scheduling to monitoring and analysis while
improving efficiency across your value chain. Be first to market
with innovative, high-quality products Proactively identify and fix
potential issues with real-time tracking and analysis Quickly
respond to changes in demand with accelerated planning and
execution Improve plant performance with real-time visibility into
shop floor processes Order to Cash (ERP)Support a wide range of
customer-focused processes from selling products and delivering
services to aftermarket warranty claims, service orders, and
returns. Simplify and accelerate the entire order-to-cash cycle
Deliver orders on time and improve customer satisfaction Streamline
processes and reduce operational costs Boost productivity and
increase sales and profit margins Benefit from profitable sales and
interaction channels Request to Service (ERP)Help your organization
increase sales and profit margins, enhance customer satisfaction,
and differentiate its brand by delivering exceptional service in
every customer experience. Understand and engage with your
customers and exceed their expectations Offer immediate
responsiveness and quick resolution to customer issues Streamline
your service operations to increase efficiency and reduce cost Core
Human Resources (ERP)Better manage your most valuable asset your
people with support for recruiting, on boarding, and administration
to professional development and promotion. Improve workforce
efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction Deliver best-in-class HR
processes at the lowest possible cost Predict and plan for future
workforce needs and demands Align corporate strategies with team
and individual goals Core Finance (ERP)Streamline and automate your
financial operations while ensuring regulatory compliance and
gaining real-time insight into overall performance. Enhance your
core financial capabilities and generate accurate reports in real
time Capture processes from different applications for a single
version of financial truth Reduce cost of goods sold (COGS) and
maximize profitability Ensure compliance with IFRSS, US-GAAP, and
local GAAP regulations Analyze customer behavior and sales to
quickly identify and seize new opportunities Platform and
TechnologyComplement your central SAP ERP components by adding
innovations in analytics, cloud, mobile, in-memory, and user
experience (UX) quickly and cost-effectively. Leverage a packaged
bundle of powerful extensions to complement your SAP ERP Gain
industry best practices, unparalleled integration tools, and
role-based ERP access Maximize ROI by running SAP ERP on the SAP
HANA platformOFFICE:-Apache Open Office Product Description Writer
a word processor you can use for anything from writing a quick
letter to producing an entire book. Calc a powerful spreadsheet
with all the tools you need to calculate, analyze, and present your
data in numerical reports or sizzling graphics. Impress the
fastest, most powerful way to create effective multimedia
presentations. Draw lets you produce everything from simple
diagrams to dynamic 3D illustrations. Base lets you manipulate
databases seamlessly. Create and modify tables, forms, queries, and
reports, all from within Apache Open Office. Math lets you create
mathematical equations with a graphic user interface or by directly
typing your formulas into the equation editorApache Open Office is
synonymous with quality: The roots of Apache Open Office go back
twenty years, creating a mature and powerful product Many millions
of users Independent reviewers around the world have recommended
the productApache Open Office is easy to use: The software looks
and feels familiar and is instantly usable by anyone who has used a
competitive product It's easy to change to Apache Open Office - the
software reads all major competitors' filesApache Open Office is
free software: You may download Apache Open Office completely free
of any license fees Install it on as many PCs as you like Use it
for any purpose - private, educational, government and public
administration, commercial... Pass on copies free of charge to
family, friends, students, employees, etc.HUMAN RESOURCE:-Senior
ManagementDepartments and Functions:-RCPL: - Reliance Communication
Ltd.RCIL: - Reliance Infrastructure Ltd.RWSL:-Reliance Web store
Ltd.RTIL:-Reliance Infratel Ltd.RISPL:-Reliance Integrated Services
Private Ltd.RCIL: - Reliance Communication Infrastructure Ltd.RNL:
- Reliance Nextlink Ltd.RIEL: - Reliance Infocomm Engineering
Ltd.FINANCE:-
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERACHY
SWOT ANALYSIS:-SWOT Analysis
Strength 1. Telecom Partner for INTERNET.ORG2. Flexible plans 3.
Good advertising 4. High brand visibility 5. Ability to attract
customers with various plans6. Low Entry Cost7. Commission
Structure8. Fast Activation Process9. Network10. Connectivity11.
Strong brand recognition12. Well Integrated operations13. Strong
distribution channel ( RWorld, FLAG Telecom)
Weakness1. Price competition from BSNL and MTNL 2. Branding
Image3. Distribution problem4. Limited product portfolio- Only
Mobile5. Lack of Competitive Strength6. Low ARPU compared to
competitors7. Weakness in Rural Market
Opportunity1. 4th Generation Network2. Fast expanding cellular
market 3. Latest and low cost technology 4. Untapped rural market
Preference of GSM over CDMA5. New Market, Vertical, Horizontal6.
Competitors` Vulnerabilities7. Low penetration Rates8. Global
expansion due to resource based acquisition of FLAG9. Huge GSM
subscriber base (76.67%) with economies of scale for GSM
operators
Threats1. Some people believe that Internet.org is against "net
neutrality"2. Saturation point in Basic telephony service 3. Mobile
Number Portability4. Market Demand5. Seasonality, Weather Effects6.
Increasing competition with domestic players7. Decreasing ARPU due
to competition8. High switching costs for customers to move to
GSM
Chapter 3Task AccomplishedAn income statement (US English) or
profit and loss account (UK English)(also referred to as a profit
and loss statement (P&L), revenue statement, statement of
financial performance, earnings statement, operating statement, or
statement of operations) is one of the financial statements of a
company and shows the companys revenues and expenses during a
particular period. It indicates how the revenues (money received
from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken
out, also known as the top line) are transformed into the net
income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been
accounted for, also known as net profit or the bottom line). It
displays the revenues recognized for a specific period, and the
cost and expenses charged against these revenues, including
write-offs (e.g., depreciation and amortization of various assets)
and taxes. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers
and investors whether the company made or lost money during the
period being reported.SERVICE INDUSTRY:-The service sector consists
of the "soft" parts of the economy, i.e. activities where people
offer their knowledge and time to improve productivity,
performance, potential, and sustainability, what is termed
affective labor. The basic characteristic of this sector is the
production of services instead of end products. Services (also
known as "intangible goods") include attention, advice, access,
experience, and discussion. The production of information is
generally also regarded as a service, but some economists now
attribute it to a fourth sector, the quaternary sector.Examples of
tertiary sector industries Entertainment Government
Telecommunication Hospitality industry/Tourism Mass media
Healthcare/hospitals Public health Information technology Waste
disposal Financial services Banking Insurance Investment management
FMCG Professional services Accounting Legal services Management
consulting Consulting Gambling Retail sales Franchising Real estate
EducationMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY:-It is the production of
merchandise for use or sale using labor and machines, tools,
chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may
refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech,
but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw
materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale.
Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more
complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances or
automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to
retailers, who then sell them to end users the
"consumers".Manufacturing takes turns under all types of economic
systems. In a free market economy, manufacturing is usually
directed toward the mass production of products for sale to
consumers at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is
more frequently directed by the state to supply a centrally planned
economy. In mixed market economies, manufacturing occurs under some
degree of government regulation.Manufacturing Industry
Categories:-Apparel Industry: All establishments producing clothing
and fabricating products by cutting and sewing purchased woven or
knit textile fabrics and related materials, such as leather,
rubberized fabrics, plastics, and furs. Chemical and Allied
Industry: All establishments producing basic chemicals and
establishments manufacturing products by predominantly chemical
processes.Electronic and Electrical Equipment Industry: All
establishments engaged in manufacturing machinery, apparatus, and
supplies for the generation, storage, transmission, transformation,
and utilization of electrical energy.Fabricated Metal Industry: All
establishments engaged in fabricating ferrous and nonferrous metal
products, such as metal cans, tin ware, hand tools, cutlery,
general hardware, nonelectric heating apparatus, fabricated
structural metal products, metal forgings, metal stampings, and a
variety of metal and wire products not elsewhere classified.Food
and Kindred Industry: All establishments manufacturing or
processing foods and beverages for human consumption, and certain
related products, such as manufactured ice, chewing gum, vegetable
and animal fats and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and
fowls.Furniture and Fixtures Industry: All establishments engaged
in manufacturing household, office, public building, and restaurant
furniture; and office and store fixtures.Industrial and Commercial
Machinery Industry: All establishments engaged in manufacturing
industrial and commercial machinery and equipment and computers.
This includes machines powered by built-in or detachable motors,
with the exception of electrical household appliances. This
includes power-driven hand tools.Leather Industry: All
establishments engaged in tanning, currying, and finishing hides
and skins, leath