Submitted 13 September 2019 Accepted 17 March 2020 Published 20 April 2020 Corresponding authors Songsong Zhu, [email protected] Ruiye Bi, [email protected] Academic editor Liang Gao Additional Information and Declarations can be found on page 15 DOI 10.7717/peerj.8934 Copyright 2020 Yang et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 OPEN ACCESS Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models Yutao Yang, Peiran Li, Songsong Zhu and Ruiye Bi State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the major cause of joint pain and disability in the elderly. It is mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. There are two main types of OA: natural occurring OA and secondary OA, mainly associated with aging and trauma, respectively. In this study, we established two OA models in rat knee joints to simulate the two types of OA, using the type II collagenase injection (CI) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), respectively. After intervention for 2–6 weeks, cartilage and subchondral bone changes were detected in histological staining, immunochemistry, and micro-CT. Results showed that both models with typical pathology changes of OA were successfully induced, while the development and severity of OA process in the models were different. In ACLT rats, the cartilage damage was milder, lasted for a shorter time, and subchondral bone reconstruction occurred earlier, compared with the changes in CI rats. The cartilage damage was secondary to subchondral bone change in ACLT rats, while subchondral bone change was secondary to cartilage degeneration in CI rats. In conclusion, the interaction between cartilage and subchondral bone is different between the natural-occurring and secondary OA models. These two models not only suggest potential different mechanisms of the two types of OA, but also provide new directions for OA treatment and prevention. Subjects Geriatrics, Kinesiology, Orthopedics, Pathology, Surgery and Surgical Specialties Keywords Osteoarthritis (OA), Naturally-occurring OA, Secondary OA, ACLT, Collagenase, Subchondral bone, Cartilage INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative joint disease, is one of the leading causes of disability in the elderly (Glyn-Jones et al., 2015). It is characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, and dysfunction of synovial membrane and surrounding structures (Lohmander, 2000). OA can be classified into two main types based on etiology: the natural occurring OA and the secondary OA. The natural occurring OA, or primary OA, is diagnosed in the absence of any predisposing event, but is associated with risk factors, especially age (Varela-Eirin et al., 2018). The secondary OA is associated with certain inducing factors, especially trauma (Kuyinu et al., How to cite this article Yang Y, Li P, Zhu S, Bi R. 2020. Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models. PeerJ 8:e8934 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8934
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