Comparing Classical and Operant Conditioning Type of behavior Source of behavior Basis of learning Responses conditioned Extinction process Cognitive aspects Biological predispositions Classical Conditioning Reflexive, involuntary behaviors Elicited by stimulus Associating two stimuli: CS + DCS Physiological and emotional responses Conditioned response decreases when conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone Expectation that CS reliably predicts the UCS Innate predispositions influence how easily an association is formed between a particular stimulus and response Operant Conditioning Nonreflexive, voluntary behaviors Emitted by organism Associating a response and the consequence that follows it Active behaviors that operate on the environment Responding decreases with elimination of reinforcing consequences Performance of behavior influenced by the expectation of reinforcement or punishment Behaviors similar to natural or instinctive behaviors are more readily conditioned