Comparative Genome and Proteome Analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Christian von Mering, Ivica Letunic, David Torrents, Mikita Suyama, Richard R. Copley, George K. Christophides, Dana Thomasova, Robert A. Holt, G. Mani Subramanian, Hans-Michael Mueller, George Dimopoulos, John H. Law, Michael A. Wells, Ewan Birney, Rosane Charlab, Aaron L. Halpern, Elena Kokoza, Cheryl L. Kraft, Zhongwu Lai, Suzanna Lewis, Christos Louis, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Deborah Nusskern, Gerald M. Rubin, Steven L. Salzberg, Granger G. Sutton, Pantelis Topalis, Ron Wides, Patrick Wincker, Mark Yandell, Frank H. Collins, Jose Ribeiro, William M. Gelbart, Fotis C. Kafatos, Peer Bork SCIENCE VOL 298 4 OCTOBER 2002 Presented by Leon G Xing
49
Embed
Comparative Genome and Proteome Analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Comparative Genome andProteome Analysis of Anopheles
gambiae and Drosophilamelanogaster
Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Christian von Mering, Ivica Letunic, David Torrents, Mikita Suyama, Richard R. Copley, George K. Christophides, Dana Thomasova, Robert A. Holt, G. Mani Subramanian, Hans-Michael
Mueller,
George Dimopoulos, John H. Law, Michael A. Wells, Ewan Birney, Rosane Charlab, Aaron L. Halpern, Elena Kokoza, Cheryl L. Kraft, Zhongwu Lai, Suzanna Lewis, Christos Louis, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Deborah Nusskern, Gerald M. Rubin, Steven L. Salzberg, Granger G. Sutton, Pantelis Topalis, Ron Wides, Patrick Wincker, Mark Yandell, Frank H. Collins, Jose Ribeiro, William M. Gelbart, Fotis C. Kafatos, Peer Bork
SCIENCE VOL 298 4 OCTOBER 2002
Presented by Leon G Xing
Why Anopheles gambiae?
• It is the principal vector of malaria
• It carries many other infectious diseases
• Malaria afflicts more than 500 million people
• More than 1 million people die each year from malaria
The Culprit
Why Drosophila melanogaster
• One of the most intensively studied organisms in biology
• Serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes
• Modest genome size ~ 180 MB• Its genome has been sequenced in
2000
Mosquito vs. Fruit Fly
• They diverged about 250 million years ago
• (Human and pufferfish diverged about 450 million years ago)
• Share considerable similarities• Half of the genes in both genomes
are interpreted as orthologs• Average sequence identity about
56%,
Mosquito vs. Fruit Fly
• Anopheles genome is twice the size of Drosophila
• Female Anopheles feeds on blood (Hematophagy), which is essential for egg development and propagation
• Viruses and parasites use Anopheles as a vehicle for transmission
Orthologs
• Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation
• Typically retain the same function in the course of evolution
Paralogs
• Genes related by duplication within an organism and have evolved a related but different function
Predict the function of a new protein
• A powerful approach is to use bioinformatics and domain database searches to find its characterized orthologs
• We know a lot about Drosophila but don’t know much about Anopheles
• Compare their genomes may deduce a lot of information
Drosophila melanogaster Genome
• The assembled and annotated genome sequence of 5 Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes is in GenBank
• It’s the collaboration between Celera and the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project
• Published in the March 24, 2000 issue of Science.