COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA WARS IN KOREA AND VIETNAM THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD THE COLD WAR.

C O M M U N I S T S T A K E P O W E R I N C H I N AW A R S I N K O R E A A N D V I E T N A M

T H E C O L D W A R D I V I D E S T H E W O R L D

THE COLD WAR

COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA

COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS

• Nationalists & Communists fought for control in China during 1930s

• Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII• After WWII, fighting continued,1946-1949

Communists Nationalists

Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi

Northwest China Southwest China

Soviet supported US supported

COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS

• Communists well trained in guerilla war• Communists promised land to peasants• 1949, Communists won the civil war• Nationalists fled to Taiwan

COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS

• 1. What two groups fought the civil war?

• 2. Who led them?

• 3. Who won the civil war and why?

THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT THE COLD WAR

• US helped Nationalists create new government• “Republic of China”

• Soviets helped Mao Zedong & his government• “People’s Republic of China”

• Communist China tried to expand power• Invaded Mongolia, Tibet and India

THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT THE COLD WAR

• 4. How did the superpowers take sides with the two Chinas?

• 5. Which side did each superpower support?

THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA

• Mao Zedong plans to rebuild China• Seized land from landowners, gave to

peasants • Created collective farms, communes• Land belonged to the group (no private

property)

• Took control of China’s industries• Increased production of industrial goods• Coal, cement, steel, electricity

THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA

• “Great Leap Forward”• Create larger, more productive farms• Take• Plan failed

• 1958-1961: famine killed millions

THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA

• Mao tried to revive revolution, “Cultural Revolution”• Goal: society of peasants & workers in which all were

equal

• “Red Guards,” militia of student-soldiers (teenagers)• “learn revolution by making revolution”• Shut down schools• Killed thousands that resisted• mostly intellectuals that were against revolution

• China in chaos• Factories shut down• Farm production dropped

• End of “Cultural Revolution”

THE COMMUNISTS TRANSFORM CHINA

• 6. What are changes that Mao made to China?

• 7. Why do you think the Revolution failed?

WARS IN KOREA AND VIETNAM

WAR IN KOREA

• Korea divided into 2 nations after WWII• North of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Soviets• South of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Allies

WAR IN KOREA

• 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea• US & other UN nations sent troops to help

South Korea• General Douglas MacArthur led the attack on

North Korea

• 1953: cease-fire• 38th parallel remains dividing line

WAR IN KOREA

• North Korea: Communist government• Strong army, tight gov’t control• Economic problems

• South Korea: dictators• US aid: helped economy grow• 1987 began elections

WAR IN KOREA

• 8. Describe the division of Korea?

• BrainPop: Korean War

WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM

• France had control of Vietnam for ~100yrs• Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, defeated French

after WWII• Ho Chi Minh received aid from Communists• US fearful of domino theory: if one country falls to

communism, surrounding countries will, too• Vietnam was split in two

WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM

North Vietnam South Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem

Communist, Non-Communist

Vietcong: rebel fighters

Support from China & Soviet Union

Support from US & Allies

WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM

• US sent troops to help Vietnam to prevent entire country from becoming communist• Many Americans opposed the war• Vietnamization:• US pulls out of the war, 1973

• North Vietnam overran the South• Vietnam still Communist today

WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM

• 9. What is the domino theory?

• 10. What happened in Vietnam after the United States withdrew?

• BrainPop Vietnam War

THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD

FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD

• After WWII, world is grouped into THREE “worlds”• First World: United States & Allies• Second World: Soviet Union & Communist Nations• Third World: developing nations of Africa, Asia &

Latin America

FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD

• Third World nations: serious problems from colonialism• Political unrest• Poverty• Lack of education• Limited or no technology

• Many tried to remain non-aligned, to stay out of Cold War

FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD

• 11. What problems did Third World nations face?

FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD

• Fidel Castro, a revolutionary overthrew Cuban government• Social reforms, ended elections, jailed/executed

opponents, censorship• Nationalized economy (took away private ownership)• US began trade embargo

• Gained economic support from Soviet Union• Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba• US & Soviet Union ALMOST went to war

FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD

• US supported dictator in Nicaragua• Government fell to Communist rebels• Led by Daniel Ortega

• Nicaragua began to support Communist rebels in El Salvador• US began to aid Nicaraguan rebels fighting

against communist• Civil war continued for 10 years

THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD