Communication

• 1. A Guide

2. Communication Communication is any way in which we, or any otherintelligent life form, express our feelings, emotions,ideas or anything else to one another. This can befrom any in any way, shape or form and changesfrom scenario to scenario. All communication isessential to achieving, progressing and helping.This icon takes you back These Buttons advance you This icon takes you back to the contents page 3. ContentsMethods of CommunicationBarriers to CommunicationTerminologyTechnologyRecord KeepingCredits 4. Effective Record keeping Record keeping is the process of collecting, assessing, monitoring and maintaining of someone's or an organisations information, whether it be personal or financial.What makes effective record keeping and what happens when it isntConfidentialityBarriers to confidentiality and the need for information 5. What is effective record keeping? Effective record keeping is; Secure where it is stored, how it is accessed. This means that placeswhere information is kept (filing cabinets ect) have ample physicalprotection from locks and doors out of public view. And that computerequipment that keeps data has secure physical and technological locksand passwords. Accurate in what is put in, this is the most important factor. Everyonecan make mistakes from time to time, but checking, checking andchecking again can ensure that the information to do take down andstore is fully accurate, and any other information about what washappening whilst you were recording (time, date, location). This helps inidentifying the situation. Confidential. Follow this link Easily accessed but only by the right people to make the service moreeffective and easy for the service user. Information is not there to betaken, stored, filed away into a distant filing cabinet as an ornament. Itmust be able to be accessed by everyone that needs it, yet still havingenough security to keep out anyone that has no business seeing it. 6. Effective record keeping Effective record keeping is making sure that informationacquired is acquired in the safest, clearest, mostconfidential way. But this is a very general sentence for amuch bigger subject. For a more detailed page as towhat is involved in Effective record keeping please clickthis link If records are not kept properly then the standard of servicewill suffer. In a childcare scenario; if a parent fills in anallergy form incorrectly then the subsequent potentialinevitability is that the child will be given said product.Professional places of work take record keeping veryseriously. In this case (note internet connection isrequired)A nurse was struck off because they werefound to not provide adequate effective record keeping.In the case they administered the incorrect drug to theincorrect patient, yet logged it down into the records as 7. Confidentiality Confidentiality is something that is widely used in any situation where a patient or service user is involved, most notably for children. It is (as defined by the International Organisation for Standardisation {ISO}) ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access. In Britain the data protection act helps to enforce this, with strict punishments for organisations, even government employees, who do not abide by it. The Data Protection Act Gives Individuals the right to know what information is held about them. It has 8 main principles. Child protection and confidentiality come hand in hand with each other. Due to the Children's Act 2004 it is essential for people dealing with children to keep the information as secure and confidential as possible. If a breach occurs then cases such as occur. Note internet connection is 8. Barriers to confidentiality and need for information There are two forces working against each other in thecare sectors. One is the need to protect peoplesinformation, for the individual, or for the organisation.And the need for organisations to be able to quicklyand easily access this information for beneficialpurposes. The problem is that each works against the other. So abalance must be struck, or sacrifices made wherethe protection of the individual is of upmost concern,higher than that of giving a fast service, which canstill have relatively easy access to the informationneeded. 9. Data Protection Principles Fairly and lawfully processed Processed for limited purposes Adequate, relevant and not excessive Accurate and up to date Not kept For longer than is necessary Processed in line with your rights Secure Not transferred to other countries without adequateprotection 10. Thanks to Ukpoliceonline.co.uk Dictionairy.reference.com Google.co.uk Amazon.co.uk English Dictionary online ISO The Guardian Medical news todayJo KelveyCreated on Microsoft PowerPointThe Funk Buttons Lisbon Maru 11. Barriers to Communication There are many different barriers to communication, changes or differences can be technological or social. Different social factors can change how we interact with one another. This can be for the better, or even for the worse. Age, race, religion, sex or any other factor can change how we communicate. 12. Social Communication Barriers Society plays a massive role in These Differences can be for the better, such as sign language helping to how we interact with one communicate with deaf people. But it another. It can change with can also be for the worse, such as just about any aspect of your religious differences in extreme cases person. can cause wars.ReligionGenderSocial StandingAgePolitical Views DisabilityRace Discriminations 13. Age Age can play an integral role in how we communicate, much like our social status, or ethnic origin, our age can set us widely apart from one another. For example our idiolect can be changed by our age, new younger terms and descriptions can be altered or totally created, and accepted as our language. The word gay was once used to describe the feeling of happiness or being joyous. These days it is used in place of homosexual, it is a widely accepted term that also be used in a derogatory or offensive way. This can create barriers because someone who is much older may not understand someone who is much younger than them, because of the terms used, or because of the fact they are from different eras that have different moral values and taboos. 14. Race Our race can be defined from the colour of our skin, our language we speak, what country we were born in, or what country we live in. Different countries have different moral values and laws, even different signs, symbols, expression, what is right and wrong to do in public. The differences are vast, and this can create a lot of problems when dealing with each other, we may think we are being kind, but it could offend someone from a different country. To overcome this we have developed over time international rapport with each other, we learn about each other, and it would be common courtesy to look up another country if you are to meet someone from it, or to at least re-assure them that you mean no offence by what you do, and you would expect them to do the 15. Discriminations Discrimination Is a serious problem, it has caused the worlds greatest atrocities and tensions, even wars. Simply because people judge others by their race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, disabilities anything and everything. And may dislike them or think otherwise of them because of it. We all judge, and try to see who people are and what they are about, it is in our nature. Tensions arise when people take action against this, be it something like the holocaust, or not employing someone because they are black, or a woman, or disabled. The difference between judgement and discrimination is when you actively treat someone differently because of their differences. To treat them just like you would treat anyone else, and not distinguish them apart from them, for any reason, is the way of overcoming discriminations, no matter what your personal views are. 16. Political Views Politics in any well developed country affects itsinhabitants greatly. It changes laws, taxes, immigration,road laws, drinking age, smoking laws, anything withinreason. Everyone has different political views, theydefine what we think is right and what we want tohappen. Barriers in communication can occur when peopledevelop a one sided view, that what they think is right,which can be productive for an effective political party,but not so effective when someone who has a certainpolitical view in a work environment does or doesn't dosomething because of it. Tension can then occur. It is perfectly ok for you to have your own views anopinions, but, especially in a care setting, it would bebetter to leave your views at home, specifically if they 17. Religion Religion can play a massive role in how peoplecommunicate to each other. There is the spiritualcommunication that people believe they have with god,but also the physical, where communities are broughttogether through it, or torn apart, and can help people tounderstand each other better, which communicatingplays a massive role in. 18. Gender Men and women are different, we have similarities, but the way in which we communicate is something that can separate us. Our very nature as a human being, more specifically our gender can affect how we communicate. This can go back as far as human history itself. Where men took on the dominant role, protecting, gathering and generally being the alpha. Women on the other hand took on the protecting, nurturing and caring side. Whereas these attributes can cross over between each gender these days, as study by a book called Why Men Don't Listen and Women Can't Read Maps, shows that women still predominantly take on these characteristics, and men in general want to be the alpha, the bold and strong type. This can affect how we work in any environment, be it care setting, or a business setting. 19. Social Standing Class divides affect the way we communicate, in a fundamentally discriminatory way. Our job, income, house size, car model, clothes, jewelry, area we live in or even background can divide people. Seen less and less these days class divides still happen, and it can affect how one person talks to another. Even your social standing can change how you talk, your accent, vocabulary. 20. An accent is how your voice sounds when younaturally talk, this can change because of how youwere brought up, your peers, or where you live.Idiolect as it is called can be something such as aLondon accent, or it can be because of your peersand music tastes. This can be hard for people tounderstand each other. 21. Someone from a poorer background may be lesseducated, as is abhorrent in some societies. Thusthey would have less of a vocabulary than someonefrom a rich background. But this is a generalizationand can appear in any social situation. Just likeaccents, this can affect how we understand eachother. 22. DisabilityOur disabilities can affect our communication dramatically in somecases. This can be something as small as a speech impediment,which can affect you, or it can be as large as losing your sight orhearing.Below are a few examples of what can affect your communication Deaf BlindLoss of speechPhysical or mental disabilitiesand how. or impedimentsTechnology involved in disabilities 23. Disability Technology Computing aids. Such as roller ball mice for computers, large text or print on books or websites. Large button keyboards. These help people with severe physically impairing disabilities. Such as Cerebral Palsy. Medical breakthroughs. There is always research into new ways to deal with disabilities, mental, physical, sensory. Be it through new technology, or through the use of medication. Hearing aids. These are a widely used aid to people with hearing problems, recently they have become smaller, lighter and less easy to spot. Simple glasses. Many people use glasses, a (relatively) simple technology to aid in sight. Technological advancement improves the quality of glasses greatly. Speech recognition technology has come a long way since its inception, it has been used in programs to help people who cannot type for any reason, such as some cases of dyslexia. 24. Blind People who are blind have in some way lost their sight, whether they were born with it or not. This can create major barriers both in their personal lives, and in dealing with people. The obvious is that people who cannot see are at risk of walking into dangers without realising, eating things that could harm them. Or not being able to read signs or menus. Or if they needed to sign a contract, they can be very helpless. To combat this we have seeing eye dogs for the blind, Braille, or simply people who would read it out for them. 25. Speech Impediments Speech impediments or loss of speech can be froma traumatic experience, an accident, poordevelopment, anything. Speech as a form ofcommunication can be essential in our day to daylives, we can get on and not talk to one another,but at some point talking to someone is essential.A lack of this ability can cause major problems. Itcan cause frustration with people who don'tunderstand why they cant (or wont) talk, or theperson themselves who want to expressthemselves but cannot do so. Medical breakthroughs, psychological counselling,even simple written words, speech machines (e.gprofessor Hawking) all help to alleviate this 26. Physical or Mental Disabilities People who are physically disabled might have aperfectly working brain, and are perfectly aware oftheir surroundings and what is going on, sounderstand when you are trying to communicate.But their bodies may not let them express this,through one reason or another. This can causeproblems because they know what they want tosay, yet the person on the receiving end would notknow what to make of this. Causing Frustration forboth parties. Mentally disabled people howevermay be physically normal, but do not know of, orknow how to express these emotions. Recognising this at an early age with teaching andunderstanding or technological solutions can help 27. Deaf Being deaf or losing your hearing can drasticallychange your life, whether you were born with orwithout it, much of what we understand, learn andenjoy is through sound, it is an integral but notessential part of life. Overcoming this can be done inmany different ways. 28. Methods of communicationThere are many methods to communication. 2 large categories theycan be split into are, technological methods of communication, andmethods of dealing with disabilities. There's also regular methods tocommunication, like speech, or ones that may not be used asregularly such as letters.TechnologyDealing with DisabilitiesRegular MethodsWritten 29. Written Written communication these days is seen as a more formal affair, but can be very informal. Formal; Bank statement, letter of resignation, letter of complaint, letter to a business or client Informal; Post it note, thank you letter, birthday (or any holiday) card Using the appropriate communication method in the right situation is in some cases common sense (You wouldnt resign from a job with a post it note would you?), but formal written communication does take a certain level of knowledge in writing one.Bad Example of a formal letterWhat to watch out for when choosing written 30. Choosing Communication If you are to choose a way to talk to someone youmust assess a few factors. The recipient, are they a friend? do you know them?What is their rank compared to yours? The subject, is it serious news? Is it business news?Is it a joke? Is it a party invite? The urgency, does it need to get there now? Is itworth a formal letter taking 1 day or a less formal e-mail taking 2 minutes? In most cases it will just come to you, and if you knowthe person it will be easy to choose, so long as it iseffective in its message. 31. Bad formal letter Deer Sir or MadamI have wanted to you to work as a (space to insert the jobtitle) from an early age as you are a big prestigiousemployer that lots of people want to work for and youoffer high salaries. I also would like to work in anothercountry and you are a global company.Hoping to hear from you shorty.This has poor or no spelling or grammar. Regards, As well being extremely short for a letter ofthis subject. Would you employ this man? Frank 32. Ancient CommunicationSome forms of communication we have used, and still use since we first started to talk, or to live together. These are things such as speech, body language, eye contact or touch. Or even old sometimes outdated methods that have been replaced by newer technologies that can render them useless. They are split into two categories.VerbalNon Verbal 33. None Verbal Body language The way we hold ourselves, the way we move, talk, listen, look, breathe, anything our bodies do can give something off to the other person about what you are feeling or thinking. For example someone not looking whilst someone is talking to them shows that they are disinterested or feel uncomfortable with the subject. Eye movement Posture Breathing Active listening 34. Verbal Verbal communication is anything where you speak to them, either directly or indirectly. The way we do this is also an indication of how we feel, what we think, whether we actually want to be saying this, or whether we are very interested in the conversation. This comes hand in hand with our body language. Tone of voice Accents Vocabulary Exclamation 35. Dealing with DisabilitiesThere are many different types of technology available these days for dealing with disabilities. They can be age old methods that are so effective they need no replacement, or old technology that can be made more effective, smaller, cheaper, more useful to the user.This link takes you to the disabilities pageExamples of technology that deals with disabilities 36. Terminology There are many different types of terminologyused today. Terminology, as defined by theEnglish dictionary, is the system of termsbelonging or peculiar to a science, art orspecialized subject. Basically words that anorganization uses in it own organization. In everysection of Care in England there are literally100s of short hand, abbreviations and jargonterms. If you are to work with someone in thatsector or working in the sector itself its almostessential to get some knowledge or training interms. Examples of Terminology or jargon as it is 37. Examples of terminology Police jargon can be any term that the police themselves use, and is specific to the police, it can be a slang term that is used to describe a scenario, or it can be a short hand or abbreviation of a word that they use. For example; they use the term MOP to as an abbreviation for member of public. This MOP can be referred to as a 100 yard hero, who is someone that shouts abuse at a police officer from a considerable distance away. An EMI home is one that's classed as an elderly mentally infirm house. This means that the residents inside the home must receive certain care provisions to assist them in this. The CQC is a short hand term for the care quality commission, a very key organisation in any care setting. The PALS are an organisation who work in NHS hospitals and surgeries with the patient as a Patient Advocacy and Liaison Service. They are there to be the patients legal voice, filling out forms or taking part in legal proceedings on behalf of the patient. 38. Barriers They can create Terminology between partnerships or with themembers of public can create barriers tocommunication. Whereas the terms can be to protectthe information being discussed in the presence ofpeople near them, or to make communicatingbetween each other faster. It does mean that peoplewho genuinely need to know the information cannotunderstand it, or that it means something else intheir jargon. This can create problems withcommunication. 39. How we use TechnologyTechnology and communication, in the modern era,work hand in hand to create a more productiveand efficient way for us to talk to each other, sendeach other information, and to generally make ourlives easier, or more enjoyable. However, mosttechnology has its barriers. Examples of technologyTechnology Dealing with Disabilities 40. Examples of technology Computers, can include; desktops, notebooks, laptops, tablets. Computers are an integral part of modern life, enabling us to create things, and run programs, train, learn, have fun, all on one machine. These can be portable. Phones, can include; landline, mobile, smart phone The creation of the mobile telephone revolutionised telecommunications. They grow ever more clever and advanced as time goes on, being able to do more and more, smart phone for example are just like mini computers. There are also other forms such as; TV, Radio, projectors, DVD, internet The Internet is a powerful tool, having access to millions upon millions of websites dedicated to anything and everything, with easy to use search tools such as Google, the information is right there in front of you in seconds.