COMFTF-05 PPT.comparison and Contrast

8/14/2019 COMFTF-05 PPT.comparison and Contrast

1/40

COMFTF-05COMFTF-05Comparison andComparison and

ContrastContrast

Dr. David F. Maas


2/40

Comparison and Contrast

Similarities an Differences

Two places

Two persons

Two Ideas

Two Situations resemble or differ fromeach other.


3/40


Differs from the analogy

Comparison is literal/not figurative

Oranges are compared to oranges rather

than the sun to gold.


4/40


Generally the writer recognizes three kinds

of purposes for which the comparison and

contrast may be made:


5/40


Present information about one item relating it to another itemwhich our audience is familiar.

United States Congress

British or Canadian Parliament Israeli Knesset

Knowledge of American Congress helps understandunfamiliar characteristics of the British Parliament

Domestic hog Arkansas razorback

South American Peccary


6/40


Inform about both items treating them in relationship tosome unifying principle applying to both

Two novels: Conrad: The Secret Sharer /Baldwin:Go Tell It On The Mountain.

Unifying Principle:

Theme

Plot

Imagery

Character,etc.


7/40


Compare and contrast two items for

purpose of informing about general

principle. Christianity and Buddhism

Christianity and Islam


8/40


Belief in Deity

A. Islam

B. Christianity

Belief in Afterlife

A. Islam

B. Christianity


9/40


Approach to God

A. Islam

B. Christianity

Beliefs about punishment and retribution

A. Islam B. Christianity


10/40


11/40


Four Ways of Presenting Material Using


Fully present one item Fully present other

Make continuous references to points of

comparison and contrast. If 2 points fairly obvious (Pharisee and Publican)

Simple A/Bpattern


12/40


In the second pattern, we present a part of

one item and then a part of the second in

relation to the corresponding part of the firstitem, until we have touched on all the

relevant parts. This method is most useful

when a great many details are involved.


13/40


Communism/Capitalism

A1/B1

A2/B2

A3/B3

A4/B4


14/40


. We may present one item fully, and then, inpresenting the second, refer, part by part, to the firstitem which has been fully developed. In the Bruce

Catton story Grant and Lee, this method oforganization seems to predominate:

A/

B1

B2

B3

B4


15/40


. In the fourth method, when general principles reinvolved, the writer can move from a statement ofprinciple to the process of comparison and contrast,

or reversing the method, move through the processtoward the principle. In Cattons story, paragraphs14 and 15 illustrate this process.


16/40


X

A/B Y

A/B

Z

A/B


17/40


Four Guides for Writing a Paragraph of Comparison

Select as subjects for comparison two or more membersof the same general class. If your purpose is to explain

something unfamiliar, compare it to a well-known thingof its kind.

Example: Well known - U. S. Congress

Less knows - British Parliament


18/40


Select for specific comparisons the main features (the

main unifying principles) which the two subjects have in

common:

A. Number of Houses

U.S. - 2 Senate / House of Representatives

British - 2 House of Lords / House of Commons


19/40


B. Membership

U.S. Senate: Geographical Region

House of Representatives: Population Density

British: House of Lords: Nobility

House of Commons: Population Density


20/40


C. Number of Parties - generally 2

major ones:

U.S. Republican / Democrat

British: Conservative / Labor


21/40


It is to the writers advantage to integrate

the discussion by comparing the features

one by one. Dont describe the BritishParliament as one topic and the U.S.

Congress as another topic.


22/40


Point out any characteristics that are

unique in one or the other of the subjects

being compared. For example, in theHouse of Lords, the members (aristocrats)

receive the appointments for life, but they

do not have the power that the U.S. Senatehas.


23/40


4. Select the arrangement that will provide thehighest degree of coherence and the most appropriateemphasis. Common alternatives include:

A. Grouping together the features that have thegreatest similarities.

B. Then grouping those which have the greatestdifferences.


24/40


C. Reversing A and B.

D. Discussing those features in

climatic order (from greatest to the least orfrom least to the greatest) regardless of the

amount of resemblance or difference.


25/40


Possible Topics for Comparison/Contrast

Essay

Magna Carta/Constitution Catholicism/Protestantism

Two People you know

Poor relatives/Rich relatives

Jack Uptight/Joe Downloose


26/40


Schools for Men (or Women) only/CoedSchools

A students life at home and in a dormitory My mothers temperament / my fathers

temperament

Nicotine/Alcohol

Liberal Arts Education/Scientific Education


27/40


Comparison/Contrast Guidelines & LessonPlan

Keep in mind that with aComparison/Contrast essay you may eitherfocus on comparing your chosen topic,contrasting them, or both. The choice is

yours.


28/40


(17) Comparison/Contrast essays can

answer several questions.

Is X better than Y? How are X and Y similar or alike?

How are X and Y different?

How are X and Y both similar anddifferent?


29/40


Be sure your essay attempts to answer the

above four questions. It is a good idea to

summarily express the answer to thequestions of your choice as your thesis

statement.


30/40


Keep These Points in Mind

Only similar items can be compared or contrasted.

The Comparison/Contrast must rest on a clear definite basis

which his best expressed in the thesis. The Comparison/Contrast must show likenesses and difference in

order to make a point.

Both parts of comparison contrast receive roughly equaltreatment-within and among the separate points.


31/40


The comparison/contrast must be supportedand clarified through examples.

The comparison/contrast must follow eithera block or point-by-point pattern. The key is tobe consistent with the pattern of development.

With Point-by-Point Pattern of

Development, you have the choice of each pointbeing a separate paragraph or having eachcompared/contrasted point combined into a

paragraph


32/40


With the Block Pattern of

Development, again each separate point

may be its own paragraph, or all of thepoints on each side of the

comparison/contrast may be a single

paragraph.


33/40


Comparison/Contrast Planning Sheet

1. What two items are being compared

and contrasted in this paper? 2. Who is the audience for this paper?

3. List three to five similarities and three

to five differences in the two items beingcompared and contrasted.


34/40


Similarities:

Differences


35/40


4. Write down the order in which the

similarities and differences will be

discussed. 5. Choose one of the two basic

outlining patterns which follows


36/40


Comparison/Contrast Outlining Formats

Block Format

I. Introduction (Introduce to your audience thetwo subjects being discussed in this piece, giving

any necessary description of the items. Include inyour introduction the bases of comparison/contrast(the unifying principle) by which the items will beanalyzed.


37/40


II. Body

A. Subject 1

1. Point A

2. Point B

3. Point C

B. Subject 2

1. Point A

2. Point B

3. Point C


38/40


III. Conclusion (The conclusion

comments on the findings of the analysis,summarizing the main points and

sometimes insinuating the writers bias

based on the findings.)


39/40


Alternating Block (Point-by-Point)

I. Introduction (Sam as Block Style)

II. Body

A. Point A

1. Subject A

2. Subject B

B. Point B

1. Subject A

2. Subject B


40/40


C. Point C

1. Subject A

2. Subject B

III. Conclusion (Same as Block Style)

COMFTF-05 PPT.comparison and Contrast

Documents