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Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

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Page 1: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

!"#$ % & '(& ) *+',*.-/'0& 1 243 5/*76 298:';8=< 8>'/? @

A 8>B 24@ C 6 ) A B 6 )ED 8:) ';%

F GH JIKLM"NJOPRQ S=UTVSXWY="NZ [ =\IK^]_9`4]baO!\__]

cedfhgjilkmngoqpsrutvxwyxzH|bO~vxpn~hwruv zHr~hrut~u~h~hp[s~b~hp[~hprznKyxvru[~znp[t[znw~u~hwb p[w~nbHzHv [w>tnr~r~hrnRwu~ruwwuvxp[w vxznyxy[[yxzHr~hyxznw~:[vx~vn~hpz [p[ruv pn~hp~zHrnRRznwR[w~hznw:rut~¡yxvx tJr:wu ~n¢Yt~¡~hznwuu~h~hpruwy~hzHyewutlO~hrut[~wb~~hzn£znpruzHn~n=u~n~w~¤vxznw~h[v~nb~zHruv p¡vxruteyxjy znu~hwvxwruznp[~hwln~Rp[ p¥¦vxznw~hnb~zHruvx p¡vrutyxzHn~Yy znu~hwuv§wruznp[~hwt ~¥zn~Rrznp[wuv§b~h[znp[~:znKyxv¨[~Rznw[w~hr~h p[wr©zHr~Rrut[~RznHznpruzHn~n[wuvxp[znpn¥ªznsznw¡z«¬~rzjn vx­~hwuvxwruvn~yx zn[vxpnrut~u~h~hvn~v[vxrun

®¯>°n±² ³j´:³hµ±² ¶¸·¹»ºj¼´¾½©¿³l´ª±

Page 2: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

"!#%$&('*)*!&+-,.&(/0)*120/3+547698:1;</>=?/3+-8@6*' AB=?/0$3)*/0/0=#6

CDEC FHGJILKNMPORQLSUTWVYXZORXMS([\U]^`_W^ E 3baEc dfecgh dRjiklm ^ l d ^En cporqmc ^ tscu jvN dHE ]^ cw cwx ^E^ c 3qyc ^ z d| ]^ it~ `E ]^ xc ^Jn~ |c ^ 3EcxsHx ] p d ^ ic ^ qyc ^ z dRl 3h:sv`?ec ic >jtikEc ^ trc`vNsH ] ~ dctu gwEqmcxisH ] ~ h>brWmwpvRRx ^ qm ^ l dc c ^ s cxitcxp ^ tric ^ xitisl 9itcx*h>brWrm RpjchZxbic ^ ~ ^ iic ^ ¡H¢y|rZ£y W¤RgvN¥Ec : ¦¨§©ª" d* ] ^ lu cxc¢qR dts ] sqyc ^ « ^ sxcvt ] gx ] t¬cdz d%jc¢?ec ^ c­ ] q ] ®qm¨vLc ^ ` dRcic ^trcv`lEc 0 g¯sH°Zl n:^ c ] il dt cj ^ febU ]^^ cx~ ¥sHc?l ]^ U c ^ lkl vt ¢gqm¨vLc ^ sHc c ^ >jc¯trRc ^ tec ^ ¡W¢>r¦¤RY±²HHW d@yc¯Ec L d¥z´³gsµ dHRcecg jqy¨vNc ^ itcecxi

µ¶ c ^ cporWlR- c%qm¨vLc ^ sHc c ^ « ^ chql dbc cx ^ ¥E¨v·t¸> ]R^ c9vLcUxRcxp dcxh cU ] q ] jl® ] p dt¢cc ^ l d ^ ¡²:¹>º¶»b¼Y¦£W£Y±b R²H @ dRcUcpob dc ^ WlisHr ] ikl 9tq ] gL dcH ]R^^ c~ @E ]^ c¢½ ]^ cx ^E^ cxp ^ c?R ] dgL dc¥ ] p dtcc ^ l d ^ yvLc@ dc ^ sHWz dc( dc®bcw ^ tec ^x¾ ¯sHr ] ikl htq ] ~ hH¿UÀEc dRc- ] ÁcxRc ^ z d ^¾ < ] q ] ¸¿¢vN ] iÁ dRc ^ vtc-ib÷~ dĨ¦Ãr¿.q ] sHqycxWRxcjcÂsHb ] ikz d ^ l ¸@ c5cpob dc ^ WigsHr ] ikl Ptq ] <¸sµUÅzÆ:vtPiit¨vNc ] H dxi ] ikl ch dcWc¬Ä ^ fert ]^^ cx~ hÃu¨vR dRc ] p dtcc ^ l d ^¾ w ] dq ] xjw(R wqmticlYtLcbcxE ¾ gqW n z dc~ d- %sHqmcWcsl dt¥yc ÇvLcxcx dc( ] p dt%cxc ^ l ^ h dRcg ]^^ cx~ ]^ xcl

CDÇÈ ÉÂKUQMRQ|ÊLQNËÌMÍGÎV"Ï(XMRXVÀMWGÎQNÐÑÇ c _^ E cp ] q¦¡3¨v9t¬| ]^ cpWvLc@xcxp dc9 dcgq rRbcÒ@Ó|YÔLÕ½ÖÀ×ØÙH²<±~WÚ ^ cxp di n U dc`R:tsqycxxcLq ] 0ywl(Û¬Ü3Ý`itiExqycUÞ²:¹0º¶»u¼YYp½3cÚorqi ^ c0 dcq ^ sHc c ^ EqWcvNcsHr ] ikl cx¯ cq rRbc>vt w(¨jÜÝllß-sHÆNàJàt ] tWitWil¢WRcx­ c¯ic ^ Rbc ¾ LRk ]^E^ cu xªNitqqRgl dcEc ^ ecxtWiNE ^ dcÄl H* ]^E^ cx~ H¥ ]^E^ cu H¯Rá-sµ®|vtÄvN ] ch 5qR dbtrcdz ]^ l dt

µ` dc%i¨vLc ^ cLvLc%WÄsHchq ^ ics¥Rc _ t* dc% ] dâ ]^^ cx~ ?Ltxch dRcEc ^ ecx5tWi|cec ^w^ cxii n vNc~ @?vN n Y ] wRcx ^ c?Ecx*t ^ c?Ecx5~tÀxc:vLc] Rc ^^ ¸ dch d ^ cxEit· ]^^ cx~ ­l c%ikEc ^ trcl¦jsHc?R Wl ¥ c%WiNvLcd?vwNvNE ¾ ] ch c ^ cx~ ikEc ^^ Rkl ] Hs ] E W?ec<ycxcx· ] ch dsHqi _ cxqy~ lcx ] (cxsHE< ^ sHc@E ^ (l½ãäsHr ] xytxc:ic ^ p dt¬ic? ^ i n Rrc ¾

µ ] d ^å ª` ^ J dcx ^ rÃ

Page 3: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

Oscilloscope

Laser mount with TE-Cooler

Laser Diode

Collimating Lens, f 1

Function Generator

TE-Cooler Controller

Current Source

Trig

ger

Sig

nal

BN

C C

able

ThorLabs FGA10

³l·ª±\¼ºj·¾¶M·ª½±¾° ¿µx³j´³n° ¹¸º±¾¶»³s³hµ:¹¸ºj·¾½´n¶»³ ½Mºq²Jºj´º±½´¶ º±¾¶»³³jµ:¿ ² ³j±¾³n½±¾½u±¾³l´·¾½ J·¾¶ ±¾¶!£¶ ±#"º¼Jº$&%¶H±²('*)>³¼J¶»ºl·+!j³j¹ ±º,j½"º$¹¸ºh´-,j½"¹ ³£º¤´¾½ ·ª¶¸·¦±qº$½/.103246578'

lÃcwqiklxcgl trc( ]^^ cx~ d ^ ] 5wsµ®jc¸s­oRts ] s qmcxà qyc?à tWi@vN-Ec ^ ecx"l -* ]^E^ cu 5¨R´ßsµ

J?§ÄsÆ`àÎà?p°c5rc- dtl% c5i¨vNc ^ isHt « ^ dc5% ]^E^ cx~ ¬Ácp ¬ dRctrc¯ ]^E^ cx~ dHl:sµ « ^ dc(cÚob c 3½sHc? ]^ csc~ dx ]^ cwitcx ^ qyc ^ l dt9cÚob ?vLc(Wc< c(sHr ] ikl sHqif ] cl>µ` j c ] qqyc ^ cÞá ÆNàÎàpRvLc(t ¾ ccU n iqRqwÀ dc3tWi¡~ ] Lcec ^ cUJ d ^ dtÀ c3WiWlqmcvE d ^ cx ^ ] ß:-Æ`àÎàÁµ` ­ c¬itvLc ^ cx·vNc9 ] it E itijc cx ­ dcsb ] il dc·EWliz %sb ] il dt-sHqif ] c@/:%sÆ`àÎà°cHscx ]^ cx5 dcHsb ] il dt9tcpo-« ^ ^ ccfâÀc ^ cx~ 3sHr ] ikl ­sqRit ] cj%« ]

; < ß= ?>~¨(@BAx« ^ H¥sÆ`àÎàwsb ] il dt; < ?C=:D>¨B@BA?« ^ HsÆ`àÎàwsHr ] ikl ; < ~§E=:D>¨ @BA « ^ h´ß::Æ`àÎàgsb ] il dt

vc ^ cw dcwsHr ] ikl cÚo ; tjc _ cx¬

;F<HGIKJ LNMOGIQPSRGIKJTL

vt G mc: cwq r ]^^ cx~ ܯ?eb*c­ ^ ] dchq ^ cxitstW ^Jn scx ]R^ cxsHcx~ xvNc _ Wii n scx ]^ cx¦ dRc

sitiNtWi ^ cxEqmc< dtVUEql dbc cx ^XW cp ] qÀ¸°chcp chiklc ^ Rbc ¾ ¥kl ]R^^ c~ N d@(sHµ l­c:ß(sÆ`àÎà3sb ] il dt¥sHqif ] RcvLcxiivf dtH c3iRc? ^^ lc(« ^ cxf dc ^ qW ^ scp dc ^ jc ^ c ] if jRv<>t ]^ cUH%qWlc®r

µ ] d ^å ª` ^ J dcx ^ rÃ

Page 4: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

OscilloscopeLaser mount

with TE-Cooler

Laser Diode

Collimating Lens, f 1

Function Generator

TE-Cooler Controller

Current Source

Trig

ger

Sig

nal

Bias Resistor

RL

Bias Voltage

ThorLabs FGA10

Signal

Ground

Reference Signal

H½Xu³ ·¾½u±° ¿µx³j´ ³n°J¹»ºh±¾¶»³³hµ¹»ºl·ª½©´ n¶»³ ½º$ q²Jºj´º±¾½©´¾¶©ºh±¾¶»³ ³hµ¿ ² ³h±³n½u±½±³j´¡·¾½ ·¾¶ ±¶!H¶ ±#"sº¼Jº$&%¶H±²(' ¼ ¶¸ºj· !j³j¹ ±º,j½º$ n¶½´½ £±¹ ³£ºs´¾½ ·ª¶¸·ª±º$ u½©·?. 2D65 &5 =º/578'

CD ÉÂKUQMRQ3VYQLÐUÏwSUVÀMGÎÊLX Ï(XMRXVÀMWGÎQNÐjc%dlschsHc? ]^ csc~ dW?ec%ycxcxÄqyc ^ « ^ sHcx« ^ 9Eiu i n tâmc ^ cx~ cporqyc ^ sHcx~ icp ] qÀ½vtÂt(¨vÂt5> ]R^ cHrÑÇ- dt(c ] qvNc ^ cpec ^ cklcx- dRcHqR dbtrcvt g/:jƸl c ^En wEcLfâÀc ^ cu it~ ^ cxtE ^ 3c dRcRc dc wWRRvR ]R^ ql dbc cx ^ ¬µ¯:it9l@ dci~l ^ cJ d ^ dRc¢bc ¾ ®?qWlxt dc ^ c dRc¬WRRvR itsf dt9Þ ^ `vNc¬?xi ] ikz dch dc¬q rcp dc d ^x¾ ¢ WRRvR ¬l«ii¨v

! A #" < %$ & J¨

' Rxc¢ dRchbc ¾ ¥~ ^ R?qxf ch¥ycxt ^ c ] xc·t dchqR dbx ] p dtecsHrc9Þ¡ cl ^ cec ^ cxÄ@sHrRc¨p|vNchcÚoRqycxp dcÄ c¢ql dbc cx ^ 9 ] qmc ^ « ^ sB ]R^^ c ] if d­ ^ s dc _W^ J hqW ^ ¢( c9cporqyc ^ sHcx~ -«ác Âkjik ^ c¬it~ ^ cxEJ c¨ÚãUcx ^ cxt< ci~l ^ cxEE dc n Esc ^ c ^ ®lNsf ] Rc¥ ] i5xicx ^ i n t ^ c?Ec dRccp dc d ^x¾ WlRvr dN«ii¨vt*)( ] l dtÁ·jRc¬ql dbbc ¾ ¥s ] Þ ]^ c ^x¾ Wl dRcxc *( ] dcL c¯trRc ¾ xqWt dxc3 dgmc¯wqWÂl N ^ cec ^ cUeif c:gÆ:W ^ el ^ t ] ¥xcl¯it~ ^ ctE lxcxNvLccÚorqmc dc dRc%«ii¨vt9 ] xsHc¢« ^ dRcWRRvR

! A #" < C= §ÃrÜ3Ý + < ®Û¬¿! A #" < lR =twÃbÜÝ + , < ¥Ãb¿

µ ] d ^å ª` ^ J dcx ^ rÃ

Page 5: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

Fr equen cy (H z)

10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5

Si g

nal A

m p l

itude

(d B

)

-1 2

-9

-6

-3

0

Ph ot odiod e direct in to 1M Ω sc op e input Photod iode bi as ed at 9V & direct in to scope Photod iode bi as ed at 9V & into 20 k Ω l oad resistor Photod iode bi as ed at 9V & into 20 0 Ω l oad resistor

B ´½£° ½ T"´¾½ ·ª¿³·ª½\³hµ !ºh´¶»³j°J·:¿ ² ³h±³n½u±½±³j´ u³,j°J´ºh±¾¶»³J·3.² ³l´Kºh¼J· "¯ 2 "ºj¯:·¿ ²J³h±¾³n¶»³n½X7T' H² ³ %¶¸·=±¾² ½"µx´½£° ½T" ½¿½ n½£±Oº$¿ ¹»¶ ±°n½´½©·¾¿³J·¾½O³jµK±² ½ n½u±½u±¾³j´>·¾½u±° ¿('! A #" < lE=t®Û¬Ü3Ý + < ¿

> ]^ cÂRv¢ c¬ ] dscU c ¢(sHc? ]^ cscu x.ÑÌ ¢~eb ] ` dWz dRcH ]^ ecx® ¾ w«iitvZ c¥ dc ^ cp dxiq ^ cxt dt¥jc ^ ii âm¯Ecxcs d% ÃlcHqRikcl dcdsHc ^ c ( ] cxR n ¨ÂÃbÜÝ?sl c ^ vWl ­x _ ]^ z d·vLc*cl jtRxl dc- Wl ( cWRvtR d-vNw witsf dc9 n dccp dc d ^ ½ ] gs ] J wW?ecHmccx ] cxRxcx n 5 dc ^ qcxcLc ( ] tqsc~ ? 'r] Eq ] Ei n cx ] Y dcs ] i0lN dRctrc@ ^ fec ^ txl dcw9¨hÃbÜÝWrvR 5« ^ t d(cÚob dc ^ WisHr ] ikl q ] w* dRcUEitv WrvR W qyEt dtv·? mc<cp ­Ä dcWø dc<J ^E] sc~ ?PjtRcxc5vN( dcq ^ cxEc g« ^ ]^ RE ^E] sHcx~ ?vtcÚorqikt( dc ] dâm(« ^ dRcH ^ qRvt < ¬¿ ĬÃb¿U*jchl dc ^ ÇvL5E ] itW?ech¦9s ] ¦it¨vNc ^ qy~ ?½x ^ R< ¬)( ] l ÄHµ` ® wqy~ ?Ñ ¾ @¨ec­%br-cÚoRqRikWz d-« ^ dR ^ cx ] it x \ cHcporqiklWl dt5x ] ityc dWl g dRcqR dbbc ¾ w ] ~ ^ cxEE ^ Wc dRcweli ] c(½ dcwcpâÀc dfecgi~l ^ cxEJ c

3cp Ãut c­sHc? ]^ csc~ d®« ^ < <¿ ¸lÃb¿"vt dRc­trc ¾ ® ^ fec ^ ² ½?,j´qºh¿ ²· u³£±ºh¶ ¶&,º6 ·-ºj¹ ½ %½©´¾½N,j½ ½´qº±½¼"­ºh¿J¿ ¹"H¶&, ±¾² ½Mµx³j¹»¹»³ %¶&,±¾´qº$J·ªµx³j´-º±¶ ³

¹ ³, ."!37 &%²J½´½#!9¶¸·=±¾²J½4½ ºj·¾° ´½N ³j´-ºh¹»¶©½¿½ º ±³ ¿½ º/³n° ¹¸º±¶ ³Mº¿J¹ ¶ ±¾° ½'

µ ] d ^å ª` ^ J dcx ^ rÃ

Page 6: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

Freq uenc y (Hz)

10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6

Si g

nal A

mpl

itude

(dB

)

-3 0

-2 4

-1 8

-1 2

-6

0

9V reverse bias, 20 k Ω lo ad re si stor 9V reverse bias, 20 0 Ω lo ad re si stor

´½£° ½ T"´¾½ ·ª¿³·ª½\³hµ !ºh´¶»³j°J·:¿ ² ³h±³n½u±½±³j´ u³,j°J´ºh±¾¶»³J·3.² ³l´Kºh¼J· "¯ 2 "ºj¯:·¿ ²J³h±¾³n¶»³n½X7T' H² ³ %¶¸·=±¾² ½"µx´½£° ½T" ½¿½ n½£±Oº$¿ ¹»¶ ±°n½´½©·¾¿³J·¾½O³jµK±² ½ n½u±½u±¾³j´>·¾½u±° ¿('cpob c ^ i`sHr ] ikl 5q ] ¥cp : d UJ WRRvR W ^ cx ] it cx¦ dchWz ¬E¨v·t>t ]^ c¢ecx ] dRc­sHc? ]^ c RvtR dgÞii> ^ :L dc dRcx ^ c dt?ieli ] cxx c¥q ^ cxt dc5 cxRcx n Uic? ^ i n ebEitcgjc¥ ^ c ( ] c n ] dlâ« ^ dRc¥c ] q] E < H¿ itcxÞ ^ c ^ ] 3 dWl dRc@cg« ^, < HÃr¿U \ c ^ c?E¬« ^ dRct ^ cxqWlxtcx`yc ÇvLcxccÚoRqyc ^ sHcx~ liÀR¢ dc ^ cp dxieli ] cx ] it¢yc dRcUqmb ^ UEc W| ]^ qR dbc cxp d ^ « ^ cpoRsHqicl q n tHl cx~ dth dE ^ n ?lqWxf Rxcx3l 3l n^ z dc(°c:ct dRc ^U] Ecx- ]R^ Þc¥s ] u ^ cJ d ^ ( ^ ^ tcx9 ¢stsHÝcx<?Ric:itcx xµ¯iti½ dt<s ^ c(Wj HycwqR sHÝxc­ dtcecgszors ] sqyc ^ « ^ sc

Yc ] NxsHcUWà d: cUsHc? ]^ csc~ `vt < ®Ãr¿U½¥E ]^ c(q ^ qyc ^ qmc ^ dt<> c®RbcwikEc ^ vLc@sHc?l ]^ cx cgiRc? ^j^ cw0 cgbc ¾ kl3 ]^^ cx~ (l« ] R5 Wl g<J d ^ d(vNc ^ certtic¥yc ÇvLcxc¨%sµ Äßr´ßhsµ l ®-¨hsÆ`àÎàsHr ] ikl -tWi¡¬jc ^ cp« ^ cl0vNchEc : c¢® ]^^ cx~ ¥ d¨R §¬sµ « ^ ii«iit¨vsHc? ]^ cscu @l5« ] - dWl wvLc ] it5J dtii0cp dc @%Eil ( dRcH ] R dt-cxRc ^ d ^x¾ (sts ] s c ditc¥ ] dq ] gsHqif ] c®N¢sÆ:Àµ` ( c ] qqyc ^ c dRc¥c cx cxtWiJ ^ dc d<Rv RE ^ Rwl ®m ] H´§hÆ`àÎà­jc ^ c« ^ c|vLcHcH d<cp @ dRcsHr ] ikl %sHqitt ] c( d¬?HsÆ`àÎà dmcwvLcxiivt % dRc@sitiYWi ^ Rcg« ^ ]R^ ^ c ( ] cx n¸^ cqyc<sHc? ]^ cscu ¬«cxc<>t ]^ chl·p¦µ3¶ dc ^ sHc?l ]^ 9 c%sii

µ ] d ^å ª` ^ J dcx ^ rà ³

Page 7: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

Freq uenc y (Hz)

10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6

Pha

s e d

e via

t i on

from

driv

in g

s our

ce (

degr

ees )

-3 00

-2 50

-2 00

-1 50

-1 00

-5 0

0

50

10 0

9V reverse bias, 20 0 Ω lo ad re si stor 9V reverse bias, 20 k Ω lo ad re si stor

( ´½£° ½ T"´¾½ ·ª¿³·ª½\³hµ !ºh´¶»³j°J·:¿ ² ³h±³n½u±½±³j´ u³,j°J´ºh±¾¶»³J·3.² ³l´Kºh¼J· "¯ 2 "ºj¯:·¿ ²J³h±¾³n¶»³n½X7T' H² ³ %¶¸·=±¾² ½"µx´½£° ½T" ½¿½ n½£±:¿ ²Jºl·ª½"´½©·¾¿³J·ª½R³hµ¬±¾²J½ n½u±½±³j´>·¾½u±° ¿('tWi ^ cqyEc: dR¯qR dbcp dcxp d ^ c ] qÀvLc:cÚoRc- c ^ cxtE ^ vf d*hl¢¿cl>lqyc ^ « ^ sHcx- dRcHsHcHq ^ cxitsHW ^En scx ]^ cxsHcx~ dH°c« ] - dWz g cHiRc? ^^ lc« ^ c¯Rbc ]^^ cx~ `cÚob dcxRcx ] q d:l wsµ"ÞJ dtiiJ ^ dR:l ¨®sHµ@~vt­t dRc® ] dâ-Rkj ]^^ cx~ ¯« ^ qR dbbc Wcxc®5g« ^ ]R^ dRc ^ c ditpjc ^ cp« ^ clvLc:cp U dc@k ]^E^ cu ¯ d%Hsµ"¬« ] 9 dl ¯vLc:x ] i9Rc dc wWi|¯itv l@sÆ`àÎàwR%`th3ßr´gÆNàJà~rmcp« ^ c¯cxcl n J d ^ dtx|°Âc(li@scx ]^ cxh dRcsHr ] ikl ®cÚo:« ^ dt0cp ] ql 0 ÇvLwtâmc ^ cx~ sb ] il dt:lsqitt ] cx>W ^ dt0qW ^ 0 c@sHc?l ]^ cxsHcx~ ?vNc@c dc®sb ] il dt¢ ^ c ( ] cx n ¬¨ÜÝw d¢ ] ^ lu cxc®iRc? ^qyc ^ l dth| ]^ c cxp d ^ jRc ^ cx ] it d3 ^ cwj«iit¨v

; < = rR« ^ %wÆNàÎà®sHr ] ikl ; < = R« ^ :ÆNàÎà®sHr ] ikl

µ¯N ^ cx ] it LÀ cxEcUscx ]R^ cxsHcx~ xrvLc¯Rc¯®sHr ] ikl sHqitt ] c®sÆ`àÎà3« ^ ]^ Es­lii tWi Ç^ cqyEc¯sHc? ]^ cscu 3cxc¬t| ]^ cUH¬r

µ ] d ^å ª` ^ J dcx ^ rà ß

Page 8: Collimating - web.stanford.edulangrock/coursework/EE234_Lab_2.pdf · c% } W iNvLc d ?vw NvN E

CD KUX MTWÍÐUORG [@XÏ(ÍÐUVYXZÍ[(ËJGwX½TjcwiklE qW ^ 3| jiy ^ l ^En cporqyc ^ sHcx~ i ] Rcxh dcwctl0: ^ EsHqmcWcsHqi _ c ^g] E* dRcYmgÀ¢¼ 0²<±b ¦q sq¸l dc<Ò®Ó>YÔLÕ½Öm×ØÙH²<±~ÑÇwµ¯3 9 qR dbtrcl0µZcs­z dw½ dRjx ^ ] t jtj¨v<> ]^ cw³R

jc(relu dc ] t:g ^ ltsqyc

OP-AMP

PD

V

C

R

bias

F

F

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