- 13 - 〔植探報 Vol. 26 : 13 ~ 26,2010〕 Collaborative Exploration between NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service) for the Collection of Genetic Resources of Fruit and Nut Species in Hokkaidō and the Northern Tōhoku Region Hiroyuki IKETANI 1) , Kim E. HUMMER 2) , Joseph D. POSTMAN 2) , Hiroyuki IMANISHI 3) and Nobuko MASE 1) 1) Genetic Resources Laboratory, Research Support Center, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba 305- 8615, Japan. 2) US Department of Agriculture , National Clonal Germplasm Repository. 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521, USA. 3) Center of Field Education and Research , Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University . 6 Ogata, Ogata, Akita 010-0451, Japan. Summary From 7 to 25 September 2009, a collaborative exploration between NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS to collect genetic resources in Hokkaidō and the Northern Tōhoku region was performed. The investigated areas were mainly upper deciduous forest and subalpine conifer forest zones. The vegetation was mainly forests, but we also visited upland bogs and coastal vegetation to collect some particular plants. The expedition obtained 147 seed and plant samples representing 20 genera and 53 species. Collected genera were Actinidia , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Crataegus , Empetrum, Gaultheria , Humulus , Fragaria , Lonicera , Lycium, Malus , Mentha , Prunella , Potentilla , Pyrus , Ribes , Rubus , Sorbus , Vaccinium and Vitis . Key words: genetic resources, fruit tree, nut, Hokkaidō, Tōhoku Introduction Hokkaidō Island occupies a special position in the phytogeography of Japan. In the classification system of the world’s floristic regions 1) , Hokkaidō belongs to Sakhalin-Hokkaidō Province, while the other three main islands of Japan belong to Japanese-Korean Province. Both Provinces belong to the East Asiatic Region, Boreal Subkingdom, Holarctic Kingdom. Since Hokkaidō is the northernmost island of Japan and its climate is subarctic, it has many more plants in common with the Circumboreal Region (Northeastern Siberian Province, Okhotsk- Kamchatka Province, Canadian Province, etc.) than the other three islands. In addition, several of these plants are also distributed in the Northern Tōhoku region, mainly in the Ōu Mountains
14
Embed
Collaborative Exploration between NIAS Genebank and USDA ...26)_p1… · From 7 to 25 September 2009, a collaborative exploration between NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS to collect genetic
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
- 13 -
〔植探報 Vol. 26 : 13 ~ 26,2010〕
Collaborative Exploration between NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service) for the Collection of Genetic Resources of
Fruit and Nut Species in Hokkaidō and the Northern Tōhoku Region
Hiroyuki IKETANI1), Kim E. HUMMER2), Joseph D. POSTMAN2), Hiroyuki IMANISHI3) and Nobuko MASE1)
1)Genetic Resources Laboratory, Research Support Center, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba 305- 8615, Japan.2)US Department of Agriculture, National Clonal Germplasm Repository. 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521, USA.3)Center of Field Education and Research, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University. 6 Ogata, Ogata, Akita 010-0451, Japan.
Summary
From 7 to 25 September 2009, a collaborative exploration between NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS to collect genetic resources in Hokkaidō and the Northern Tōhoku region was performed. The investigated areas were mainly upper deciduous forest and subalpine conifer forest zones. The vegetation was mainly forests, but we also visited upland bogs and coastal vegetation to collect some particular plants. The expedition obtained 147 seed and plant samples representing 20 genera and 53 species. Collected genera were Actinidia, Chaenomeles, Corylus, Crataegus, Empetrum, Gaultheria, Humulus, Fragaria, Lonicera, Lycium, Malus, Mentha, Prunella, Potentilla, Pyrus, Ribes, Rubus, Sorbus, Vaccinium and Vitis.
Key words: genetic resources, fruit tree, nut, Hokkaidō, Tōhoku
Introduction Hokkaidō Island occupies a special position in the phytogeography of Japan. In the classification system of the world’s floristic regions1), Hokkaidō belongs to Sakhalin-Hokkaidō Province, while the other three main islands of Japan belong to Japanese-Korean Province. Both Provinces belong to the East Asiatic Region, Boreal Subkingdom, Holarctic Kingdom. Since Hokkaidō is the northernmost island of Japan and its climate is subarctic, it has many more plants in common with the Circumboreal Region (Northeastern Siberian Province, Okhotsk-Kamchatka Province, Canadian Province, etc.) than the other three islands. In addition, several of these plants are also distributed in the Northern Tōhoku region, mainly in the Ōu Mountains
- 14 -
and the Kitakami Mountains2). The participants from USDA, Kim E. Hummer (KEH), and Joseph D. Postman(JDP), had already explored Eastern Siberia and the Kurile Islands to collect fruit and nut genetic resources, and in 2003 they planned an expedition to Hokkaidō and offered to collaborate with NIAS Genebank. The first Joint Expedition was held in July 2004, mainly to collect Fragaria, Lonicera, Ribes and other small fruit genetic resources which bear mature fruits in this season. In 2008, American members planned a second expedition to collect Actinidia, Humulus, Malus, Pyrus, Rubus, Sorbus, Vaccinium and so on, the fruits of which ripen later than July. A non-funded cooperative agreement between NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS was drawn up, in accordance with the Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of their Utilization.
Methods The main purpose of this exploration was to collect mature seeds of wild genetic resources, and so it was important to find their native habitats. However, it is difficult to obtain detailed location information from publications (scientific reports, flora, field guides, etc.), so we started by gathering such knowledge from primary information sources, mainly herbarium specimens and personal communications with local botanists. Then we narrowed down candidate locations, selected several public forests and applied for permission to explore. For locations situated in special zones of national parks or quasi national parks, which are controlled by government regulations, we also applied for permission under those regulations. We also planned to collect from materials cultivated in botanical gardens and other facilities, since wild plants do not bear fruit every year. For these purposes, Japanese members, Hiroyuki Iketani (HIk), Hiroyuki Imanishi (HIm) and Nobuko Mase (NM), carried out preliminary field investigations in August 2008 (HIk), June 2009 (HIk and NM) and August 2009 (HIk and HIm). We finally planned the itinerary (Table 1), and the main investigation was conducted by both American (KEH and JDP) and Japanese (HIk and HIm) members from 8 to 25 September 2009.
Results and Discussion A total of 147 accessions of genetic resources representing 20 genera and 53 species were collected (Table 2), of which 29 were plant samples (living plants or cuttings) and 124 were seed samples. These samples were divided between the NIAS Genebank and USDA ARS collaborators. The Japanese portion was deposited in the Genebank of NIAS, and the US portion was deposited in the US/NPGS.Particularly interesting plants are outlined below.1)Crataegus chlorosarca (including C. jozana) This species is listed in the National Red List of endangered plants3) as “vulnerable” (= high risk of endangerment). It might have been a common species in the lowland swamps of Hokkaidō before reclamation began in the mid 19th century, but this habitat has greatly decreased and it is now difficult to find this species. Our investigation location, a national forest in Nanporo-chō, was originally a natural forest. It remains as a windbreak forest, although the
- 15 -
Table 1. Itinerary of the main investigation from 8 to 23 September 2009.
Fig. 1. Collection sites of genetic resources. The map was made with KenMap13).
Date Principal locality Main purpose
2009/9/8 Arrival at Sapporo (All members)
2009/9/9 Botanical Gardens, Hokkaido University (AM), Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (PM)
Cultivated plants (originally collected in Hokkaidō)
2009/9/10 Tomakomai University Forest of Hokkaido University
2009/9/11 Move to Niseko-chō (AM), around the foot of Mt. Nisekoannupuri (PM)
Vaccinium and other alpine plants
2009/9/12 North foot of Mt. Konbudake (AM), Shinsennuma Bog, Niimitōge Pass (PM)
Rubus vernus and other alpine plants
2009/9/13 Private gardens in Kucchan-chō (AM), Sapporo-shi Cultivated plants (originally collected in Hokkaidō)
2009/9/14 Forest and Forest Products Research Institute (AM), Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute (PM)
Cultivated plants (originally collected in Hokkaidō)
2009/9/15 Nanporo-chō (AM), Ukishima Shitsugen Bog (PM) Crataegus, Vaccinium2009/9/16 Monbetsu-shi (AM), Lake Saromako (PM) Vaccinium, Malus2009/9/17 East foot of Hidaka Mountains (AM), seashore of the
Pacific Ocean (PM)Mentha
2009/9/18 Hidaka-shichō (AM), move to Sapporo2009/9/19 Move to Aomori (KEH, JDP and HIk), north foot of
Hakkōda MountainsRubus vernus
2009/9/20 East foot of Mt. Ōdake (AM), Mt. Hachimantai (PM) Vaccinium, Prunella2009/9/21 East foot of Mt. Hachimantai (AM), Morioka-shi (PM) Sorbus, Prunella2009/9/22 Kitakami Mountains Malus, Pyrus2009/9/23 Mt. Chōkaisan, move to Tsukuba Rubus vernus, Vaccinium2009/9/24 NIFTS and NIAS at Tsukuba2009/9/25 Return to U.S. (KEH and JDP)
9/10
9/9,13,14 9/14
9/15
9/15
9/169/16
9/179/17‐18
9/19
9/20‐21
9/219/22
9/23
9/11‐13
- 16 -
surrounding area has been developed as agricultural land. As a result, the forest has become a refuge for native rare plants and has retained species richness, while other windbreaks, typically secondary forest, have not done so.2)Lycium chinense We found a small population near the seashore in Minatomachi, Rankoshi-chō. This plant is common in human areas except for Hokkaidō, where it is very rare. It is found only in the southern area where Japanese people had already settled before the mid 19th century, so it is thought to have been introduced from Honshū.3)Malus baccata var. mandshurica Unlike its distribution in the upper mountainous zone (1,000 - 2,000 m asl.) in Central Honshū4), in Hokkaidō it appears in coastal sand dune forests, especially in the Okhotsk Sea area5). In other areas we found only a few individuals through preliminary field investigations and this forest type may have decreased, so we chose to visit Lake Saromako where a large population was found.4)Rubus vernus This is an endemic species distributed from Central Honshū and the Northern region, mainly on the Sea of Japan side. In Hokkaidō it is very rare and found only in the southern area. However, since it grows in upper mountainous and subalpine zones, it is native unlike Lycium chinense. The northern limit is Mt. Shakotandake6). We investigated a small population on Nimitōge Pass in the Niseko Mountains.5)Sorbus x kawashiroi This is a natural hybrid between Sorbus alnifolia and S. commixta originally discovered in the Okhotsk area7). We collected samples from a cultivated tree in the Botanical Gardens of Hokkaidō University that had perhaps been propagated from an original individual.6)Pyrus ussuriensis This formerly ambiguous species was recently proved to be truly native to the Kitakami Mountains8) in Iwate Prefecture, however, the extant populations are very small9). It was listed in the National Red List of endangered plants3) as “critically endangered” (= extremely high risk of extinction). Most recently, the majority of individuals were proved to be introgressed with Pyrus pyrifolia10). Therefore we selected several trees having the true native genetic structure from the data in reference 10 and collected from them.
Future prospects Through the two collaborative explorations we were able to collect many native wild fruit tree genetic resources from Hokkaidō. We will evaluate the characteristics of the collected germplasms in parallel with maintaining and propagating them. These will be valuable materials for evolutional biology, ecology, and physiology studies, as well as horticulture and breeding.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr. H. Nakai of Sapporo city, Mr. H. Igarashi of Chitose city, Mr. Y. Ueno of Shiroishi city, Mr. Y. Horii of Daisen city, Mr. N. Numakunai of Fukushima city, Dr. T. Azuma of the Botanical Gardens of the Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaidō University,
- 17 -
Dr. Y. Ito of the National Agricultural Research Center for the Hokkaidō Region, Mr. I. Ikeda of Niseko town, owners of two private gardens in Kucchan town, Dr. T. Kawahara of the Hokkaidō Research Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, Dr. Y. Wakita of the Hokkaidō Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaidō Research Organization, Mr. M. Takahashi of the Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaidō Research Organization and Dr. M. Suzuki of Iwate Prefectural Museum, for providing information on the native habitats or guiding and permitting us to collect in their institutions. We are grateful to the curators of the herbarium of the Botanical Gardens of the Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaidō University for assisting us with our investigation of plant specimens. We are also grateful to District Forest Offices of the Hokkaidō Regional Forest Office, Forestry Agency, MAFF, to the Departments of the Environment of Hokkaidō and Akita Prefectural Governments, to the Tōhoku Regional Environment Office of the Ministry of Environment, and to the Tomakomai Research Forest of Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaidō University, for permission to investigate and collect plant materials.
Endnote In this report, we adopted the ALA-LC Romanization Tables11) for the transcription of Japanese proper names, except for the names of several bodies.
References1)Takhtajan A. (translated by Crovello T. J.) (1986) Floristic regions of the world. University of California Press, Berkeley.2)Ohashi H. (1987) Floristic regions in the Tōhoku District of Japan. Journal of Japanese Botany 62: 119-126 (in Japanese with English summary).3)Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan (2007) The updated Japanese red lists on mammals, brackish-water/freshwater fishes, insects, shellfish, and plants I and II. http://www. env.go.jp/en/headline/headline.php?serial=503.4)Iketani H. (2004) Rediscovery of Malus baccata var. mandshurica at Nikko and the reexamination of its taxonomy. Bunrui 4: 125-136 (in Japanese).5)Ishimaru K., T. Komatsu and Y. Takeda (1997) Phytosociological study of Malus baccata var. mandshurica forest on coastal sand dunes in eastern Hokkaidō. Vegetation Science 14: 37-45 (in Japanese with English summary).6)Hinoma A. (2008) Distribution maps of vascular plants in Hokkaidō, Japan. http://www. hinoma.com/maps/index.shtml.7)Ito K. (1968) Observations on Northern Japanese plants (8). Journal of Geobotany 16: 104- 106.8)Iketani H. and H. Ohashi (2003) Taxonomy and distribution of Japanese populations of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. (Rosaceae). Journal of Japanese Botany 78: 119-134.9)Iketani H., N. Mase and Y. Sato (2006) Exploration and collection of Pyrus and Malus genetic resources in Northern Tōhoku region. Annual Report on Exploration and Introduction of Plant Genetic Resources 22: 13-21 (in Japanese).10)Iketani H., T. Yamamoto, H. Katayama, C. Uematsu, N. Mase and Y. Sato (2010) Introgression
- 18 -
between native and prehistorically naturalized (archaeophytic) wild pear (Pyrus spp.) populations in Northern Tōhoku, Northeast Japan. Conservation Genetics 11: 115-126.11)The American Library Association (1997) Library of Congress Romanization tables. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html.12)Yonekura K. and T. Kajita (2004-) BJ Plants - Index of Japanese names and Scientific names. http://bean.bio.chiba-u.jp/bgplants/ylist_main.html.13)Kamada, T. (2009) KenMap ver. 8.32. http://www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/~t-kamada/ CBuilder/ kenmap.htm.
JPN-2009-014 237695 CVAC 1840 2009/9/9 seed Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. Natsuhaze 43-00-25 141-25-40 60 Hokkaidō Sapporo-shi National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaidō Region
JPN-2009-015 237696 CVAC 1841 2009/9/9 seed Vaccinium hirtum Thunb. Usunoki 43-00-25 141-25-40 60 Hokkaidō Sapporo-shi National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaidō Region
JPN-2009-016 237697 CVAC 1842 2009/9/9 seed Vaccinium japonicum Miq. Akushiba 43-00-25 141-25-40 60 Hokkaidō Sapporo-shi National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaidō Region
JPN-2009-017 237698 CVAC 1843 2009/9/9 seed Vaccinium yakushimense Makino Akushibamodoki 43-00-25 141-25-40 60 Hokkaidō Sapporo-shi National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaidō Region. Cultivated.
JPN-2009-018 237699 CRIB 1619 2009/9/9 seed Ribes ambiguum Maxim. Yashabishaku 43-00-25 141-25-40 60 Hokkaidō Sapporo-shi National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaidō Region. Cultivated.
JPN-2009-019 237700 CRUB 2549 2009/9/9 seed Rubus crataegifolius Bunge Kumaichigo 43-00-25 141-25-40 60 Hokkaidō Sapporo-shi National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaidō Region
JPN-2009-020 237701 CACT 276 2009/9/10 seed Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.
Sarunashi 42-42-49 141-34-11 30 Hokkaidō Tomakomai-shi Tomakomai Research Forest, Hokkaidō University
Table 2. List of collected genetic resources.
- 20 -
Collection nimber
JP number in NIAS genebank
Accession number in
USDA-ARS
Collection Date
Sample type
Taxon1) Japanese plant Name2) Latitude LongitudeElev.(m)
Prefecture Municipality Locality
JPN-2009-021 237702 CACT 277 2009/9/10 seed Actinidia polygama (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim.
Matatabi 42-42-49 141-34-17 30 Hokkaidō Tomakomai-shi Tomakomai Research Forest, Hokkaidō University
JPN-2009-022 237703 2009/9/10 plant Potentilla sprengeliana Lehm. = P. fragarioides L.
Kijimushiro 42-42-49 141-34-19 30 Hokkaidō Tomakomai-shi Tomakomai Research Forest, Hokkaidō University
JPN-2009-023 237704 CRUB 2550 2009/9/10 seed Rubus crataegifolius Bunge Kumaichigo 42-42-01 141-34-22 80 Hokkaidō Tomakomai-shi Tomakomai Research Forest, Hokkaidō University
JPN-2009-024 237705 CRUB 2551 2009/9/10 seed Rubus parvifolius L. Nawashiroichigo 42-42-03 141-34-23 80 Hokkaidō Tomakomai-shi Tomakomai Research Forest, Hokkaidō University
(possible hybrid with C. sieboldiana)Hashibami 39-44-38 141-09-28 210 Iwate Morioka-shi east foot of Ōmoriyama
JPN-2009-143 237818 CCOR 925 2009/9/21 seed Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Besser Hashibami 39-44-38 141-09-28 210 Iwate Morioka-shi east foot of Ōmoriyama
Table 2 (continued).
- 25 -
1) Names followed the list of scientific names in the NIAS genebank. Unlisted names followed "BG Plants - Index of Japanese names and scientific names".12)When there is a more popular synonym, it is displayed after "=".
2) Japanese plant names were transcribed into single words, without using hyphenation or word division.
Collection number
JP number in NIAS genebank
Accession number in
USDA-ARS
Collevtion Date
Sample type
Taxon1) Japanese plant Name2) Latitude LongitudeElev.(m)
Prefecture Municipality Locality
JPN-2009-144 237819 CCOR 926 2009/9/21 seed Corylus sieboldiana Blume Tsunohashibami 39-44-38 141-09-28 210 Iwate Morioka-shi east foot of ŌmoriyamaJPN-2009-145 237820 CPYR 2937 2009/9/22 seed Pyrus aromatica Kikuchi et Nakai = P.
Photo 7. Members of the main investigation (From left, Drs. H. Imanishi, H. Iketani, J.D. Postman, K.E. Hummer) with Dr. T. Kawahara at Hokkaidō Research Center, FFPRI.