Cold War Chapter 18 section2 China 1945 1945 Northern China under Communist controlNorthern China under Communist control After WWII --- Nationalists.

Cold WarCold WarChapter 18 section2Chapter 18 section2

ChinaChina 19451945

• Northern China under Communist Northern China under Communist controlcontrol

• After WWII --- Nationalists and the After WWII --- Nationalists and the Communists ceased cooperationCommunists ceased cooperation

Civil War eruptedCivil War erupted

1945 – 19491945 – 1949• U.S. played peacemakerU.S. played peacemaker

Supported NationalistsSupported Nationalists Chiang Kai-shek (leader)Chiang Kai-shek (leader) $3 Billion = supplies$3 Billion = supplies No soldiersNo soldiers

Two sides in China Two sides in China CommunistsCommunists

• Mao Zedong (leader)Mao Zedong (leader) Peasants supportPeasants support

• Read / WriteRead / Write• Improve food productionImprove food production• Flocked to Communists‘ Red ArmyFlocked to Communists‘ Red Army

Nationalists weak and corruptNationalists weak and corrupt• Chiang Kai-Shek Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan fled to Taiwan

Relied on U.S. for aidRelied on U.S. for aid Failing economyFailing economy

May 1949May 1949• Communists ruled all of mainland ChinaCommunists ruled all of mainland China

Cont.Cont.

China’s New GovernmentChina’s New Government• People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China

U.S. refused to recognizeU.S. refused to recognize• Containment failedContainment failed

Fear of CommunismFear of Communism

Korean WarKorean War

Japan annexed Korea = 1910Japan annexed Korea = 1910• Ruled until August 1945 when war was over. Ruled until August 1945 when war was over.

Korea SplitsKorea Splits• 3838thth Parallel Parallel ----- ----- North Latitude North Latitude

North Korea = Soviets = CommunistNorth Korea = Soviets = Communist South Korea = US = DemocraticSouth Korea = US = Democratic

Korean War Korean War

June 25, 1950June 25, 1950• North Korea swept across the 38North Korea swept across the 38thth Parallel Parallel

Korean WarKorean War beginsbegins

June 27June 27• Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to

support South Koreasupport South Korea• 16 nations sent 520,000 troops / aid16 nations sent 520,000 troops / aid

90% - American troops90% - American troops

• General Douglas MacArthurGeneral Douglas MacArthur = commander = commander of all forcesof all forces

U.S. FightsU.S. Fights

North Korea = Unstoppable at firstNorth Korea = Unstoppable at first• Driving deep into South KoreaDriving deep into South Korea

MacArthur launched a surprise MacArthur launched a surprise counterattackcounterattack• Surrounded troopsSurrounded troops• Pushed North Korean troops across line and Pushed North Korean troops across line and

deep into North Koreadeep into North Korea

China Fights BackChina Fights Back

China’s foreign minister warnedChina’s foreign minister warned• ““his country would not stand idly by and let his country would not stand idly by and let

the Americans come to the border”the Americans come to the border”

November 1950November 1950• 300,000 300,000 Chinese troops joined the war Chinese troops joined the war

Wanted North Korea as a communist buffer stateWanted North Korea as a communist buffer state

Main opponents of war changedMain opponents of war changed• China v. U.S.China v. U.S.

Cont.Cont.

Chinese outnumbered UN forcesChinese outnumbered UN forces• 10 to 110 to 1

UN and South Korean troops pushed UN and South Korean troops pushed out of North Koreaout of North Korea• Lost control of South Korean Capital Lost control of South Korean Capital

SeoulSeoul

MacArthurMacArthur

19511951• MacArthur wants to attack ChinaMacArthur wants to attack China

Nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons = Chinese cities= Chinese cities

• Truman rejected ideaTruman rejected idea Soviet Union = mutual-assistance pact with Soviet Union = mutual-assistance pact with

ChinaChina• Did not want to start WWIIIDid not want to start WWIII

““Wrong war, at the wrong place, at the Wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”

MacArthur Verses TrumanMacArthur Verses Truman

MacArthur continued to urge full MacArthur continued to urge full scale war against Chinascale war against China• Tried to go over presidents headTried to go over presidents head• Spoke / wrote privately to newspapers / Spoke / wrote privately to newspapers /

magazinesmagazines• Refused warnings to follow ordersRefused warnings to follow orders

April 11, 1951April 11, 1951• Truman fired MacArthurTruman fired MacArthur

StalemateStalemate

June 23, 1951June 23, 1951• Soviet Union suggested Soviet Union suggested

cease-fire = trucecease-fire = truce

Reached an agreementReached an agreement• Cease fire line = 38Cease fire line = 38thth

parallelparallel• demilitarized zonedemilitarized zone

Spent another year Spent another year arguing over POW’sarguing over POW’s

July 1953July 1953• Signed an armisticeSigned an armistice

Ending the WarEnding the War

Cont.Cont.

Agreement = StalemateAgreement = Stalemate• Communism had been containedCommunism had been contained

No use of atomic weaponsNo use of atomic weapons

• Korea = 2 nationsKorea = 2 nations 54,000 American causalities54,000 American causalities Cost = $67 BillionCost = $67 Billion

Increased fear of Communism in Increased fear of Communism in United StatesUnited States

The Korean war for DummiesThe Korean war for Dummies

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C72ISMF_D0