COLD CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR BLOOD SAFETY BURKINA FASO Dr Honorine Dahourou
BURKINA FASO
• Landlocked country in West Africa with about 14 million inhabitants
NBTC
• Sole blood supplier and administrative role
4 RBTC
• Operating units in charge of all activities in the transfusion chain from promotion of blood donation to distribution
NATIONAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION CENTRE
NBTC: has financial autonomy and is a legal entity
• Has a “Strategic plan for enhancing blood safety 2011-2025”
Staff number: 202– Specialist doctors/pharmacists = 8
– Non-specialist doctors/pharmacists = 7
– Biomedical technicians = 36
– Nurses = 72
– Communicators = 2
– Social educators = 5
ACTIVITIES OF NBTC: PROMOTION OF
BLOOD DONATION
Activities to raise awareness
and to value blood donors
ACTIVITIES OF NBTC:
BLOOD DONATION
At fixed sites
Open on every working day from 7 am to 5 pm and on Saturdays for some RBTC
2011: 14,939 units collected, i.e. 26.11% of all units collected
Mobile collections
Almost every day at distances sometimes up to 300 km
1,050 mobile collections with a total of 42,284 units collected,i.e. 73.89% of all units
A total of 57226 units were collected in 2011
LABORATORY TESTING OF DONATED BLOOD
• Immunohaematology
– ABO and Rh blood typing by 2 techniques and
2 different technicians
• Systematic screening of all donations
– HIV
– HBsAg
– HCV
– Syphilis
PREPARATION OF BLOOD PRODCUTS
Rate of component separation almost 100%
x-axis labels – on graph shown
•Red cell concentrate (adult units)
•Red cell concentrate (paediatric units)
•Fresh frozen plasma
•Platelets concentrate
•Whole blood
DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS
Total distributed: 48,111 blood products to the
following institutions:
• University Teaching Hospitals: 3
• Regional Hospitals: 2
• Medical Centre with surgical units: 19
• Private clinics and military dispensaries: 27
i.e. a total of 51 health institutions
INSTITUTIONS VISITED
Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (4)
Hospital transfusion centre (15)
Hospital blood bank (2)
CONDITION OF COLD CHAIN
EQUIPMENT (1)
Cold chain equipment for blood
non-compliant
Variety of fridges used for storage
of blood products (household)
CONDITION OF COLD CHAIN
EQUIPMENT (2)
Insufficient blood cold chain equipment
Concomitant storage of blood products,
reagents and specimens and sometimes
even other items
CONDITION OF COLD CHAIN
EQUIPMENT (2)
Various modes of transport of blood, and
in non-compliant containers
Trays, bare hands, small containers,
cardboards, etc.
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF
BLOOD COLD CHAIN (1)
• Evaluation of equipment not done on receipt
• Absence of calibration of temperature display
devices
• Absence of QA documents (SOPs) for cold
chain management
• No formal system for maintenance of
equipment
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF
BLOOD COLD CHAIN (2)
• Different types of forms for temperature
records
– Daily, monthly, annually
– Pages with different records: 1,2,3 times
daily
• Irregular follow-up of readings
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF
BLOOD COLD CHAIN (2)
• Blood products often discarded because of
cold chain problems
– Maximum period for return not respected
– Absence of relay generator
– Lack of awareness of risks associated with
breaking cold chain
IMPLEMENTING THE ACTION PLAN
Action plan includes:
1.Training of trainers in management of blood cold chain
2.Training of users in management of blood cold chain
3.Training of personnel involved in transport of blood products
4.Distribution of WHO manuals on blood cold chain
RESULTS
6 MONTHS AFTER ACTION PLAN
1. Uniform temperature record form for the whole country
2. More regular follow-up of temperature
RESULTS
6 MONTHS AFTER ACTION PLAN
• Standard temperature record form for
cold cabinets
• Regular monitoring of temperature
• Dissemination of lower and upper
temperature thresholds for storage of
blood products
RESULTS
6 MONTHS AFTER ACTION PLAN
3. Introduction of Operating Procedures on management of blood cold chain
– Action required in cases of temperature abnormalities of cold cabinets
– Management of temperature abnormalities recorded during transport of whole blood
– Report of mobile blood collection
– Packing of blood bags
– Packing of blood products for distribution
– Monitoring of temperatures of cold cabinets
– Transport of whole blood bags
RESULTS
6 MONTHS AFTER ACTION PLAN
4. Packaging and transport of blood products
5. Consensus on maximum period for returning
blood products that were distributed but not
used
6. Decrease in blood products discarded
because of broken cold chain
7. Cleanliness and maintenance of cold cabinets
and packaging and transport materials
CONCLUSION
• A good situation analysis → exposed inadequacies in management of blood cold chain
• Training of staff, involved in blood transfusion, on cold chain management
• Involvement of healthcare staff in taking decisions through agreed resolutions
↓
Behavioural change on cold change management of blood– Absence of storage of blood products in healthcare facilities
– Regular maintenance of cold cabinets
– Regular monitoring of temperature
– Ability to manage the cold chain in case of failure of cold cabinet
– Return of unused blood products within required time period
CONCLUSION
Keeping alive the ‘fire’ which has been
lit by regular follow-up through
supervision
Extinguish and reverse dangerous
blood safety practices