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Coast2Coast Earthmoving (C2C)

WHS Risk Methodology

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This is an internal C2C asset and contains confidential proprietary information.

It is not to be distributed external to C2C – in whole or part.

Please direct any questions to: [email protected]

Revision Status

Approved by: Position: Date Version No.

Ross Hilderbrand General Manager 5 February 2015 WHS2015v2.1

Approval Signature

5 February 2015 Date

Coast2Coast Earthmoving Company

Next Review Date: 5 February 2016

mailto:[email protected]

C2C WHS Risk Methodology v2.1_20150205 2 | P a g e

Table of Contents

Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) ......................................................................... 4

When should risk management be applied? ...................................................................................... 6

Identifying Hazards ............................................................................................................................. 6

Finding Hazards ................................................................................................................................... 7

Risk Assessments ................................................................................................................................ 7

Controlling Risks .................................................................................................................................. 8

Implementing controls ........................................................................................................................ 8

Reviewing Controls ............................................................................................................................. 9

Steps of the WHS Risk Management Process ...................................................................................... 10

Risk Rating .................................................................................................................................... 12

WHS Risk Classification ................................................................................................................ 13

Implementation Plans .................................................................................................................. 18

Risk Control & Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 19

Ongoing management of identified hazards ............................................................................... 19

Managing changes to the work environment ............................................................................. 19

Attachment 1: Job Safety Analysis Form .......................................................................................... 20

Attachment 2: Examples of Risk Control Selection .......................................................................... 24

Important Note: You must ensure that you are using the latest version The only valid reference of this document is the electronic copy stored on the C2C Netdocs server. When using printed copies it is the responsibility of the user to check that it is at the same version level as the electronic copy.


Purpose

Here at Coast2Coast Earthmoving (C2C), we value the safety and wellbeing of all personnel as the highest

priority. All employees, contractors, subcontractors and visitors are required to follow the safety guidelines

provided at all times in order to promote, maintain and improve a culture of safety for everyone involved at

Coast2Coast Earthmoving.

Every individual has a personal responsibility to ensure that all safety procedures are not only followed

accordingly, but also to communicate with management to either eliminate risks entirely, or to look for ways

to minimise risk, so far as is reasonably practicable, to improve the overall safety for everyone involved.

The methodologies introduced in this document are based on best practice principles, and is complementary

to processes advised by various Workcover authorities and Australian Standards. It is designed to provide C2C

employees with WHS responsibilities with the background and procedures to conduct their WHS management

practices within individual branches and all sites. Further, the purpose is to identify and manage risks

associated with non-routine tasks or standard tasks carried out on sites that have a range of hazards.

This WHS Risk Methodology is part of the overall C2C WHS Management System and the organisations risk

management approach. It applies the concepts of risk management to workplace health and safety and

provides guidance on each step of the process.

Scope

This policy applies to all C2C branches, all sites where C2C is performing work and covers all C2C activities and

services.

Definitions

Employees: all direct employees of Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving including apprentices and trainees.

Workers: employees, contractors, subcontractors, apprentices and trainees, work experience students,

volunteers and PCBU’s who are individuals if they perform work for the business, including their employees.

Sites: All sites where C2C is performing work and covers all C2C activities and services

Reasonably Practicable: The term ‘reasonably practicable’ means what could reasonably be done at a

particular time to ensure health and safety measures were met. The guiding principle of the WHS Act 2011 is

that all people are given the highest level of health and safety protection from hazards arising from work, so

far as is reasonably practicable.


Hazard: means a situation or thing that has the potential to harm a person. Hazards at work may include noisy

machinery, a moving forklift, chemicals, electricity, working at heights, a repetitive task, bullying and violence

at the workplace.

Risk: is the possibility that harm (death, injury or illness) might occur when exposed to a hazard. Question -

how severely can someone be harmed by the hazard (consequence), and how likely it is that a person will be

harmed (likelihood) by the hazard.

Risk control: Means taking action to eliminate health and safety risks so far as is reasonably practicable, and if

that is not possible, minimising the risks so far as is reasonably practicable. Eliminating a hazard will also

eliminate any risks associated with that hazard.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA): is a risk assessment tool used to identify and control workplace hazards. A JSA is a

second tier risk assessment with the aim of preventing personal injury to a person, or their colleagues, and any

other person passing or working adjacent, above or below. JSA are required when a non-routine task is not

covered by an existing Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS)

Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS): are legislative requirements for any high risk work activity and is

a comprehensive risk assessment used to analyse all work processes deemed as high-risk, create

effective control measures, and re-assess to ensure risk levels are deemed safe to proceed.

Responsibilities

Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU)

As a Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU), C2C must, so far as is reasonably practicable,

provide and maintain a working environment that is safe and without risks to employee health. All managers

within C2C have obligations to provide a health and safe workplace for areas under their control. Workplace

injury has a significant impact on the human and financial resources of the organisation. Hazards are a prime

source of occupational health and safety problems. Hazard management offers the best opportunity for

reducing injury and illness in the workplace. Identification of hazards and assessment of the risk of injury or

illness they present are essential steps in eliminating and controlling hazards effectively.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_safety_analysis#Workplace_Hazard_Definition


Supervisors:

Ensure employees have the training to understand and complete WHS risk management reviews

(which includes hazard identification)

Ensure the application of WHS risk management reviews prior to the commencement of a job and for

hazard/risk identification in day to day branch operations if not otherwise being managed by a SOP,

JSA or SWMS.

Employees:

Ensure that a WHS risk management review is conducted or used to analyse hazardous jobs prior to

any work commencing if not otherwise being managed by a SOP, JSA or SWMS.

The practices to undertake WHS risk reviews can be utilised in a number of situations:

(1) For branch general WHS risk reviews (e.g. monthly audits of office / workshop); and

(2) For job/project specific WHS risk reviews.

Policy Principles

In order to provide a safe work place Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving (C2C) will require the involvement and

cooperation of all workers to provide both input and feedback on a continual basis to correctly gauge the

effectiveness of the safety procedures provided.

There are some practical things that you can do as a worker to identify risks while doing your job. Things such

as thinking through your job or task and think about what could possibly go wrong and what could be the

consequence or the injury resulting from such occurrences.

Consultation with workers

C2C is committed to the safety of it’s workers by continually consulting with each employee or contractor by

giving our workers a reasonable opportunity to express views and taking these views into account before

making decisions on health and safety matters.

Consultation with workers and their health and safety representatives will be required at each step of the risk

management process. By drawing on the experience, knowledge and ideas of our workers, we are more likely

to identify all hazards and choose effective control measures to help everyone involved at C2C to experience a

safe and productive work environment.


Here at C2C we encourage all workers to report any hazards and health and safety problems immediately so

that risks can be managed and/or eliminated before an incident or injury occurs.

From time to time C2C may share responsibility for a health and safety matter with other business operators

who are involved in the same job tasks, projects or activities at the same workplace. For example, we may

engage on-hire workers as part of our workforce, and we also share a duty of care to these workers with the

business that provides them. In these situations, we must discuss the hazards and risks associated with the

work and what precautions will be taken with the on-hire firm, and it is the responsibility of all our personnel

to co-operate accordingly.

Never assume that someone else is taking care of a health and safety matter. Find out who is responsible in a

co-operative and co-ordinated way so that all risks are eliminated or minimised as far as reasonably

practicable. Remember that you cannot transfer your responsibilities to another person. Everybody is

responsible for safety, including you.

When should risk management be applied?

Managing work health and safety risks is an ongoing process at Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving. Risk Management

should be applied when any changes affect your work activities. Risk Management and Assessments should be

applied when:

Changing work practices, procedures or the work environment.

Using new equipment or new substances.

New information about workplace risks becomes available.

Responding to workplace incidents (even if they have caused no injury)

Identifying Hazards

Every worker of Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving is responsible for identifying hazards in the workplace while

conducting their job role which is why C2C are proactive in educating our workers on all aspects of work health

and safety. Identifying Hazards involves finding things and situations that could potentially cause harm to

people. Hazards generally arise from the following aspects of work and their interaction:

physical work environments

equipment, materials and substances used

work tasks and how they are performed

work design and management


Some hazards can be part of the work process, such as mechanical hazards, noise or toxic properties of

substances, while other hazards may result from equipment or machine failures and misuse, chemical spills

and structural failures.

Also be aware that each piece of plant, substance or a work process may have many different hazards

associated. Each of these hazards needs to be identified and eliminated if possible, or at the very least

managed. For example, a production line may have dangerous moving parts, noise, manual task hazards and

psychological hazards due to the pace of work.

Finding Hazards

Regular inspections at Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving will be conducted to observe job tasks and to assess if any

unsafe work practices exist, as well as the general state of housekeeping and cleanliness.

Things to look out for will include such things as the following:

Does the work environment enable workers to carry out work without risks to health and safety?

(For example, space for unobstructed movement, adequate ventilation and lighting)

How suitable are the tools and equipment for the task and how well are they maintained?

Have any changes occurred in the workplace which may affect health and safety?

As a valuable worker at Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving we will also need you to be aware of any other risks or

hazards. Be aware that hazards are not always obvious. Some hazards can affect health over a long period of

time or may result in stress (such as bullying) or fatigue (such as shift work). Also think about hazards that you

may bring into your workplace as new, used or hired goods.

As you conduct your daily tasks, you may spot straightforward problems and action should be taken on these

immediately, for example cleaning up a spill. If you find a situation where there is immediate or significant

danger to people, it is your responsibility as an individual to warn others in the immediate vicinity and then

contact the appropriate person (i.e. Supervisor) to deal with the matter effectively to eliminate or control the

risk.

Risk Assessments

Here at Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving risk assessments will be carried out. Risk assessments involve considering

what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard and the likelihood of it happening. Risk assessments

help us determine how severe the risks are, whether or not the existing control measures are effective and

what action should be taken to control the risk at what level of urgency.


A risk assessment can be undertaken with varying degrees of detail depending on the type of hazards or can be

as simple as a discussion with our workers and details recorded.

A risk assessment will be carried out when:

there is uncertainty about how a hazard may result in injury or illness

the work activity involves a number of different hazards and there is a lack of understanding about

how the hazards may interact with each other to produce new or greater risks

changes at the workplace occur that may impact on the effectiveness of control measures

Be aware that risk assessments are mandatory under the WHS Regulations 2011 for high risk activities such as

entry into confined spaces, operation of a forklift, and live electrical work. As an employee or contractor of

Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving, if you are ever unsure about a particular task or project, please check with your

supervisor to confirm if the task you are performing is included in the list of high risk work.

Controlling Risks

As part of our risk management approach here at Coast 2 Coast Earthmoving, we endeavour to do everything

that is reasonably practicable to either eliminate or at the very least control the risks and minimise them to a

workable manner as far as is reasonably practicable.

In deciding how to control risks we will consult with workers and representatives. Your experience as an

employee or contractor with C2C will be valuable in helping us choose appropriate control measures to ensure

a safer workplace for everyone employed at C2C. Management will consider various control options and

choose the control that most effectively eliminates the hazard or minimises the risk in the appropriate

circumstance. This may involve single control measures or a combination of controls together providing the

highest level of protection that is reasonably practicable while prioritizing highest risk hazards first.

Implementing controls

The control measures that C2C puts into operation may require changes to the way work is carried out due to

new or modified equipment or processes, new or different chemicals or new personal protective equipment.

In these situations, we will as far as reasonably practicable support the control measures with resources such

as:

Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS)

SWMS describe tasks, identify hazards and documents how the task is to be performed to minimise

the risks for our workers.


Training, instruction and information

Training our workers in the work procedures to ensure demonstration of competency. Information

and instruction will also be provided to others who enter the workplace, such as customers or visitors

when deemed appropriate.

Supervision

The level of supervision will depend on the level of risk and the experience of the workers involved of

each task. High levels of supervision may be necessary where inexperienced or new workers are

expected to follow new procedures or carry out difficult and critical tasks.

Reviewing Controls

C2C’s safety control measures will be reviewed regularly to make sure they work as planned. There are certain

situations where control measures must be reviewed under the WHS Regulations 2011 and, if necessary,

revise them.

A review is required:

when the control measure is not effective in controlling the risk

before a change at the workplace that is likely to give rise to a new or different health and safety risk

that the control measure may not effectively control

if a new hazard or risk is identified

if the results of consultation indicate that a review is necessary

if a health and safety representative requests a review

Responding to workplace incidents (even if they have caused no injury)

Record Keeping

As part of our safety approach, C2C’s safety control measures will be recorded for future reference in order to

continually improve on our safety performance as a company, target training at key hazards, demonstrate

accountability and provide a basis for preparing safe work procedures.

By combining your likelihood and consequence estimates you can rate the risk. There are many ways of rating

risks of injury or illness, one of the most common ways is to use a risk management form.

All records will be kept on file and will be accessible for any specific requirements. Please contact your

supervisor if you require any specific information or tools.


Steps of the WHS Risk Management Process

1 Hazard Identification

Identify all hazards (actions, situations and

occurrences that have the potential to cause harm)

associated with the system of work.

2 Risk Analysis Determining the risk of injury or ill health

associated with a hazard.

3 Control Selection

Decide on practicable control measures that are in

correct response to the risk, following the hierarchy

of controls.

4 Complete Job Safety

Analysis (JSA) form

Using the JSA template (as shown in attachment 1)

document the risk assessment.

5 Control

Implementation

Implementing changes to process or the

environment to eliminate or limit the hazards

associated with a particular task and prioritisation.

6 Review & Improve

Reviewing if the control measures that have been

put in place to reduce the risk are effective. Is the

process working effectively? Have the control

measures eliminated or reduced the risks? Is new

information available?

Step 1: Hazard Identification

A JSA (risk assessment) must be completed prior to commencing any job which is not already managed by a

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or safe work procedure (Safe Work Method

Statement). All hazards must be identified, assessed and controls put in place prior to the job commencing.

As a minimum, all safe work procedures and risk assessments will be reviewed on an annual basis

1. Consult relevant employees and safety representatives during the hazard identification process. The

first stage in reducing the likelihood of an injury is hazard identification. The identification of hazards

must be comprehensive and systematic.

2. Systematically identify all WHS hazards in the Branch office, Workshop or customer site.

Brainstorming workshops can work well for this type of risk review. Hazard identification should

cover all tasks, activities, work methods and environmental factors in all work units. Consider if any

action, process or use of equipment could cause injury or ill health to a person doing the job. The

identification should include normal conditions, as well as special or emergency situations.


3. Document the identified hazards. Hazard identification could occur through any of the following

means:

Regular workplace inspections are a good way of monitoring housekeeping practices and the work

environment. It is a good way of picking up those hazards that might not be picked up in the task

and operational hazard identification. All hazards that have been identified need to be

documented.

Branch Toolbox meetings.

Discussion about the task or operation with employees or company health and safety

representatives.

Examination of records of incidents, accidents and dangerous occurrences in the workplace.

Consideration of changes in the work and their direct and indirect impact on the operation.

Consulting checklists and hazard identification tools that may have been developed specific to the

task or operation.

Examples of hazards:

Hazard 1 Storage of large and heavy items on high shelves. It is awkward to lift the items down.

Hazard 2

The tread of a step has been broken, and people can trip down a step.

Hazard 3 Boxes of paper have been stored in the stC2Cwell, and are obstructing the emergency exit. In case of an emergency people may get trapped in the building, or a fire could start in the fire evacuation stC2Cwell.

Step 2: Risk Analysis

Risk analysis is a process of classifying hazards by their potential for harm, considering both consequence of

the potential harm, and the likelihood of the hazard causing harm. Once the initial risk level is assigned

priority for action can be assigned to high risk hazards.

RISK: How severely can someone be harmed by the hazard and how likely it is that a person will be

harmed by the hazard.

1. Consult relevant employees and safety representatives during the risk analysis process.

2. Determine the level of damage (consequence) that the hazard could cause if no action is taken.

3. Determine the likelihood that this level of damage occurs.

4. Determine the risk level of the hazard.

5. Document the risk level of the hazard


Risk Rating

When analysing risks, three factors should be taken into consideration:

1. The consequence of the potential harm;

2. The likelihood of the harm occurring; and

3. What if anything has been done already to stop or control the hazard.

Consequences

The consequence considers the potential harm that can be caused by the hazard. How much damage is likely

to occur if the hazard is not controlled? Consider what has already been done to minimise the outcome of the

hazard. The classifications of consequence used in the risk ranking are:

Code Consequence

Description

Injury / Illness Environment Property Damage/

Process Loss

1 Insignificant Will not result in first-aid

treatment

Little or no

environmental impact

Low financial loss

(<$5,000)

2 Minor First aid treatment is

required (no lost time)

Small and / or localised

impact

Medium financial loss

($5,000 - $20,000)

3 Moderate

Medical / hospital time

or a lost time injury is

incurred by an employee

Substantial


High financial loss

($20,000 - $50,000)

4 Major Serious bodily injury or

hospitalisation

Serious environmental

impact

Major financial loss

($50,000 - $500,000)

5 Catastrophic Fatality or permanent

disablement

Widespread


Huge financial loss

(>$500,000)


Likelihood

The likelihood considers the chance that the hazard will actually harm someone. This includes considerations

of how frequently and how long people are exposed to the hazard, as well as the chance of something actually

going wrong. Consider what has already been done to minimise the likelihood of the harm actually occurring.

Code Likelihood Description

A Almost Certain Likely to occur several times per year

B Very Likely Likely to occur at least once in 5 years

C Possible Might occur once in 5 years

D Unlikely Might occur once in 10 years

E Very Unlikely Unlikely except under exceptional circumstances

WHS Risk Classification

Once the consequence and likelihood have been determined for the hazard, the hazard can be given a risk

classification, using the WHS Risk Classification Matrix as shown below. The higher the risk classification that

is assigned, the higher the level of risk associated with the hazard. The risk classification should be used to

assign priority in hazard control.

CONSEQUENCE

(possible consequence)

LIKELIHOOD (of Occurrence)

Almost

Certain

Very

Likely Possible Unlikely Very Unlikely

Insignificant Moderate (2) Moderate (2) Low (1) Low (1) Low (1)

Minor High (3) High (3) Moderate (2) Low (1) Low (1)

Moderate Extreme (4) High (3) High (3) Moderate (2) Moderate (2)

Major Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4) High (3) High (3)

Catastrophic Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4)

Documenting Risk Analysis and Classification

Once the risk has been analysed, and the level of risk assigned, it needs to be recorded in the Job Safety

Analysis (JSA) form. In this way it becomes possible to track which hazards have the highest risk, and which

hazards should be controlled with the highest priority.


Examples of risk analysis and classification:


The Risk

Consequence: Major – a musculo-skeletal injury could cause permanent damage,

someone could fall when bringing down the objects.

Likelihood: Moderate – nobody has been injured lifting down the items in the past,

and they are not accessed often.

Risk Level: High Risk

Hazard 2 The tread of a step has been broken, and people can trip down a step.

The Risk

Consequence: Minor – a fall could cause a fracture.

Likelihood: Almost Certain – because lots of people use these steps.

Risk Level: Medium Risk

Hazard 3

Boxes of paper have been stored in the stC2Cwell, and are obstructing the emergency

exit. In case of an emergency people may get trapped in the building or a fire could start

in the fire evacuation stC2Cwell.

The Risk

Consequence: Catastrophic – inability to exit a building during an emergency could

lead to entrapment, smoke inhalation, panic and crushing injuries.

Likelihood: Likely – in the event of a fire it is likely that the exit will be congested or

blocked.


Step 3: Control Selection/Recommendation

1. Consult relevant employees and safety representatives during the control selection /

recommendation process (this could include completion of a JSA).

2. Determine how the hazard could be controlled, both in the short term and the long term.

3. Select the controls as high up in the control hierarchy as practicable.

4. Document the recommended control options for the hazards.

5. Determine if new hazards would be introduced with the implementation of the controls.

6. If new hazards would be introduced with the implementation of the controls, redo step 1 to 3.

It is important to examine control measures as part of the WHS risk management process. The selection of

controls will determine to what extent a hazard will be affecting a workplace and employees in the future. The

more effective the control measures, the more lasting the effect of control.


Control Selection

Controls should be selected in response to the level of risk posed by the hazards, and the practicability of the

control. It is both a legal requirement and good WHS management practice for risk control selection to follow

the hierarchy of controls. At times it may be necessary to implement more than one type of control to

effectively manage the risk.

The Hierarchy of Controls

The hierarchy of controls sets out a preferred order in which hazards should be controlled. The control

options at the top of the hierarchy are most effective; as they do not require further management once they

are implemented. The further down the hierarchy of controls, the more management and effort is required in

maintaining control over the hazard.

1. Elimination

Elimination is the first control option that needs to be considered. It is the most

effective no further risk control actions will need to be considered in the future

because the hazard no longer exist.

Example of questions to ask: Can removing the substance, process or activity

Eliminate the risk? Ask – “Can we” i.e. Can we get rid of whatever is causing the

hazard? - remove sharp/protruding objects or use a lifting device to eliminate

manual handling tasks. Can we use a non-combustible substance instead of a

combustible one to eliminate the risk of a fire? Is it possible to discontinue the use

of this product/process or machine?

2. Substitution

Substitution is where the item that poses a hazard is replaced by a similar item that

does the same job, but has a lower hazard level. Can substituting the chemical,

process or activity reduce the risk?

Examples of questions to ask: Can we use a less toxic substance and still get the job

done? Can we have a toxic substance supplied in a different form? Can we divide a

load to make it easier to handle? Is there another machine or process that we can

use that does the same job, but has lower levels of risk?

3. Isolation

Isolation is used to isolate the hazards from the persons that it can harm.

Examples of questions to ask: Can the object / area / process be surrounded in such

a way so it cannot impact on any person? Can the person be placed in a control

booth? Can the object / area be controlled from a remote location and without

increasing the risk?


4. Engineering

If the risk can’t be eliminated or reduced by substitution, can we put in place

engineering controls to reduce the risk? Changing the process, equipment or tools in

such a way that the risk is reduced.

Examples of questions to ask: Is there any way to modify or change the machine /

process / object so that a person is not directly exposed to the hazard? Is there a

way to modify the object / process / machine so that the exposure is minimised? Is

there any way in which the machine / object / process can be modified to give

greater control over the process and potential exposures?

5. Administration

Using administrative guidelines and procedures to minimize the impact of a hazard

on a person.

Examples of questions to ask: Can safe work procedures or a policy be developed

and implemented to minimise the risk? Can information, instruction and training be

provided to help minimise the risk? Can we schedule this job at a time when there

are few people in the area?

6. Personal

Protective

Equipment

(PPE)

This is the least effective means of controlling risks and is often expensive in the

long term. PPE should not be considered unless all other control options have been

exhausted. If PPE is to be considered it should be implemented as a program,

including such things as, selection of appropriate PPE in response to the hazard,

training for staff, maintenance programs, and supervision to ensure correct use.

Example of a question to ask: Is there a way in which the hazard can be controlled

without the use of PPE? Is there a device that can be worn to protect the person

from the hazard? For example face mask, goggles, hearing protection, respiratory

protection, foot protection.


Examples of using the hierarchy of controls

Risk Control Examples

Elimination Abandonment of a rental yard practice which involves

hazardous substances.

Substitution

Water based instead of solvent-based paint, using chemicals

of lower concentration, painting with brush instead of spray

painting.

Isolation Fume cupboards, sound enclosure booths, remote control

operations.

Engineering controls Machine guarding, ventilation and extraction systems,

wetting down techniques to minimise dust.

Administration controls

Job rotation, safe operating procedures, for example lockout

procedures or procedures that describes safe operation of

machinery.

Personal protective equipment Safety glasses, footwear, gloves, masks, and respirators.

Step 4: Documenting Control Selection

Once the control selection has been established, it needs to be recorded (JSA). When documenting controls it

is important to consider if short term or interim control measures are required to manage the risk until it can

be addressed in a more permanent manner. If this is the case, both risk control measures need to be

documented.

Step 5: Control Implementation

After the hazard identification, the analysis of the risk, and the selection of appropriate controls it is necessary

to determine the priorities of hazard controls, and develop an implementation plan.

The level of risk and the practicability of the available controls will influence prioritisation of controls. The

control implementation plan can vary in size, from an implementation plan in response to the hazards

identified on the use of one process, to a risk control implementation plan for a Branch office, workshop or

customer site.


Prioritisation of Control Implementation

The nature and risk level of the hazard, as well as the relative effort / cost required for the control, should

influence the decisions when setting priorities for implementing controls. Both high risk and lower risk hazards

should be considered when setting priorities.

Some hazards may be easily fixed, and therefore the controls should be implemented quickly. Other risk

controls may require more work, but the nature of the outcome may be such that the implementation of short

term controls may be effective while preparing for longer term solutions.

Implementation Plans

Implementation plans are by their very nature ‘working’ documents. They need to be reviewed from time to

time to track the implementation of the WHS management effort, and the implementation of the controls. An

implementation plan should include: a description of the control, who will be responsible, time lines for

implementation, processes for monitoring, and verification of items completed.

Control description

By describing the control on the WHS management plans anyone can check if the action has taken place, as

well as establishing an ongoing record of the WHS management efforts. Long term and short term controls

can be documented to show that action is taken to control hazards in a practicable and responsible manner.

Assigning Responsibility

Responsibility for the action needs to be defined and documented, so that follow-up can be directed. If

responsibility has been assigned, it is also more likely that the action will be completed.

Implementation Time Lines

Setting time lines will help to structure the hazard control effort. If time lines are not met it is important to

consider why, and set new targets.

Monitoring

When the above has been documented it becomes possible to monitor the hazard control process.

Monitoring should be done on a regular basis. Inclusion of WHS management activities as an agenda item on

Branch team meetings can be very effective.

Verification of items Completed

Once items are completed they should be signed off, and verified complete. It may be useful to schedule a

follow-up review to determine if the control is effective and has not introduced new hazards.


Risk Control & Evaluation

The last WHS risk review stage is risk control and evaluation. Risk control means taking actions to eliminate or

reduce the likelihood that exposure to a hazard will result in injury/illness. Once current workplace hazards

have been successfully controlled the process does not cease; a WHS management program is cyclical. A

systematic evaluating and review system must be implemented, as there is always the potential for new

hazards to be introduced into the workplace.

Step 6 Review and Improve

Ongoing management of identified hazards

Review the WHS risk management process, steps 1 to 4 at least every 12 months.

Review the WHS risk management process if new information becomes available regarding the

nature of the hazard, or if new or more effective control methods become practicable.

Managing changes to the work environment

Prior to changing work processes or introducing new work processes WHS risk management

steps 1 to 4 must be completed, including the implementation of controls.

Effective WHS risk management is an ongoing process. New information about hazards and new alternative or

improved control measures become available from time to time. Periodic review of the WHS risk management

effort is therefore required.

Branches should schedule a review of the major WHS management efforts of the branch on a regular basis,

but no less than once every twelve months. The review should be scheduled based on the risk profile of the

branch, and should be flexible enough to be changed, as hazard information becomes available.

The Workplace Health and Safety Risk Methodology are reviewed annually for continuing suitability and/or as

soon as practicably possible after an incident or accident occur.

Job Safety Analysis Form (JSA)


Date JSA #

Task Location

Name Signature

Supervisor Branch

JSEA Team members:

Permits (Indicate with a those required)

Confined Space Forklift Operation Lifting Operations Cutting & Burning Permit to Work Working at Heights Isolations / Permit to Work Other (Specify )

________________________________________________

Definitions for Table: Job/Task Step – What am I about to do? Existing/Potential Hazard – What can go wrong? Consequence – Realistic consequence of something going wrong? Likelihood – How often does the consequence happen when job performed? Risk Score – Use Risk table Controls – Prevent it from going wrong Responsible – Person implementing Controls Completed-Control implemented

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Is there any specialist PPE required to undertake the task (please specify)?

Hazards to Consider

Physical Noise Levels Voids Slips, Trips, Falls Pressure (fluid, gas, air) Changes to Standard General Conditions Force Majeure Events, ”Acts of God” Design Error Falling from Heights Clear Access Falling Objects Obstructions Changes to Standard General

Human Error Communication Correct PPE for the job General use of Vehicles & Vehicle Safety Housekeeping

Mechanical & Electrical Entanglement with Equipment Contact with Equipment Static Electricity Residual Energy Sources Electricity Equipment Failure Moving Machinery Competitive Pressures Collisions with Others (vehicle &

pedestrian)

Working in Isolation Uncontrolled Movement Stored Energy Availability of key components and

spares Ergonomic

Lighting Standards Frequent Lifting Manual Handling Injuries Work Environment Design Weather Fit for Work Gravity

Radiation Ultra Violet Light (Sun) Microwaves Infra-red

Psychological Shift work Time Constraints of Job Poor Communication Stress

Chemical Hazardous Substance Exposure Hazardous Chemical Exposure Handling Flammable Materials Splashes / Burns Chemicals / Reagents Flammable Gasses Dust Fumes Vapours


Job / Task Step (consider what you

are about to do)

Existing / Potential Hazards (consider what can go wrong

with the job, what are the hazards?)

Existing Controls (what controls are in place

to stop it going wrong)

Co

nse

qu

en

ce

Likelih

oo

d

Risk Sco

re

Additional Controls (what else can we do to prevent it from

going wrong)

Co

nse

qu

en

ce

Likelih

oo

d

Risk Sco

re

Pe

rson

Re

spo

nsib

le

Co

mp

lete

Example: Move boxes Manual Handling injury from lifting heavy boxes

Manual Handling Training 2 D 4 Reduce box size & weight, Lift Correctly (Bend Knees not Back), Move small loads, Clear path

2 E 1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.


Approval and Change Page

Date Step Description-Change Including New Hazards and Controls Change Made By Supervisor

Approved

Team

Approved

Team Review & Acceptance

Confirmed By

Sign off after receiving instructions on this JSA

Name Date Signature

To be completed if any risk remains above

JSA Approved: YES NO

Approved by: _________________________________

( Manager )

Signature:

Date: ______/______/________


CONSEQUENCE

(possible consequence)

LIKELIHOOD (of Occurrence)

Almost

Certain

Very

Likely Possible Unlikely Very Unlikely

Insignificant Moderate (2) Moderate (2) Low (1) Low (1) Low (1)

Minor High (3) High (3) Moderate (2) Low (1) Low (1)

Moderate Extreme (4) High (3) High (3) Moderate (2) Moderate (2)

Major Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4) High (3) High (3)

Catastrophic Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4) Extreme (4)

Code Likelihood Description

Code Consequence

Description

Injury / Illness Environment Property Damage/

Process Loss

A Almost Certain Likely to occur several times

per year 1 Insignificant

Will not result in first-aid

treatment

Little or no


Low financial loss

(<$5,000)

B Very Likely Likely to occur at least once in

5 years 2 Minor

First aid treatment is

required (no lost time)

Small and / or localised

impact

Medium financial loss

($5,000 - $20,000)

C Possible Might occur once in 5 years 3 Moderate

Medical / hospital time

or a lost time injury is

incurred by an employee

Substantial


High financial loss

($20,000 - $50,000)

D Unlikely Might occur once in 10 years 4 Major Serious bodily injury or

hospitalisation

Serious environmental

impact

Major financial loss

($50,000 - $500,000)

E Very Unlikely Unlikely except under

exceptional circumstances 5 Catastrophic

Fatality or permanent

disablement

Widespread


Huge financial loss

(>$500,000)

Risk Calculator

Extreme Risk 4 Stop Working

High Risk 3 Urgent Action - Should be reduced as soon as practicably possible

Moderate Risk 2 Management responsibility and action dates must be specified

Low Risk 1 Manage by routine procedures (i.e. SOP’s, SWMS’)


Attachment 2: Examples of Risk Control Selection


The Risk

Consequence: Major – a musculo-skeletal injury could cause permanent damage, someone could fall when bringing down the objects.

Likelihood: Moderate – nobody has been injured lifting down the items in the past, and they are not accessed often.


Risk Control Administrative

Develop procedures within the Branch regarding the storage of items. Ensure items that are accessed often are between knee and shoulder height and heavy items are not stored above head height.

Hazard 2 The tread of a step has been broken, and people can trip down a step.

The Risk

Consequence: Minor – a fall could cause a fracture.

Likelihood: Almost Certain – because lots of people use these steps.

Risk Level: Medium Risk

Risk Control Eliminate Replace the broken tread of the step.

Hazard 3 Boxes of paper have been stored in the stC2Cwell, and are obstructing the emergency exit. In case of an emergency people may get trapped in the building or a fire could start in the fire evacuation stC2Cwell.

The Risk

Consequence: Catastrophic – inability to exit a building during an emergency could lead to entrapment, smoke inhalation, panic and crushing injuries.

Likelihood: Likely – in the event of a fire it is likely that the exit will be congested or blocked.


Risk Control

Eliminate Remove the items in the passageway.

Administrative Erect signs in the passageway indicating it cannot be used for storage.

Administrative Determine how the items came to be stored in the emergency exit, and educate the people about the hazards of storing items there.

Administrative Include checking the emergency exits in the periodic workplace inspection plan.

Coast2Coast Earthmoving (C2C) WHS Risk Methodologycoast2coast.com.au/images/Subbies/WHS-Risk-Methodology-Policy.… · Identifying Hazards ... associated with non-routine tasks or

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