coal

MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYJAIPUR

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1. WHAT IS ENERGY

2. WHAT IS COAL

3. HISTORY

4. CONSUMPTION

5. ENERGY LOSS

6. COAL FORMATION

7. TYPES

8. AVALIBILITY

9. COAL MINES

10. DANGERS OF COAL MINES

11. PRESENT USE

12. FUTURE USE

13. ADVANTAGE

14. DISADVANTAGE

15. VARIOUS EFFECTS

- COAL IS AN UNRENEWABLE SOURCE OF FUEL

WHY?

- COAL IS FORMED FROM VEGETATION THAT CAN BE AS OLD AS 400 MILLION YEARS OLD. (THAT IS WHY IT’S CALLED A FOSSIL FUEL)

The earliest use of coal in the Americas was the Aztecs

In the 1300s in what is now the United States, Native Americans used coal for cooking, making clay pots, and heating.

Large-scale coal mining developed in the Industrial Revolution when demands for energy skyrocketed

The first documented mining of coal in the US was 50 tons dug in 1748 in Virginia

In the past, coal had a variety of uses.

Gas for gas lights

domestic heating, railroad fuel and for stationery steam engines.

Heating for the iron and steel industries

Weapons for the civil war

Over time different ways of creating energy have been discovered. These ways are a lot more complex it effects the environment a lot. Some of the ways that have been developed over time are Biomass, Wind, Geothermal, and Hydropower. These ways are not only a lot better for the environment but more efficient.

Coal covers about 21% of energy consumption. Even though it isn't the smart choice it will still keep our cities running until the next 25+ years.

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2.70%

9.90%

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55.60%

25.90%

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10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

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•50% of coal

•80% of natural gas

•65% of oil

65% lost in power plants

10% lost ontransmission lines(stray voltage)

Energy lost from coal

Formation of coal

Organic matter derived mostly from land plants accumulates in low-energy environment (like a swamp).

Oxidative decay uses up lots of oxygen, rendering the sediment pore waters devoid of oxygen (anoxic).

Gentle cooking and pressing (lithification) as a result of increasing burial depth remove the pore water and increase carbon content (due to release of volatile components of the organic molecules).

Low grade coal (lignite) cooked very little.

High grade coal (anthracite) cooked a lot (close to being a metamorphic rock).

Lower grade coal tends to contain minerals such as pyrite, which formed under the reducing (low-oxygen) conditions.

HOW IS COAL FORMED?PEAT – DECOMPOSED SUBMERGED PLANT REMAINSLIGNITE – YOUNG COAL. IT HAS LOW CARBON CONTENT

PEAT + PRESSURE + HEAT + TIME = COAL

MORE CARBON = MORE HEAT

COAL RANK CARBON CONTENT

ANTHRACITE 98%

BITUMINOUS 85%

LIGNITE 60%

Oil

Natural gas

Coal

Worldwide, compared to all other fossil fuels, coal is the most abundant and

widely distributed across the continents

998 billion tons

The resulting ratio of coal reserves to production is approximately 164

years (at current rates of production and no change in reserves)

Significant reserves are found in the United

States and Russia but not in the Middle East.

Availability of Coal Mines

Two types of coalmining

Surface mining

There are over1000 surfacemines in the U.S.

Undergroundmining

There are over1000 undergroundmines in the U.S

.Requires moreworkers, but isthe mostefficient process

Surface (strip) mine,

Western U.S.Underground (shaft) mine,

Eastern U.S.

There are many precautions coal miners have. They where a special device that detects poisonous gases that can harm humans. They used canaries to detect gases if the canary died that meant you got to get out of that mine.

Coal production has increased by more than 70% since

1970

9 out of every 10 tons of coal mined in the United States

today is used to generate electricity

56% of electricity in US is coal-generated

Use of coal is not limited to electricity generation:

Make chemicals, cement, paper, metal products

Methanol, ethylene

About 9 percent of U.S.-mined coal is exported to some 40

countries

The United States has a 300-year supply of coal, if it continues to use it at the same rate as today

Worldwide coal consumption is supposed to increase 2% per year from 2005 to 2030

29 percent of total world energy consumption in 2030

There will likely be a significant increase in the use of coal for electricity generation in countries such as China and India

New technologies will continue to enhance our ability to identify the shape and composition of untapped coal reserves

BETTER

- HIGHER HEATING VALUE COMPARED TO BIOMASS.

- MORE ABUNDANT THAN OIL.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF COAL?

VS

BETTER

VS

The combustion of coal produces carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrogen oxides with varying amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other pollutants

Coal-fired power plants represent the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions, which is a major cause of global warming

Coal-fired power plants represent the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions, which is a major cause of global warming

Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide (SO3) gas, which in turn reacts with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid. This acid in the atmosphere is returned to the Earth in the form of acid rain.

Black Lung Disease(miners)

Respiratory illnesses(public)

Effects on health

Coal sludge releases

Huge water useSlurry pipelines

Mountaintop removal

Hardpan at strip mines

Effects on land

Greenhouse gases3/4 sulfur dioxide1/3 nitrogen oxides1/2 carbon dioxide

Effects on air

www.wikipedia.com/coal use

www.googleimage.com/air pollution

www.slideshare.com/coal

THANK YOU