COAL AND COAL CHEMICALS .pptx

8/17/2019 COAL AND COAL CHEMICALS .pptx

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What is a CoalCoal is !a"#o$a!%o&s soli' #la!( o"

#"o)$ish #la!( s%'i*%$ta"+ "o!( *att%",

Coal is !o*os%' o. !hi%/+ !a"#o$ a$'oth%" %l%*%$ts li(% h+'"o%$ s&lh&"o+%$ $it"o%$ *oist&"% a$' $o$-!o*#&sti#l% i$o"a$i! *att%" !o$tai$i$sili!a i"o$ !al!i&* *a$%si&* *%"!&"+%t!,


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o"*atio$ o. Coal


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"a$so"tatio$ o. Coal "&!(s "ai$s

Ba"%s)at%")a+s

Sl&""+ i%li$%sLo i%li$%s


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Ba"%s


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Coal 7i%li$%


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8s%s o. Coal9%$%"atio$ o. %l%!t"i!it+St%%l "o'&!tio$

C%*%$t *a$&.a!t&"i$

As a li&i' o" as%o&s .&%l


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Ha"*.&l E;%!ts o. Coal9lo#al )a"*i$Wat%" oll&tio$

Ai" oll&tio$


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I*o"ta$!% o. Coal


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1, A$th"a!it%

2, Bit&*i$o&s

3, Li$it%

4, %at

TYPES OF COAL


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• ANTHRACITE : his is th% hih%st "a$(%' ha"'%st ol'%st a$' l%ast!o**o$ t+% o. !oal,

•Hih %"!%$ta% o. !a"#o$ is =>5? a$' %$%"+ !o$t%$t o. 25 *illio$

B8@to$ 11300 B8@l#,•BITUMINOUS : his is th% s%!o$' "a$( o. !oal so.t%" a$' +o&$%" th%$a$th"a!it%,

•Lo)%" %"!%$ta% o. !a"#o$ is 45->5? a$' %$%"+ !o$t%$t o. 24 *illio$B8@to$ 1000 B8@l# i$ th% 8S,

•

SUB-BITUMINOUS : thi"' "a$( o. !oal oss%ssi$ 35 45? !a"#o$ a$'*oist&"% th%$ #it&*i$o&s ,

•E$%"+ !o$t%$t o. 1 1> *illio$ B8@to$ 00 >300 B8@l# i$ th% 8S,

•LIGNITE : his is th% so.t%st +o&$%st a$' )%tt%st "a$( o. !oal o.t%$"%.%""%' to as #"o)$ !oal,

•Ca"#o$ !o$t%$t o. o$l+ 25 35? a$' !o""%so$'i$l+ lo)%" %$%"+ !o$t%$t,

•PEAT : It is %$%"all+ !o$si'%"%' a "%!&"so" o. !oal !o*os%' o. oF%" 60?o"a$i! *att%"G t+i!all+ .%"$s a$' F%%tatio$ .o&$' i$ s)a*, Its a F%"+so.t #"o)$ !oal,


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Mi$i$ o. CoalS&".a!% *i$i$

8to 30 *%t"%s ."o* "o&$' l%F%l,

8$'%""o&$' *i$i$

Mo"% tha$ 30 *%t"%s ."o* "o&$' l%F%l,


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COIN9 O COALIt i$FolF%s !a"#o$iJatio$ o. !oal at hih

t%*%"at&"% 1100KC i$ a#s%$!% o. o+%$to !o$!%$t"at% !a"#o$,

As th% t%*%"at&"% "is%s th% /&i'it+ o.

*ass "%a!h%s th% *ai*&* a$' th%$ th%*ass soli'i%s to .o"* !o(%,


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EEDCo(i$ !oal o" *%tall&"i!al !oal is &s%' as

.%%',

It sta"ts so.t%$i$ at 300KC

ECONOMICS

1 to$ o. !oal :1500 o&$'s o. !o(%

15 allo$s o. li&i' "o'&!ts,


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CHEMICAL


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7


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i&"% 1: Co(% Si'% o. a B+-7"o'&!t Co(% OF%$ Batt%"+


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i&"% 2: I$!a$'%s!%$t !o(% i$ th%oF%$ )aiti$ to #% &sh%',


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MAPO< EN9INEE


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8SES O COE Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent

in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.

Coke is sometimes used as a filter in whiskey

distilleries in which a mixture of coal and peat is used.

Discovered by accident to have superior heat

shielding properties when combined with other

materials.


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MAPO< IND8S


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9ASIICAION O COAL

Coal asi!atio$ o;%"s o$% o. th% *ost F%"satil%a$' !l%a$ )a+s to !o$F%"t !oal i$to %l%!t"i!it+h+'"o%$ a$' oth%" Fal&a#l% %$%"+ "o'&!ts,

!oal asi!atio$ )ill #% at th% h%a"t o. .&t&"%%$%"atio$s o. !l%a$ !oal t%!h$olo+ la$ts,


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COAL &ASIFICATION'EACTIONS

C s H2O T CO H2 UHK2> T 131,3(P@*ol

C s CO2 T 2 CO UHK2> T 12,5 (P@*ol

C s 2 H2 T CH4 UHK2> T 4,> (P@*olC s O2 T CO2 UHK2> T 33,5 (P@*ol

C s 1@2 O2 T CO UHK2> T 111,4 (P@*ol


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CLASSIFICATION OF &ASIFICATION P'OCESSES

The gasification processes can be classified basically in two general ways: (1 by the !tu content of the product gas

(" by the type of the reactor hardware configuration# as well as by whether the reactor system is operated

under pressure or not.

Medium- or High-Btu Gas Gasification Processes

1. $urgi gasifier ". %ynthane gasifier

&. 'tgas molten iron coal gasifier

Low- or Medium-Btu Gas Gasification Processes

1. oppers)Tot*ek gasifier

". Texaco gasifier

&. %hell gasifier

+. ellogg,s molten salt gasifier

-. C")acceptor gasification process

/. 0)gas process

Low-Btu Gas Only Gasification Process

1. 0nderground in situ gasification process


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Bas%' o$ th% "%a!to" !o$&"atio$ as )%llas #+ th% *%tho' o. !o$ta!ti$ as%o&sa$' soli' st"%a*s asi!atio$ "o!%ss%s!a$ also #% !at%o"iJ%' i$to th% .ollo)i$

.o&" t+%s:Fixed or moving bed

Fluidized bed

Entrained bedMolten salt bath reactor


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L89N2 A" 1,6


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ENVI


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EICIENCY BENEIS

E!i%$!+ ai$s a"% a$oth%" #%$%t o. !oal asi!atio$, I$ a t+i!al !oal

!o*#&stio$-#as%' o)%" la$t h%at ."o* #&"$i$ !oal is &s%' to #oil

)at%" *a(i$ st%a* that '"iF%s a st%a* t&"#i$%-%$%"ato", I$ so*% !oal

!o*#&stio$-#as%' o)%" la$ts o$l+ a thi"' o. th% %$%"+ Fal&% o. !oal is

a!t&all+ !o$F%"t%' i$to %l%!t"i!it+,A !oal asi!atio$ o)%" la$t ho)%F%" t+i!all+ %ts '&al '&t+ ."o*

th% as%s it "o'&!%s, i"st th% !oal as%s !l%a$%' o. i*&"iti%s a"%

"%' i$ a as t&"#i$% - *&!h li(% $at&"al as - to %$%"at% o$% so&"!% o.

%l%!t"i!it+, h% hot %ha&st o. th% as t&"#i$% a$' so*% o. th% h%at

%$%"at%' i$ th% asi!atio$ "o!%ss a"% th%$ &s%' to %$%"at% st%a*.o" &s% i$ a st%a* t&"#i$%-%$%"ato", his '&al so&"!% o. %l%!t"i! o)%"

!all%' a !o*#i$%' !+!l% is *&!h *o"% %!i%$t i$ !o$F%"ti$ !oals

%$%"+ i$to &sa#l% %l%!t"i!it+, h% .&%l %!i%$!+ o. a !oal asi!atio$

o)%" la$t i$ this t+% o. !o*#i$%' !+!l% !a$ ot%$tiall+ #% #oost%' to

50 %"!%$t o" *o"%,


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&t&"% !o$!%ts that i$!o"o"at% a .&%l !%ll o" a .&%l !%ll-as t&"#i$% h+#"i'!o&l' a!hi%F% %!i%$!i%s $%a"l+ t)i!% to'a+s t+i!al !oal !o*#&stio$

la$ts, I. a$+ o. th% "%*ai$i$ h%at !a$ #% !ha$$%l%' i$to "o!%ss st%a* o"

h%at %"has .o" $%a"#+ .a!to"i%s o" 'ist"i!t h%ati$ la$ts th% oF%"all .&%l

&s% %!i%$!+ o. .&t&"% asi!atio$ la$ts !o&l' "%a!h 0 to >0 %"!%$t,

Hih%" %!i%$!i%s t"a$slat% i$to *o"% %!o$o*i!al %l%!t"i! o)%" a$'

ot%$tial saFi$s .o" "at%a+%"s, A *o"% %!i%$t la$t also &s%s l%ss .&%l to

%$%"at% o)%" *%a$i$ that l%ss !a"#o$ 'ioi'% is "o'&!%', I$ .a!t !oal

asi!atio$ o)%" "o!%ss%s &$'%" '%F%lo*%$t #+ th% E$%"+ D%a"t*%$t

!o&l' !&t th% .o"*atio$ o. !a"#o$ 'ioi'% #+ 40 %"!%$t o" *o"% %" &$it o.

o&t&t !o*a"%' to to'a+s !o$F%$tio$al !oal-#&"$i$ la$t,

h% !aa#ilit+ to "o'&!% %l%!t"i!it+ h+'"o%$ !h%*i!als o" Fa"io&s

!o*#i$atio$s )hil% %li*i$ati$ $%a"l+ all ai" oll&ta$ts a$' ot%$tiall+

"%%$ho&s% as %*issio$s *a(%s !oal asi!atio$ o$% o. th% *ost

"o*isi$ t%!h$oloi%s .o" %$%"+ la$ts o. th% .&t&"%,


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)drogenation o% Coal

Introduction Coal o" h+'"o%$atio$ o. !oal i$FolF%s "aisi$ th% ato*i!

h+'"o%$ to !a"#o$ "atio, Coal !a$ #% !o$F%"t%' to li&i' a$'as%o&s .&%ls #+ 'i"%!t a$' i$'i"%!t "o!%ssi$, H+'"o%$atio$ o.!oal is also !all%' li&%.a!tio$ o. !oal, h% so&"!% o. !oal is ."o*Fa"io&s !oal *i$%s,

Hydrogenation reaction:

+(C&+n 2n" nC// 2 -nC 2 nC+ 3owedered coal 'romatic li4uid hydrocarbon

his is hihl+ %oth%"*i! "%a!tio$


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Pro(e## *o+ #heet,


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Technical question:

1. 5hat are the various ways for coal to be fed to hydrogenation process6

". 7n the changing energy scenarios of the world# in what way hydrogenation

of coal is beneficial6


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"conomics:

• The hydrogenation of coal can produce /8 to 98 gallons of li4uid product per ton of

coal# some + to - times the yield of straight high temperature coking process.

• %everal maor petroleum companies have bought or leased coal properties and are

reevaluating this coal hydrogenation techni4ues.


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Coal a"

It is a #la!( to #"o)$ oil+ a$' Fis!o&s /&i'o. !ha"a!t%"isti! o'o" "o'&!%' '&"i$ hiho" lo) t%*%"at&"% !a"#o$iJatio$ o. !oal'&"i$ !o(% *a$&.a!t&"%,

It is a !o*l% a$' Fa"ia#l% *it&"% o.h%$ols ol+!+!li! a"o*ati! h+'"o!a"#o$s7AHs a$' h%t%"o!+!li! !o*o&$'s a#o&t200 ssta$!%s i$ all,

2 t+%s o. !oal ta":-

1 Lo) t%*%"at&"% ta"

2 Hih t%*%"at&"% ta"


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Wh+ )% $%%' to 'istillat% !oalta"

Co$tai$s a"o&$' 200 !h%*i!als, o "%!oF%" i*o"ta$t !h%*i!als li(%

$ahthal%$% h%$ol #%$Jol !"%osot%+"i'i$% a$th"a!%$% %t!,


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Co*ositio$ o. Coal ta"


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Distillatio$ o. Coal a"


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MaRo" E$i$%%"i$ 7"o#l%*s

Co""osio$ a$' %"osio$

)o $%) t%!h$i&%s &s%' to i*"oF% &"it+o. "o'&!ts, h%+ a"%:-

1 H+'"o'%s&l.&"iJatio$

2 SolF%$t %t"a!tio$


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8s%s o. Coal a"

Ma(i$ o. "oa's,B%i$ /a**a#l% !oal ta" is so*%ti*%s

&s%' .o" h%ati$ o" to "% #oil%"s

Coal ta" is also &s%' to *a$&.a!t&"% ai$tss+$th%ti! '+%s a$' hoto"ahi! *at%"ials,

Coal ta" is still &s%' to t"%at a Fa"i%t+ o.s(i$ 'iso"'%"s,

It !a$ #% &s%' i$ *%'i!at%' sha*oo soaa$' oi$t*%$t,


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Coal


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Coal


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Coal Co$s&*tio$ i$ I$'ia


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COAL AND COAL CHEMICALS .pptx

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