Climate change seminar at lu

CONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN NEPALKrishna Karki

FOCUS OF MY PRESENTATION

Introduction

Causes of greenhouse gas (GHG)

Impact on agriculture

Pest and pathogens in Nepal.

Mitigation steps taken.

Conclusion

CONTD..Pest and pathogens in Nepal.

Mitigation steps taken. Conclusion

INDIA

CHINA

Monso

on

Bay of Bengal

250

500

1000

20001000

1500

1500

1500

1500

1500

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

1500

1500

1500

3000

3000

3000

3000

1500

1500

Above 50004500-50004000-50003000- 40002000-30001000-2000Below 1000

N

EW

S

100 0 100 km

Physiographic Map of Nepal

Arctic

Alpine

Subalpine

Cool

WarmTemperate

Subtropical

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

4500

5000

Alt

itud

e in

(m

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

°C

Elevation (m)

Climatic Zone

Mean annual Air Temp.

HimalHillTerai

54103 km²

60024 km²

33864 km²

N

100 0 100 km

02468

1012

Mountain Hill TeraiP

opul

atio

n (m

illio

n)

Population Distribution in Nepal

(Source: CBS 2009=28.5 million)

8%

43%49%

Global temperature increasing 0.3 to 0.6oC;Aerosols have negative radiative forcing but relatively short lived; andExpected to rise 1 to 3.5oC by 2100

Conclusion Made by IPCC 1995

Energy consumption in Nepal

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON

AGRICULTURE

Trend of temperature changes in Kathmandu (Max)

Glacial Melts

Nepalese glaciers are retreating at a rate of about over 33 m per year.

As many as 20 lakes are at risk of outburst

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN NEPAL

Annual total rainfall fluctuated, but temperature gradually increased Week to record 100 mm rain but now in

hours. Numbers of such events were 55 in a year in ‘70s and now 90 Numbers of dry days temperature over

25oC is increasing

DISEASES INCIDENCE DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Rice - blasts, sheath blight, and brown spotsWheat- stem rusts such as yellow rust, black rustsMaize – foliar blight (dollar disease)Lentil and chick peas- Botrytis Gray Mosaic Virus (BGM) Lentil- Lentil blight (organisms not known)Potato- Late blight Citrus- citrus cancer, greening virus, powdery mildews

MITIGATION STEPS

Biogas plants establishmentConservation agriculture-Zero and minimum tillage

Organic farming and reforestation -carbon sequestration

Breeding crop varieties suitable for CC

Jatropa plantation for bio-fuels

CONCLUSION

Temperature rising & hydrological regimes seriously affected Nepalese agriculture

There could be some advantages to summer crops but harmful to the winter crops

Overwintering of pests & diseases increased stresses to crops

CONCLUSION....

Breeding short duration, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress is needed

Limit the use of fossil fuel but not in expense of food crops.

Flooding in Nepal

Koshi River Floods in 2008 destroyed 250,000 homes in 1600 villages

In the year 2010; 1600 family. Displaced due to floods and Landslides in 43 districts across the country within more than two months period