Click to edit Master subtitle style Wheat, Cotton, & Peanut Management Update Todd Baughman Extension Agronomist 940-552-9941 x 233 [email protected].

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Wheat, Cotton, & Peanut Management

Update

Todd BaughmanExtension Agronomist940-552-9941 x [email protected]

The outcome of any serious research can only be to make two questions grow where only one grew before

Timing N Applications

• Wheat requires very little fall nitrogen

• In-furrow DAP usually enough for grain-only

• Delay N applications until late-winter or early spring

• Have N moved into soil by jointing

Top Dressing Wheat

FactorsSoil Test Residual N

Preplant N

Yield Goal – 30 bu/A

Stocking Rate – 1/2A

Grazing Time – 105 days

Total N Requirement

Total N/A+10 lbs/A+20 lbs/A-45 lbs/A

-24 lbs/A-39 lbs/A

Yield N based on 1.5 lbs/bushel

Grazing N based on 15 lbs dry matter/day/animal and 0.03 lbs N per pound of forage (105/2 * 0.45)

Prevention is the Cheapest Form of Weed

Control• Use good quality weed-free seed

• Raise a good healthy crop

• Rogue fields of new infestations

• Manage turnrows, fences, corners, and ditches

• Combine worst fields last

• Don’t plant something that you cannot control later

• Crop rotation

• Graze out worst fields and control weeds with glyphosate

Proper Weed I.D. is Critical

• Knowing what weed you are trying to control makes decisions easier and better

• Crucial to proper herbicide choice and correct timing

Wild Oat

Ryegrass

Rescuegrass

Japanesse Brome

Wildoat

• Seedling leaves roll counter-clockwise

• Hairs on margin of the leaves

• No hairs usually on top of leaf blade

• Multiple Flushes in fall and spring

Rescuegrass(Wild Rye)

• Large flat seedhead

• Leaf blades and sheath hairy

• Mature plant maybe hairy on upper-side of leaves only

• Difficult to control

Japanese Brome

• Leaf blades and sheath hairy

• Mature plant leaves hairy on both sides

• Dropping head, noticeable awns (beards)

Cheat/Cheatgrass

• No true cheat in West Texas

DO NOT MAKE THE

SOLUTION WORSE THAN

THE PROBLEM!!!

Timing is Everything

• Often times weed control will be better with early (fall) applications of a herbicide

• However, yields will almost always be higher with early (fall, 1-4 wks after planting) applications

• With wheat and cotton this is due to early season competition between weeds and wheat

Weed Competition

Percent Yield Loss (30 plants/yd2)

• Feral Rye = 51 (84)• Wild Oats = 27 (41)• Italian Ryegrass = 23 (46)• Cheat = 21 (33)• Jointed Goatgrass 21 (25)

Oklahoma State University – B. J. Fast, C. R. Medlin, D. S. Murray, and L. M. Verhalen

Rainfall received within 10 days of planting

Wildoat ResearchHardeman County 09-10

LSD = 7.5

WARNINGTHE DIRECTIONS ON THIS LABEL ARE ONLY GOOD IF YOU FOLLOW THEM

Marestail Control

• Marestail germinates in both fall and spring. Add a phenoxy herbicide and possibly ALS residual herbicide

Windmillgrass Control

• Windmill grass control approximately 90% with 2 lbs ai/A glyphosate (48 fl oz/A Powermax) may take 2 applications

Soil Testing Foundation of a sound fertility program

Soil analysis is only as good as the sample

Annual testing to credit residual nutrients.

Sampling with depth to detect mobile nutrients

(N, S, B) and deeper K.

Residual Nitrogen in the Soil Profile

You never know what is there unless you test

It is plant available and it is yours!

Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Cotton Lint Yield

N Rate Yield (lbs/A)

(lbs/A) Calhoun Wharton San Pat. William. Falls

0 747 717 1240 804 729

50 835 757 1170 889 712

100 814 779 1319 880 742

150 692 658 1278 886 676

Means within a column are not significantly different (P<0.05).

McFarland, 2009

Deep Sampling for Nitrogen

2820202422262210612 inches

96808896947886210Total

40

20

20

20

10

10

Site 7

48404442464215424

2824282416202036 – 48

2024242816243624 – 36

2020202020204812 – 24

121012121010426 – 12

161012101612640 – 6

Site 8

Site 6Site 5Site 4Site 3

Site 2

Site1

Depth(inches) Lbs of Plant Available Nitrogen

McFarland, 2009

Starter Fertilizer Rates

Fine Textured Soils Sandy Textured Soils

Row Spacing (in) 20 30 40 20 30 40

Pop-up 8-12 5-8 6 8 5 4

2-in side 60 40 30 40 20 15

Effects of Humic Acid on Cotton Lint Yield, Stiles Farm 2003-2006

Co

tto

n L

int

Yie

ld (

lbs.

/A)

P>F = 0.7721CV% = 15.8

Untreated 1 gal Humic acid 3 gal Humic acid

Humic acid applied with liquid fertilizer prior to planting

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Click to edit the outline text format

Second Outline Level Third Outline

LevelFourth Outline Level Fifth Outline Level

Sixth Outline Level

Seventh Outline Level

Eighth Outline Level

• Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles– Second level

• Third level– Fourth level

» Fifth level

Potassium

Functions in Plant:Water use efficiency

Disease resistance

Fiber production

Late season deficiency

Environmental conditions (effects on root system)

- very wet (waterlogged soils) - very dry

Yield potential - heavy boll load (relative) Severe deficiencies

- secondary pathogen infection → premature defoliation

Late Season K Problems

Effects of Soil and Foliar Applied K

on Cotton Lint Yield(San Patricio County)

Lin

t Y

ield

(lb

s./a

cre)

P>F = 0.1169Variety FM819Soil test = 173 ppm K(“medium-high”)

1190

1384

1271

12921302 1297

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

Untreated 60 K 60 K + Foliar K 120 K 120 K + Foliar K Foliar K

Potassium Management

Medium/heavy soils typically sufficient. - high-end production may tax soil K-supplying potential. Foliar application possible, but may not

be economical. Soil applications more cost effective. Soil tests showing marginal sufficiency

(125 ppm K) may justify application.

Glyphosate Resistance to date (12/07/09)

1. Palmer amaranth GA, NC, AR, TN, MS 2005, 05, 06, 06, 08

2. common waterhemp MO*, IL*, KA, MN 2005, 06, 06, 07

3. common ragweed AR, MO, KA 2004, 04, 07

4. giant ragweed OH, AR, IN, KA, MN, TN 2004, 05, 05, 06, 06, 07

5. hairy fleabane CA, other countries 2003-07

6. horseweed OH*, 17 states 2000-07

7. Sourgrass Paraguay, Brazile 2006, 08

8. Junglerice Australia 2007

9. goosegrass Malaysia* 1997

10. wild pointsettia Brazil* 2006

11. Italian ryegrass OR, MS 2004, 05

12. rigid ryegrass CA, many* 1998

13. Ragweed parthenium Columbia 2004

14. buckhorn plantain S. Africa 2003

15. johnsongrass Argentina, AR 2005, 2007

16. Liverseedgrass Australia 2008

Volunteer Cotton Control

Buctril, Ignite, Aim, & ET all effective at 5-8 leaf

Layby Pro effective at 5-8 leaf

Valor somewhat effective at 5-8 leaf

No product effective at 10-12 leaf

Peanut Management Considerations

ROTATION! ROTATION! ROTATION!!!

Proper rotation is the key to maintaining high yields.

High yields key to maintaining peanut profitability.

WATER! WATER! WATER!

Adequate water quality and quanity are needed for high

yielding peanut.

Timely Disease Management

Effect of Seeding Rate on Peanut Yield

THOSE WHO THROW OBJECTS AT THE ALIGATOR WILL BE ASKED

TO RETRIEVE THEM

ANY QUESTIONS???

• Todd Baughman• 940-552-9941 x 233• ta-

[email protected]

• http://peanut.tamu.edu