Classification of Matter

Classification of MatterMatter

Mixtures

Substances

Homogenous mixture

Heterogeneous mixture

Compounds

Elements

Can it be separated?

YES NO

Is the composition uniform?

YES NO Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?

NOYES

(water, sodium chloride)

(gold, silver, carbon)sugar in water blood,

chocolate chip cookie, sand

Properties of Matter Extensive- depend on the

amount of matter that is presentVolume, mass

Intensive- do not depend on the amount of matter presentMelting point, boiling point, density

Physical Properties and Physical Changes

Physical Property: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance Melting point, boiling point

Physical Change: change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance Cutting, boiling, grinding, melting, dissolving

Chemical Properties and Changes

Chemical Property: relates to the substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances

Ability of iron to rust when combined with oxygen in the air

Chemical Change: change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances Burning, combustion, decomposition

Physical or Chemical? Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius Diamonds are capable of cutting glass Water can be separated by electrolysis

into hydrogen and oxygen Sugar is capable of dissolving in water Vinegar will react with baking soda Yeast acts on sugar to form carbon

dioxide and ethanol Wood is flammable

PP

CPC

CC

Which statement describes a chemical property

of hydrogen gas?(1) Hydrogen gas burns in air.(2) Hydrogen gas is colorless.(3) Hydrogen gas has a density of 0.000 09

g/cm3at STP.(4) Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of 20. K

at standard pressure.

Separating Mixtures Filtration Vaporization Decanted Centrifuge (based on density) Chromatography (based on polarity) Magnetism Density

Diatomic Elements Chemical elements whose stable form at

STP consists of diatomic molecules Iodine I2 Bromine Br2 Chlorine Cl2 Fluorine F2 Oxygen O2 Nitrogen N2 Hydrogen H2

Symbols s= solid l = liquid g = gas aq = aqueous (dissolved in water)

Metals are on left Non-metals are on right Transition metals are in the middle Metalloids or semi-metals on “Boron

staircase”

Elements which are gases at room temperature

Hydrogen Helium Fluorine Chlorine Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon Oxygen Nitrogen

Elements that are liquids at room temperature

Bromine Mercury

All other elements are solids at room temperature