Classification of Matter

Ch 16: Properties of Matter

Mrs. Neistadt

Physical Science

Notes Chapter 16.1

*What is Matter?

*Matter is a term used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space.

Classifying Matter

• *Matter is divided into two categories: mixtures and substances.

• *Mixtures contain more than one kind of matter. – For example: Cola is a mixture of

carbonated water, corn syrup, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors and caffeine.

Two Types of Mixtures

• *A Homogeneous Mixture is the same throughout.– Examples: unopened cola, gasoline,

peanut butter

• *A Heterogeneous Mixture has differences throughout a sample.– Examples: chicken noodle soup, salad, rocky

road ice cream

What is a Substance• *A Substance cannot be separated into

different kinds of matter by physical methods. (sorting, filtering, heating, cooling)– Example: table salt (sodium + chlorine)

– *A substance that contains only ONE type of matter is called an Element.

• Sodium is an element, as is chlorine

Periodic Table of Elements

What is a compound?

• * A Compound is a substance made of two or more elements that cannot be separated by physical means. (sorting, heating, cooling, filtering)

• Is saltwater a

compound?

16.1 Classifying Matter

Key Question:

How can a homogenous mixture be separated?

Notes Chapter 16.2Measuring Matter

Daily Question: How do we measure matter?

1. If its liquid: find its volume

2. If its solid: find its mass

3. If its irregular: use the displacement method

• To find the volume, simply measure in a marked container.

• To find mass, use a balance.

What if the item is an odd shape?• The Displacement Method works to

find the mass of irregularly shaped objects.

What is the volume of the objects?

How can we determine the amount of matter in a rock?

1. Measuring the mass of the rock on a balance

2. Measuring the volume of the rock by using displacement technique

Notes Chapter 16.3

DQ: What are the four states of matter?

(hint: pg 292)

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Molecules and Atoms

• *A Molecule is the smallest part of a compound that retains its properties.

• *An Atom is the smallest part of an element.

• Atoms are more than a trillion times smaller than what we can see with a microscope.

Atoms are always moving• *At higher temperatures there is more

energy- so atoms move faster

• *At lower temperatures there is less energy- so atoms move slower

• *Temperature influences the changes of state of an atom or molecule.

States of Matter• *Solid- retains its shape and size;

Molecules vibrate, but cannot change position.

States of Matter

• *Liquids- has a definite volume, but no definite shape; molecules can move over and around each other and will fit into whatever container its poured into.

States of Matter

• *Gas- has no definite size or shape; molecules float around freely and will spread out evenly throughout the container

States of Matter

• *Plasma- atoms heated to such high temperature they lose their outer layer of electrons. Not often found on Earth, but makes up 99% of matter in the universe.

Create a GraphHomogenous Mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture

Molecule Element