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Answer ALL questions.

1.The boxes show four structures found in cells and five functions carried outin cells.

Match each structure to its correct function by drawing a straight line from each

structure to its function.

(4)

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(4)

(b) Diagrams P and Q show the front view of a human eye.

(i) Complete diagram P to show the pupil as it would appear in bright light.

(1)

(ii) Complete diagram Q to show the pupil as it would appear in dim light.

(1)

(iii) Explain how the different light conditions cause the pupil to change size.

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(3)

(Total 15 marks)

3. The sex of a person is determined by two chromosomes, X and Y.

(a) (i) Complete the genetic cross by writing in the correct X and Y

chromosomes in the circles.

(4)

(ii) State the sex of the offspring A, B, C and D.

A .............................................................................................................................

B .............................................................................................................................

C .............................................................................................................................

D .............................................................................................................................

(2)

(Total 6 marks)

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4. The table contains descriptions of three practical techniques.

For each technique state one safety precaution and give one reason for each

precaution.

Practical technique Precaution Reason

Heating glucose with

Benedicts solution

Cutting a piece of potato

using a razor blade

(Total 4 marks)

5 (a) The boxes below show some of the stages in the division of the nucleus of

a cell by mitosis. The boxes are not in the correct order.

A B

C D

E

(i) Put the stage A to E in the order in which they occur as the nucleus of a celldivides by mitosis. The first one has been done for you.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(2)

Nuclear membrane

disappears. Spindle appears

Chomosomes arranged at

the equator of spindle

Chromosomes become

visible in cell

New nuclei formed at

opposite ends of cell

Threads (chomatids) pulled

to opposite ends of cell

B

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(ii) Explain why it is important that the 2 new cells, formed by mitosis, receive

nuclei identical to the parent cell.

(2)

(b) Complete the table to show four differences between meiosis and mitosis.

S.no Mitosis Meiosis

(4)

(Total 8 marks)

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6.The diagram shows the human female reproductive system on the 14th day of

a 28-day menstrual cycle.

(a) Name the parts labelled A, B and C.

A .............................................................................................................................

B .............................................................................................................................

C .............................................................................................................................

(3)

(b) Describe and explain two ways in which this female reproductive system

would be different in the first three days of the menstrual cycle.

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(4)

(c) State three things that could happen to a sperm after it has been deposited at

point X.

1 .............................................................................................................................

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2 .............................................................................................................................

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(4)

(Total 11 marks)

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7.The photograph below shows a potted plant about twelve hours after it fell

over.

(a) (i) Name the two stimuli that the plant is responding to.

1 .............................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) Describe the responses to these two stimuli.

1 ..............................................................................................................................

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2 ..............................................................................................................................

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(b) Suggest why the responses shown by the plant to these stimuli are much

slower than a human response (such as the withdrawal reflex).

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(3)

(Total 9 marks)

8. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive condition caused when the normal allele is

mutated. The recessive allele results in the presence of very thick mucus. This

thick mucus causes a blockage of the pancreatic duct.

(a) (i) Describe what is meant by the term mutated allele.

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(2)(ii) Describe the effects of a blockage of the pancreatic duct.

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(b) (i) A man and a woman who do not have cystic fibrosis produce a child who

has the condition.

Using a suitable genetic diagram, show how this is possible.

In your diagram, use F to represent the allele for the normal condition and f to

represent the allele for the cystic fibrosis condition.

(4)

(ii) If this man and woman have a second child, state the chances that it will be

a

girl ..........................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................a child that does not have cystic

fibrosis ...................................................................................................................

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(2)

(Total 9 marks)

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9.The diagram below shows a structure found in the alimentary canal.

(a) (i) Name this structure.

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(1)

(ii) Name the region of the alimentary canal where these structures are found.

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(1)

(b) There are many millions of these structures and they absorb digested food.

(i) Name twoproducts of digestion that are absorbed into vessel A.

1 .............................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) Name oneproduct of digestion that is absorbed into vessel B.

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(1)

(ii) Explain the way both the muscles act on alimentary canal.

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(2)

(Total 7 marks)

10. Describe an investigation you could carry out to determine the effect of

Vitamin D on the growth rate of young mice.

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(Total 6 marks)

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11.The diagram below shows a section through the heart with certain parts

labelled.

(a) Name parts A, B, C and D and give the function of each part.

Write your answers in the table below.

(8)

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(b) (i) X and Y are different types of valve. Give the function of valves.

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(1)

(ii) Where in the circulatory system, other than in the heart, are valves found?

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(1)

(c) (i) Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

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(1)

(ii) The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than those of the right ventricle.

Explain the importance of this difference.

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(3)(Total 14 marks)

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12.(a) The diagram below shows organs in the thorax.

(i) State which letter on the diagram indicates each of the following:

The trachea ............................................................................................................

A bronchus .............................................................................................................

The diaphragm .......................................................................................................

(3)

(ii) Name structure X.

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(1)

(iii) Explain the difference between breathing and respiration.

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(2)

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(b) Air is forced into the lungs when the pressure in the thoracic cavity falls

below the pressure of the air outside the body.

How is this fall in pressure brought about?

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(4)

(c) Describe and explain the changes that occur to the air as it passes along the

trachea.

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(4)

(Total 14 marks)

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13. (a) The diagram below shows a section through a kidney.

(i) Name the tube labelled X.

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(1)

(ii) Name the liquid found in the pelvis of the kidney.

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(1)

(iii) State the main processes occurring in the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Cortex ....................................................................................................................

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Medulla ..................................................................................................................

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(2)

(b) Suggest why the glucose content of the blood in the renal vein is lower than

that in the blood in the renal artery.

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(1)

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(d) (d) On a very hot day, the volume of the urine is likely to decrease.

(i) Explain the mechanism that brings about this change.

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(3)

(ii) What effect is this change likely to have on the concentration of urea in the

urine?

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(1)

(Total 13 marks)

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10. Describe an investigation you could carry out to determine the effect of

Vitamin D on the growth rate of young mice.

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(Total 6 marks)

The table below contains incomplete biological statements. Complete each

statement by writing the correct number in each box. The first statement has

been done for you.

(Total 5 marks)

7040/01

London Examinations GCEBiologyOrdinary Level

Paper 1Friday 16 January 2009AfternoonTime: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials