1 City of Cape Town – 2011 Census – Cape Town December 2012 Trends and Change - 10 years: Census 2001 – Census 2011 Compiled by Strategic Development Information and GIS Department, City of Cape Town 1996, 2001 and 2011 Census data supplied by Statistics South Africa (Based on Census 2011 information available at the time of compilation, as released by Statistics South Africa) Population and Households, Demographic Profile, Economic Profile, Household Services Profile Population Cape Town and Western Cape: Three Census years – 1996, 2001, 2011 (5, 10 and 15 year trend) Population 1996 Census 2001 Census 2011 Census Western Cape 3 956 876 4 524 334 5 822 734 Cape Town 2 563 095 2 893 249 3 740 026 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1996 2001 2011 Millions Western Cape Cape Town
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City of Cape Town – 2011 Census – Cape Town December 2012
Trends and Change - 10 years: Census 2001 – Census 2011 Compiled by Strategic Development Information and GIS Department, City of Cape Town 1996, 2001 and 2011 Census data supplied by Statistics South Africa (Based on Census 2011 information available at the time of compilation, as released by Statistics South Africa) Population and Households, Demographic Profile, Economic Profile, Household Services Profile
Population Cape Town and Western Cape: Three Census years – 1996, 2001, 2011 (5, 10 and 15 year trend)
Population 1996 Census 2001 Census 2011 Census
Western Cape 3 956 876 4 524 334 5 822 734
Cape Town 2 563 095 2 893 249 3 740 026
0
1
2
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1996 2001 2011
Mill
ion
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Western Cape Cape Town
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Cape Town Population and Households – 2001 Census and 2011 Census
Cape Town 2001 2011 Change 2001 to 2011
Number %
Population 2 892 243 3 740 025 847 782 29.3%
Households 777 389 1 068 572 291 183 37.5%
Average Household Size 3.72 3.50
In 2011 the population of Cape Town was 3 740 025, an increase of 29.3% since 2001, and the number of households was 1 068 572, an increase of 37.5% since 2001. The average household size has declined from 3.72 to 3.50 in the 10 years. A household is defined as a group of persons who live together, and provide themselves jointly with food or other essentials for living, or a single person who lives alone (Statistics South Africa) The population and household numbers in the table above are to be used and quoted as the official numbers for Cape Town for 2011.
Cape Town Population Group – 2001 Census and 2011 Census: change
The composition of the population has changed. For example, the Black African population increased by 58%, the Coloured population by 14% and the Asian population by 25 % (from a low base). The White population group increased by 8%.
In period 1996 – 2011 (15 years):
The population of Cape Town has increased by 46%
The composition of the population has changed. For example, the Black African population increased by 124%, with the Coloured population increasing by 28%. The Asian population increased by 37% (from a low base.) The White population group increased by 7.8%, a slight decrease from the 10 year trend.
Notes:
1. There are small variations in the total population and the number of households in the profile tables which follow. These occur as Statistics South Africa had to calculate the true population to correct omissions and double counts in the enumeration process. These variations are not significant.
2. The category “other” was included in some questions in the 2011 Census. The 2001 Census did not have an “other” category for some questions hence information for “other” is only indicated for some variables in 2001.
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Cape Town Households and Population – 2001 Census and 2011 Census: change
Three Census years – 1996, 2001, 2011 (5, 10 and 15 year trend)
Cape Town Population
Group
Households Population
1996 to 2001 % change
5 years
2001 to 2011 % change 10 years
1996 to 2011 % change 15 years
1996 to 2001 % change
5 years
2001 to 2011 % change 10 years
1996 to 2011 % change 15 years
Black African 49.5% 77.1% 164.8% 42.3% 57.6% 124.3%
Coloured 19.4% 15.5% 37.9% 12.3% 13.8% 27.9%
Asian 15.1% 41.7% 63.2% 9.6% 24.7% 36.7%
White 5.5% 13.2% 19.4% -0.2% 8.0% 7.8%
Total 19.0% 37.5% 63.6% 12.9% 29.3% 45.9%
The population and number of households in Cape Town have changed at different rates, with the overall trend being that the number of households has increased at a higher rate than the population has increased as outlined above and below.
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years):
• The number of households in Cape Town increased 38% (the population increased 29%) • The number of Black African households increased 77% (the population increased 58%) • The number of Coloured households increased 16% (the population increased 14%)
In the period 1996 – 2011 (15 years):
• The number of households in Cape Town increased 64% (the population increased 46%) • The number of Black African households increased 165% (the population increased 124%) • The number of Coloured households increased 38% (the Population increased 28%)
Note: 5 years = % change Census 1996 to 2001 10 years = % change Census 2001 to 2011 15 years = % change Census 1996 to 2011
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
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70%
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130%
140%
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170%
5years
10years
15years
5years
10years
15years
5years
10years
15years
5years
10years
15years
5years
10years
15years
Black African Coloured Asian White Total
Households Population
Cape Town Households and Population Growth by Population Group
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Cape Town Households Size – 2001 Census and 2011 Census: change
Three Census years – 1996, 2001, 2011 (5, 10 and 15 year trend)
Cape Town Average Household Size (Number of people per
household)
Black African Coloured Asian White Total
Cape Town
Census 1996 3.83 4.77 4.33 2.79 3.92
Census 2001 3.65 4.49 4.12 2.64 3.72
Census 2011 3.25 4.42 3.63 2.52 3.50
The average household size in Cape Town has changed over the past 15 years, with the overall trend being that the average household size has decreased from 3.92 persons per household in 1996 to 3.50 persons per household in 2011.
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years):
• The average household size in Cape Town decreased from 3.72 persons to 3.50 persons per household.
• In 2011 the Coloured population group had the highest average household size of 4.42 slightly down from the average 4.49 in 2001.
• In 2011, the Black African population group has the second lowest average household size of 3.25, a reduction from the 3.65 average figure in 2001.
• In 2011, 43.8 % of all Cape Town households are one or two person households, up from 36.8% in 2001
• In 2011, 33% of all Cape Town households are three or four person households, decreased from 35% in 2001.
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1 person 2 people 3 people 4 people 5 people 6 people 7 people 8 people 9 peopleOver 9people
The population gender distribution of males and females has largely remained the same, with there being more females than males in Cape Town.
In 2011, the percentage of females of the total population declined slightly from 52% in 2001 to 51% in 2010. The number of males increased slightly as a percentage of the total from 48% in 2001 to close to 49% in 2011.
In 2011, in a similar pattern to the population growth in Cape Town, the percentage of Black African males and females increased as a percentage of the total population: Black African males from 15.5% in 2001 to 19.3% in 2010; Black African females from 16.2% in 2001 to 19.3% in 2011.
Coloured females, who made up the highest percentage of the total population of Cape Town in 2001 at 25.2%, remained the highest percentage of the population of Cape Town in 2011, however at the lower percentage of 22%.
Cape Town Age Distribution – 2001 Census and 2011 Census
Census 2001 Cape Town Age and Population
Group 2001
Black African Coloured Asian White Total
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
0 to 4 years 92 111 10.1% 128 573 9.2% 3 294 7.9% 28 849 5.3% 252 827 8.7%
5 to 14 years 162 857 17.8% 282 084 20.3% 7 436 17.9% 65 825 12.1% 518 202 17.9%
15 to 24 years 218 809 23.9% 270 919 19.5% 8 251 19.9% 80 042 14.7% 578 021 20.0%
25 to 64 years 427 329 46.6% 653 564 46.9% 20 577 49.6% 298 574 55.0% 1 400 044 48.4%
65 years and older 15 417 1.7% 57 413 4.1% 1 917 4.6% 69 410 12.8% 144 157 5.0%
Cape Town Age Pyramid 2001 Cape Town Age Pyramid 2011
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years):
The age distribution of the population of Cape Town has changed and aged in the past 10 years, most noticeably reflected in the age pyramids above.
The population of Cape Town in terms of age groups remains predominantly in the 25 – 64 years group (51% in 2011, 48% in 2001).
In 2011, there are smaller cohorts in the 5 – 24 age groups than in 2001. For example, in 2011, 18% are in the 15 – 24 year age group, a decrease since 2001 (20%); 15 % of the population is aged 5 – 14 years (in 2001 was 18%); 10% 4 years or younger (in 2001 was 9%).
The population is also starting to age, with increasing percentages of the population in the 65 years and older category. The White population group is reflecting this change most over the past 10 years, with 15% of the population in 2011 in this age category (in 2001 was 13%), close to three times the percentage compared to other population groups.
The median age in Cape Town is 28 years.
In terms of the age cohorts and the highest percentage by population group, the 2011 Census has retained a similar pattern to the 2001 age distribution for Cape Town. In 2011 in the 0 to 4 years category 12% are Black Africans; 5 – 14 year category 17% are Coloureds; 15 to 24 years old – 21% are Black African; 25 – 64 year category 58% are White; and 65 years and older 15% are White.
The young Black African and Coloured age cohorts and older White and Asian age cohorts in 2011 have implications for service delivery needs, planning and implementation.
The ten year trend for adult education of those age 20 years and older is positive in that the percentage of those with no schooling has declined from 4.2 % in 2001 to 1.8% in 2011.
The percentage of adults who have Grade 12 has also increased from 25% in 2001 to 30% in 2011.
In 2011 16% of adults in Cape Town have an education level higher than Grade 12, which has increased from 13% in 2001.
Whilst there have been increases In the percentages of Black African and Coloured population of adults who have Grade 12: Black African increased from 20% in 2001 to 30% in 2011; and Coloured adults increased from 21% in 2001 to 27%in 2011, these figures are relatively low compared to the Asian population group of 35% with Grade 12 and White 36% in 2011.
To note with regard to the implications for skills development is in 2011, the relatively low percentage of Black Africans and Coloureds with an education level higher than Grade 12 at 9% (up from 6% in 2001), compared to Asians 35 % in 2011 (up from 22% in 2001) and Whites 45% in 2011 (up from 36% in 2001).
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Economic Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change Cape Town Labour Force Indicators – 2001 Census and 2011 Census Census 2001
The percentage of the population in Cape Town aged 15 – 64 years who is employed has increased from 47% in 2001 to 50% in 2011, whilst the percentage of those who are unemployed as declined from 20% in 2001 to 16 % in 2011.
The percentage of the population aged 15 – 64 years that is not economically active has remained largely the same with a slight decline from 33% in 2001 to 32 % in 2011.
The percentage of the population aged 15 – 64 years in Black African population group which is employed has increased from 35% in 2001 to 43% in 2011, whilst the percentage in the Coloured population group who are employed has declined slightly from 49% in 2001 to 48% in 2011.
It is important however to view the above figures in terms of rates these figures follow.
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Cape Town Labour Force Indicators – 2001 Census and 2011 Census (continued) Census 2001
Cape Town Labour Force Indicators - 2001
Black African Coloured Asian White Other* Total
Population aged 15 to 64 years 646 154 924 570 28 850 378 481 0 1 978 055
Labour Force 452 762 600 420 17 205 254 087 0 1 324 474
Employed 227 372 453 208 15 114 242 100 0 937 794
Unemployed 225 390 147 212 2 091 11 987 0 386 680
Not Economically Active 193 392 324 150 11 645 124 394 0 653 581
Discouraged Work-seekers*
Other not economically active 193 392 324 150 11 645 124 394 0 653 581
Labour absorption rate 43.12% 47.53% 55.59% 70.13% 59.01% 49.70%
Labour Force participation rate 65.87% 61.46% 61.70% 73.60% 70.44% 65.29%
Definitions: Unemployment rate is the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed. The labour absorption rate is the proportion of working age (15 to 64 years) population that is employed. The labour force participation rate is the proportion of the working age population that is either employed or unemployed.
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years): • In 2011, 76% of the labour force (aged 15 to 64) is employed, 24% of the labour force (aged 15 –
64) is unemployed. This has increased in 2011 from 2001 where 71% of the labour force in Cape Town was employed and 29% unemployed.
• The unemployment rate of the labour force in Cape Town has declined from 29% in 2001 to 24% in 2011.
• The labour absorption rate of those of working age in Cape Town who are employed has also increased marginally from 47% in 2001 to 50% in 2011.
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Economic Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change (continued) Cape Town Monthly Household Income – 2001 Census and 2011 Census
Census 2001
Cape Town Monthly Household Income
2001
Black African Coloured Asian White Total
Num % Num % Num % Num % Num %
No income 69 946 27.9% 22 434 7.2% 697 6.9% 8 994 4.4% 102 071 13.1%
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years): • In 2011, 47% of households in Cape Town had a monthly income of R3 200 or less, which has
declined from the 2001 percentage, of 56% of households in Cape Town had a monthly income of R3 200 or less.
• 14% of households in Cape Town had a monthly income of R25 601 or more in 2011, with 4% having a monthly income of R25 601 or more in 2001.
• The percentage of households with no monthly income has increased slightly from 13% in 2001 to 14% in 2011.
• In 2001, 87% of Black African households had a monthly income of R3 200 or less a month, which has declined to 69% in 2011
• 54% of Coloured households in Cape Town had a monthly income of R3 200 or less a month in 2001 which has declined to 41% in 2011.
• The above trends indicate that there has been improvement in levels of households’ monthly income; however the levels of household income in Cape Town are relatively low.
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Household Services Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change Cape Town Type of Dwelling – 2001 Census and 2011 Census Census 2001
• The percentage of households in Cape Town in formal, informal and other types of dwellings has largely remained the same.
• In 2011, 78 % of households in Cape Town live in formal dwellings (similar to 2001 79%); 14% of households (144 000 households) live in informal dwellings in informal settlements (15 % in 2001).
• However there has been a large growth in the number of households living in informal dwellings in backyards, with 7% of households (75 000 households) in 2011, an increase of more than 3% from 4.3% in 2001.
• In 2011, 43% of Black African households in Cape Town were living in informal settlements and informal dwellings in backyards. This is a decrease from 2001 where the percentage was 52% of Black African households.
• Both in 2001 and 2011, 87% of households living in either informal settlements or informal dwellings in backyards are Black African.
• In 2011, 25 613 (7%) Coloured households in Cape Town are living in informal settlements and informal dwellings in backyards, an increase from 2001 with 17 083 (5.5%) Coloured households
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Household Services Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change (continued) Cape Town Tenure – 2001 Census and 2011 Census Census 2001
• In 2011, 33% of households in Cape Town live in dwellings that are owned and fully paid off (note: this includes “Breaking New Ground” BNG (subsidy) houses); 30% of households live in dwellings that are rented and 21% of households live in dwellings that are owned and not yet paid off.
• These percentages are largely similar to those in 2001, however there has been an increase in 2011 in households living in owned and fully paid off dwellings (was 31% of households in 2001) and rented dwellings (was 25% of households in 2001).
• In 2011, 35% of Black African households live in owned and fully paid off dwellings, an increase from 2001 where the percentage was 30%.
79.3%
3.3%
15.9%
0.7%
78.9%
4.3%
14.5%
2.2%
78.4%
7.0% 13.5%
1.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Formal dwelling Informal dwellingin backyard
Informal dwellingin settlement
Other
1996 2001 2011
Percentage Cape Town Households Living in Dwellings
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• In 2011, 33% of Coloured households live in owned and fully paid off dwellings, an increase from 29% in 2001.
• The 2011 tenure percentages, combined with the type of dwellings and household sizes suggests that there human settlement needs are changing and there is a need to continue to address these and explore a range of alternatives.
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Household Services Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change (continued) Cape Town Access to Piped Water – 2001 Census and 2011 Census Census 2001
• Overall the number of households with access to piped water inside their dwellings increased from 69% in 2001 to 75% in 2011.
• In 2011, 87% of households (932 696 households) had access to piped water in their dwelling or inside their yard, and increase from 2001 where the percentage of households was 84% (656 180)
• This means that an additional 277 000 households have access to piped water in their dwelling or inside their yard access in 10 years.
• In 2011, 72% of Black African households had access to piped water in their dwelling or inside their yard, and increase from 2001 where the percentage of Black African households was 62%.
• In 2011, 97% of Coloured households had access to piped water in their dwelling or inside their yard, and increase from 2001 where the percentage of Coloured households was 94%.
Go to top of document Household Services Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change (continued)
Cape Town Toilet Facility – 2001 Census and 2011 Census Census 2001
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years): • Overall the number of households with access to a flush toilet connected to a sewerage system
increased from 85% in 2001 to 88% in 2011. • In 2011 there were 3% of households (29 000) who indicated that they had no toilet; which has
decreased from 2001 where 7% of households (56 000) in Cape Town indicated that they had no toilet.
• The percentage of households with a bucket toilet remained largely the same in 2011 to that in 2001, around 5%, however the number of households increased from 34 200 in 2001 to 48 500 in 2011.
• In 2011, 78% of Black African households had access to a flush toilet connected to a sewerage system and increase from 2001 where the percentage of Black African households was 65%.
• The percentage of Black African households with access to a bucket toilet decreased to 9% in 2011, from 12% in 2001.
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Household Services Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change (continued) Cape Town Refuse Disposal – 2001 Census and 2011 Census Census 2001
Cape Town Refuse Disposal 2001
Black African Coloured Asian White Total
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Removed by local authority/private company at least once a week
• Overall the percentage of households which have their refuse removed by the local authority/private company once a week remained largely the same in 2011 as it was in 2001, around 94%.
• However, the number of households serviced once a week increased to over 1 million in 2011, an increase from 2001 of close to an additional 300 000 households.
• Households who indicated that they use a communal refuse dump for refuse disposal increased to nearly 3% of households (30 000) in 2011, an increase from 2001 from 1 % (9 700 households).
• In 2011, less than one percent of households indicated that they do not have any rubbish disposal, which is a decrease from 1.4% in 2001.
• In 2011, close to 19 000 Black African household (4%) indicated that they use their own rubbish dump or have no rubbish disposal; this has declined overall from 2001 where the figures for Black African households were 19 000 households and 7% respectively.
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Household Services Profile – 2001 and 2011 Census: change (continued)
Cape Town Energy for Lighting, Cooking and Heating – 2001 Census and 2011 Census
Cape Town Energy Sources
Census 2001 Census 2011
Lighting Cooking Heating Lighting Cooking Heating
Electricity 88.8% 80.1% 75.0% 94.0% 87.6% 63.0%
Gas 0.3% 2.4% 1.2% 0.3% 7.5% 3.5%
Paraffin 8.7% 16.2% 18.6% 3.8% 3.8% 14.9%
Wood 0.4% 2.3% 0.3% 1.8%
Coal 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 0.2%
Candles 2.1% 1.5%
Animal dung 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%
Solar 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4%
Other 0.1% 0.2% 2.5% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.3% 16.1%
In the period 2001 – 2011 (10 years): • In 2011, 94% of households use electricity for lighting in their dwelling, which has increased from
89% in 2001. • In 2011, 88% of households use electricity for cooking in their dwelling, an increased from 2001
when it was 80% of households. • 63% of households use electricity for heating in their dwelling in 2011, which is a decrease from
75% in 2001. • Overall the percentages of households using paraffin for lighting, cooking or heating has decreased
in 2011 from 2001; with the largest decrease in the use of paraffin for cooking, 4% of households in 2001 from 16% of households in 2001.
• However the use of paraffin for heating by households remains relatively high in 2011 at 15% of households (was 19% in 2001).
• Coal or wood continues to be used by households for heating, with 2% in 2011 and 3% in 2001. • The use of solar energy sources for lighting and heating by households has increased marginally in