CITATION (End-Text Reference) ENG 221. END –TEXT REFERENCE WHAT IS END-TEXT REFERENCE? The second component of giving references is end-text reference,

CITATION(End-Text Reference)

ENG 221ENG 221

END –TEXT REFERENCE

WHAT IS END-TEXT REFERENCE?• The second component of giving references is

end-text reference, which provides a more detailed account of the sources that have been used in the essay.

What is the aim of giving end-text reference?

To provide the reader with all the necessary information in case they want to make use

of the same source.

Where do we place end-text reference in the essay?

• As you can understand from the name, end-text reference is listed under the title “References” at the end of your essay.

EXERCISE

• Exercise 14, page 47

BRIEF GUIDELINES for GIVING END-TEXT REFERENCE

• The list of works should be arranged alphabetically by the author’s surnames.

• The title of the reference list should be “References” and should be centered on the page.

• The reference list should begin on a new page.

BRIEF GUIDELINES for GIVING END-TEXT REFERENCE

• The entries should be double-spaced. The first line should be flushed with the left margin, and all subsequent lines should be indented five spaces from the left margin.

EXAMPLE:

Cox, K., & Hill, D. (2004). EAP now! English for Academic Purposes: Teacher’s Book. New South Wales, NSW:

Pearson and Longman.

Indented

BOOK WITH ONE WRITER

Ayling, S. E. (1966). Portraits of power. New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc.

Author’s surname

Initials of the author’s

first name

Year of Publication Name of the

book

City of publication

Publisher of the book

CANKAYA UNIVRSITY - FOREIGN LANGUAGES- ENGLISH UNIT

• As end-text reference:Ayling, S. E. (1966). Portraits of Power. New York:

Barnes & Nobles, Inc.

HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE?

• As in-text reference:(Ayling, 1966, p.56)

BOOK WITH ONE WRITER

BOOK WITH TWO WRITERS• As end-text referenceOshima, A., & Hogue, A. (1983). Writing academic

english. Massachutes: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE?

• As in-text reference(Oshima & Hogue, 1983, p. 85)

BOOK WITH THREE or MORE WRITERS

• List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.

Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R.C., & Curphy, G. J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (5th ed.). Singapore: Mc-Graw-Hill.

How do you cite this book in the text?

Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R.C., & Curphy, G. J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (5th ed.). Singapore: Mc-Graw-Hill.

The first time it is mentioned?(Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2006, p. 34)

From the second time onwards?(Hughes et al., 2006, p.34)

Book – chapter in edited bookHelber, L. E., (1995). Redeveloping mature

resorts for new markets. In M. V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), Island tourism: Management principles and practice (pp. 105-113). Chichester, England: John Wiley.

The author and chapter title come first, followed by the editors and book title. The page numbers of the chapter are also required.

Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E. (Eds.). (1997). Intercultural communication: A reader (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

BOOK WITH EDITOR(S)

WHAT DO THESE COLORS SHOW?

Helber, L. E., (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for new markets. In M. V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), Island tourism: Management principles and practice (pp. 105-113). Chichester, England: John Wiley.

Author’s name Year of publication

Chapter title Editors’ names

Book namePage numbers Place of

publication

??

? ? ? ?

??

Publisher

CHAPTER or ARTICLE in a BOOK

Surnameof the writer

Book’s yearof publication

Name ofthe article

Name of thebook’s editors

King, M. L. (2007). Three ways of meeting oppression. In S Bachmann, & M. Barth (Eds.),Between worlds: A reader, rhetoric and handbook (5th ed.). (pp. 237-240). New York: Pearson – Longman.

Name ofthe book

How many times thebook has been edited

page numbersof the article

As in-text reference:(King, 2007, pp. 237 – 238)

ARTICLE in a JOURNAL

Name ofwriters

Journal’s yearof publication

Name ofthe article

Name of thejournal

Lewis, C., & Robinson W. (2005). The authoritarian personality. The Journal of Psychology, 40 (4), 470 – 501.

Issue numberof the journal

page numbersof the article

Volume numberof the journal

As in-text reference:(Lewis & Robinson, 2005, p. 471)

Date of publication /release on the Web

Date when thearticle was accessed

INTERNET ARTICLE

Author’ssurname

Name ofthe article

Mango, A. (2000, September 24). Atatürk in his lifetime and today. Retrieved September 1, 2008, from http://www.ataturksociety.org/asa/voa/mango.html

Web address of the sitewhere the article was found

As in-text reference:(Mango, 2000, para. 3)

• You are not expected to memorize the conventions of end-text referencing; when you need to prepare a reference list, refer to;

a. Pages 68-70 in your packb. The Publication Manual of the APAc. www.apa.org

DON’T WORRY!

EXERCISE

• Exercise 15, page 49

EXERCISE

• Chapter or article in a book:

• Fontana, A. & Frey, J. (1994). Interviewing: The art of science. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. (pp. 361-376). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

EXERCISE

• An article in a journal:

• Rogers,G. (1999). Reflections on teaching remote and isolated children. Education in Rural Australia, 9 (2), 65-68.

EXERCISE

• A book:

• Gilbert, R. & Gilbert, P. (1998). Masculinity goes to school. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

EXERCISE

• An internet article:

• Rothkop, D. (2007, February 24). In Praise of Cultural Imperialism? Effects of Globalization on Culture. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from http://www.globalpolicy.org./glabaliz/cultural/globalcult.htm