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INTRODUCTIONTOINDUSTRY

1.1 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

HISTORY:Public Health in British India: A Brief Account of the History of Medical Services and Disease Prevention in Colonial IndiaMuhammad Umair MushtaqAuthor informationCopyright and License informationThis article has beencited byother articles in PMC.The evolution of public health in British India and the history of disease prevention in that part of world in the 19thand early 20thcentury provides a valuable insight into the period that witnessed the development of new trends in medical systems and a transition from surveys to microscopic studies in medicine. It harbors the earliest laboratory works and groundbreaking achievements in microbiology and immunology. The advent of infectious diseases and tropical medicine was a direct consequence of colonialism. The history of diseases and their prevention in the colonial context traces back the epidemiology of infectious diseases, many of which are still prevalent in third world countries. It reveals the development of surveillance systems and the response to epidemics by the imperial government. It depicts how the establishment of health systems under the colonial power shaped disease control in British India to improve the health of its citizens [Figure 1].

Figure 1Map of British IndiaGo to:Establishment of Medical ServicesThe history of western medicine in India dates back to 1600, when the first medical officers arrived in India along with the British East India Company's first fleet as ship's surgeons. In 1757, the East India Company established its rule in India, which led to the development of civil and military services. A medical department was established in Bengal as far back as 1764, for rendering medical services to the troops and servants of the Company. At that time, it consisted of 4 head surgeons, 8 assistant surgeons, and 28 surgeon's mates. In 1775, Hospital Boards were formed to administer European hospitals comprising of the Surgeon General and Physician General, who were in the staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Indian Army. In 1785, medical departments were set up in Bengal, Madras, and Bombay presidencies with 234 surgeons. The medical departments involved both military and civil medical services. In 1796, hospital boards were renamed as medical boards to look after the affairs of the civil part of the medical departments. In 1857, the Indian Rebellion led to the transfer of administration of India to the Crown and different departments of civil services were developed. It wasnt until 1868 that a separate civil medical department was formed in Bengal. In 1869, a Public Health Commissioner and a Statistical Officer were appointed to the Government of India. In 1896, with the abolition of the presidential system, all three presidential medical departments were amalgamated to form the Indian Medical Services (IMS). After the development of IMS, medical duties for the Royal Indian Army were performed by the Army Medical Department, later called the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC).(1) Medical departments were under the control of the central government until 1919. The Montgomery-Chelmsford Constitutional Reforms of 1919 led to the transfer of public health, sanitation, and vital statistics to the provinces. This was first step in the decentralization of health administration in India. In 1920-21, Municipality and Local Board Acts were passed containing legal provisions for the advancement of public health in provinces. The Government of India Act 1935 gave further autonomy to provincial governments. All the health activities were categorized in three parts: federal, federal-cum-provincial, and provincial. In 1937, the Central Advisory Board of Health was set up with the Public Health Commissioner as secretary to coordinate the public health activities in the country. In 1939, the Madras Public Health Act was passed, which was the first of its kind in India. In 1946, the Health Survey and Development Committee (Bhore Committee) was appointed by the Government of India to survey the existing health structure in the country and make recommendations for future developments. The Committee submitted its report in 1946 and the health of the nation was reviewed for Public Health, Medical Relief, Professional Education, Medical Research, and International Health.(2,3)The civil chief medical officer or the person in-charge of the Indian Medical Department was the Director General, Indian Medical Services, who held the rank of Surgeon General. The Director General was under the orders of the Medical Board. He was assisted by the Deputy Director Generals and a team of administrative staff. The Sanitary Commissioner to the government of India supervised sanitation, vaccination, and vital statistics. The Public Health Commissioner and the Statistical Officer were responsible for public health matters. The functions of the central staff were surveys, planning, coordination, programming, and regulation of all health matters in the country. Provincial medical departments were under the control of the local governments of their respective provinces. Principal advisors to the government were the Inspector General of Civil Hospitals (called the Surgeon General in Bombay and Madras), Sanitary Commissioner for the province, and the Director of Public Health. The Deputy Surgeon Generals/Assistant Inspectors assisted the Surgeon General/Inspector General of Civil Hospitals. Provincial officers were responsible for the organization, direction, and inspection of all health facilities. District medical and sanitary arrangements were carried out under the charge of a medical officer called the Civil Surgeon. His duties were to superintend medical institutions and all matters regarding the health of the people. He was required to inspect rural hospitals and dispensaries at least three times a year, perform medico-legal work, and give professional attendance to the superior government officials. He was responsible for sanitary and public health work including vaccinations and vital statistics. The Civil Surgeon was called the District Medical and Sanitary Officer in Madras while in Bombay the Civil Surgeon was only person in charge of the district headquarters. Rural hospitals and dispensaries were under the direct control of the Surgeon General of Bombay. The Deputy Sanitary Commissioners, under the orders of Sanitary Commissioner of Bombay, supervised sanitary work and other public health duties, carried out by the Civil Surgeon in other provinces.(1,4)The officers of the Indian Medical Services were mostly military surgeons of European origin who were selected in England. In 1788, Lord Cornwallis, Governor General of India, issued orders that medical officers were not permitted to join civil services until serving 2 years in the army and the situation changed little during the rest of British rule.(1,2) In 1835, with the opening of Calcutta Medical College, IMS was opened to the natives of India trained in Calcutta who were selected to serve in Subordinate Military Medical Services or as Assistant Civil Surgeons to serve in sub-divisional civil hospitals. The best of them held minor civil surgeoncies. From 1890 to 1900, ten Indians entered the Indian Medical Services.(1) Later, state medical faculties were established at major provincial headquarters to train technicians who served as Sub-Assistant Civil Surgeons in rural hospitals and dispensaries.Go to:Medical InstitutionsThe first hospital in India was the Madras General Hospital in 1679. The Presidency General Hospital, Calcutta was formed in 1796. About four hospitals were formed in Madras between 1800 to1820. To fulfill the growing need for health professionals, Calcutta Medical College was established by an order in February 1835, which was the first institute of western medicine in Asia. Medical College Hospital, Calcutta was formed in 1852 [Figure 2]. In 1860, Lahore Medical School (later named King Edward Medical College) started in Lahore, Punjab [Figure 3]. Afterwards, a network of hospitals was set up throughout India. In 1854, the government of India agreed to supply medicines and instruments to the growing network of minor hospitals and dispensaries. Government Store Depots were established in Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Mian Mir, and Rangoon.(1) Lady Reading Health School, Dehli was established in 1918. In 1930, the All-India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health was established in Calcutta. In 1939, the first Rural Health Training Center was established in Singur near Calcutta.(3)

Figure 2Calcutta Medical College (established in 1835)

Figure 3King Edward Medical College, Lahore (established in 1860)The total number of public hospitals and dispensaries under the control of the Imperial government of India was about 1200 in 1880 and in 1902, the figure raised to approximately 2500. There was one hospital for every 330 square miles in 1902. The income of public health facilities was 3.6 million rupees in 1880 and about 8.1 million rupees in 1902. Patient turnover was 7.4 million in 1880; that increased to about 22 million in 1902.(1)Go to:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763662/

Indian healthcare industry operates in both of the private and public sectors. The public sectors are healthcare system consists of facilities run by the central and state governments. The facilities are provided freely or at subsidized rates to lower income families in rural and urban areas. However, further the Indian healthcare industry is going through a growth phase due to its healthy economy. As the country's middle class continues to grow this industry's growth will increase. India's ever-growing middle class are able to afford quality healthcare. With such an increased ability to pay for better healthcare, the demand for healthcare services has grown from $4.8 billion in 1991 to $22.8 billion in 2001-2002. Today 50 million Indians are able to afford western medicine and over 150 million have annual incomes of more than 1000 US dollars.In between the 1950's and 1980's the Health care facilities and personnel increased substantially, but gradually due to the fast population growth, the number of licensed medical practitioners per 10,000 individuals had fallen in the 1980's to 3 per 10,000 from the 1981 level of 4 per 10,000. There were approximately ten hospital beds per 10,000 individuals in 1991. Primary health centers are majorly the cornerstone of the rural health care system.

In the year 1991, India constituted about 22,400 primary health centers, 11200 hospitals, and 27,400 dispensaries. Such facilities were the part of a tiered health care system which funnels more difficult cases into urban hospitals while attempting to provide routine medical care to the vast majority in the countryside. Primary health centers and sub-centers would majorly rely on trained paramedics to meet most of their needs.Source: http://www.indianmirror.com/indian-industries/health.html time 1.30 pm

DEVLOPMENT:The Indian healthcare industry is growing at a rapid pace and is expected to become a US$ 280 billion industry by 2020. Rising income levels and growing elderly populations are all factors that are driving this growth. In addition, changing demographics, disease profiles and the shift from chronic to lifestyle diseases in the country has led to increased spending on healthcare delivery.

Even so, nearly one million Indians die every year due to inadequate healthcare facilities and 700 million people have no access to specialist care. 80% of specialists live in urban areas. In order to meet manpower shortages and reach world standards, India would require investments of up to $20 billion over the next 5 years. India produces over 250,000 doctors annually in the modern system of medicine. A higher number of nurses and para-medical professionals and practitioners of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy are also produced. Better policy regulations and the establishment of public-private partnerships are possible solutions to the problem of manpower shortage.

As incomes rise and the number of available financing options in terms of health insurance policies increase, consumers have become more and more engaged in making informed decisions about their healthcare and associated costs. In order to remain competitive, healthcare providers are now not only looking at improving operational efficiency, but are also looking at ways of enhancing patients overall experience. These exceptional, proactive and ahead of the curve institutions are the ones leading the way for the Indian healthcare industry.

Source: http://www.indus.org/healthcare/HealthcareIndia.html 9.16pm

The country's healthcare system is developing rapidly and it continues to expand its coverage, services and spending in both the public as well as private sectors, it said.The private sector has emerged as a vibrant force in India's healthcare industry, lending it both national and international repute. Private sector's share in healthcare delivery is expected to increase from 66% in 2005 to 81% by 2015. Private sector's share in hospitals and hospital beds is estimated at 74% and 40%, respectively.There is substantial demand for high-quality and speciality healthcare services in tier-II and tier-III cities. To encourage the private sector to establish hospitals in these cities, government has relaxed the taxes on these hospitals for the first 5 years.Many healthcare players such as Fortis and Manipal Group are entering management contracts to provide an additional revenue stream to hospitals.Over the years, health insurance is gaining momentum in India; gross healthcare insurance premium is expanding at a CAGR of 39% over FY06-10. This trend is likely to continue, benefitting the country's healthcare industryStrong mobile technology infrastructure and launch of 4G is expected to drive mobile health initiatives in the country. Mobile health industry in India is expected to reach $0.6 billion by 2017, the report said.To standardise the quality of service delivery, control cost and enhance patient engagement, healthcare providers are focussing on the technological aspect of healthcare delivery.Digital health knowledge resources, electronic medical record, mobile healthcare, hospital information system are some of the technologies gaining acceptance in the sector. Going forward, the healthcare sector's spending on IT products and services is expected to rise from $53 billion in 2012 to $57 billion in 2013.Telemedicine is also a fastemerging sector in India. In 2012, the telemedicine market in India was valued at $7.5 million, and is expected to rise at a CAGR of 20% to $18.7 million by 2017. With increased private participation, the healthcare sector has also witnessed rise in FDI inflows. As per law, 100% FDI is permitted for all health-related services under the automatic route.Demand growth, cost advantages and policy support were instrumental in attracting FDI inflows into the healthcare sector. During April 2000-March 2013, FDI inflows for drugs and pharmaceuticals stood at $10.3 billion, while inflows into hospitals and diagnostic centres, and medical appliances stood at $1.6 billion and $0.6 billion, respectively.India's primary competitive advantage over its peers lies in its large pool of well-trained medical professionals in the country. Also India's cost advantage compared to peers in Asia and Western countries is significant cost of surgery in India is one-tenth of that in the US or Western Europe.India's competitive advantage also lies in increased success rate of Indian companies in getting Abbreviated New Drug Application ( ANDA) approvals. India also offers vast opportunities in R&D as well as medical tourism, the report said.Source: http://www.investindia.gov.in/healthcare-sector/ timr 9.28 pm

1.2 OVERVIEW OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

The Indian healthcare industry, which comprises hospitals, medical infrastructure, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, health insurance and medical equipment, With driving growth factors as rising population, increasing disposable income, increasing lifestyle related health issues, cheaper treatment costs, thrust in medical tourism, improving health insurance penetration and focus on public private partnership (PPP) models, the Indian healthcare industry, growing at a CAGR of 15% is expected to touch US$ 250 billion by 2020. In India most of the metros hospitals have world-class infrastructure, processes and outcomes. However, 70% of the healthcare infrastructure is confined to the top 20 cities of India. In order to reach the remaining population, innovations in healthcare products and delivery are required.Healthcare systems predominantly differ in means, methods and approach, but all confront mediocre health outcomes and a steeply escalating cost curve that is unsustainable in the long term. Offering affordable healthcare without compromising access to care requires innovative new products and care options.Healthcare in India provides existing and freshers with a unique opportunity to achieve innovation, differentiation and profits. In the next decade, increasing consumer awareness and demand for better facilities will redefine the countrys second largest service sector employer.PwC understands the healthcare system as well as the dynamics that drive it.The Indian healthcare industry, which comprises hospitals, medical infrastructure, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, health insurance and medical equipment, is expected to reach US$ 160 billion by 2017, as per Frost & Sullivan.The system is not just developing rapidly but also continues to expand its coverage, services and expenditure in the public as well as private sectors. This is creating a large market for healthcare-related IT solutions.The Indian medical device and equipment market is expected to grow to around US$ 7.8 billion by 2016, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.5 per cent, according to a report . This market is currently the fourth largest in Asia with 700 medical device makers, and ranks among the top 20 in the world, as per data.SOUR: http://healthtechnology.in/2015/06/08/indian-healthcare-industry-an-overview/ time 9.28 pmMarket SizeThe overall Indian healthcare market today is worth US$ 100 billion and is expected to grow to US$ 280 billion by 2020, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.9 per cent. Healthcare delivery, which includes hospitals, nursing homes and diagnostics centers, and pharmaceuticals, constitutes 65 per cent of the overall market.There is a significant scope for enhancing healthcare services considering that healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP is rising. Rural India, which accounts for over 70 per cent of the population, is set to emerge as a potential demand source.India requires 600,000 to 700,000 additional beds over the next five to six years, indicative of an investment opportunity of US$ 25-30 billion. Given this demand for capital, the number of transactions in the healthcare space is expected to witness an increase in near future. The average investment size by private equity funds in healthcare chains has already increased to US$ 20-30 million from US$ 5-15 million#.The Indian medical tourism industry is pegged at US$ 3 billion per annum, with tourist arrivals estimated at 230,000. The Indian medical tourism industry is expected to reach US$ 6 billion by 2018, with the number of people arriving in the country for medical treatment set to double over the next four years.

SOURCE : http://www.ibef.org/pages/healthcare-snapshot 9.32 pm

Medical TourismSeveral key trends are giving impetus to the growth of Indias healthcare sector. Of these, medical city is relatively a new concept that offers immense growth opportunities, in addition to the medical tourism. India is also regarded as the most competitive destination with advantages of lower cost and sophisticated treatments. Due to such promising factors, the medical tourism has great potential in the country.The industry in India is pegged at US$ 1 billion per annum, growing at around 18 per cent and is expected to touch US$ 2 billion by 2015. India has witnessed an influx of patients from Africa, CIS countries, Gulf and SAARC nations, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, who mainly come for organ transplant, orthopedic, cardiac and oncology problems.Apollo Hospitals has six tele-medicine (through video-conferencing system) centres in the East and North East India. Plans are afoot to add another 24 over the next couple of years.sourcehttp://www.ibef.org/pages/35868 9.30 pm

Market Segment of healthcare sector

Government Hospitals - includes healthcare centres, district hospitals and general hospitals

Hospitals

Includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing medical equipment and supplies, such as surgical, dental, orthopaedic, ophthalmologic, and laboratory instruments, etcIncludes health insurance and covers an individuals hospitalisation expenses and medical reimbursement facility incurred due to sicknessComprises businesses and laboratories that offer analytic or diagnostic services including body fluid analysisIncludes the manufacture, extraction, processing, purification, and packaging of chemical materials to be used as medications for humans or animalsPrivate Hospitals - includes nursing homes, mid-tier, and top-tier private hospitalsMedical Insurance Pharmaceutical DiagnosticsMedical Equipment and Supplies Healthcare Healthcare

1.3 MAGOR PLAYERS AND STRUCTURE OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

The government's share in the healthcare delivery Industry is 20 % while 80 % is in the private sector. Private players have made significant investments in setting up of the private hospitals in cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai and Hyderabad. There is emergence of latest medical technology and have created a competitive environment. The Emergence of corporate hospitals has led to increased professionalism in medical practices and use of hospital management tools.

Major PlayersIn addition, India is now acknowledged as the premier destination for medical tourism, owing to cheaper costs and treatments in the country. According to industry estimates, the market size of medical tourism in India is growing at over 25% annually at over USD 2.5 billion. The segments growing business potential prompted the ITC Group to set up the 58-room Fortune Park Lake City business hotel at the Jupiter LifeLine Hospitals complex in Thane, near Mumbai, to serve medical tourists. Most international patients are from Africa, SAARC and West Asia. Patients requiring higher-end tertiary care are now coming to India for cardiology, orthopaedics, neurology, oncology and organ transplants. Affordability of treatment is a big pull factor treatment in India costs just 10% to 20% of what it costs abroad.Domestic hospitals have a long-standing reputation in the healthcare sector; some of the prominent private Indian hospital chains that offer world-class medical treatment include Max Healthcare, Fortis, Escorts Healthcare, Moolchand Hospital, Manipal Group of Hospitals, Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital, Anandlok Hospital, Jitendra Narayan Ray Sishu Seva Bhavan and General Hospital, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Sarvodaya Hospital, Suguna Ramaiah Hospital, Chinmaya Mission Hospital, Manipal Hospitals, Narayana Hrudayalaya, CSI Kalyani General Hospital, KHM Hospitals, Kumaran Hospitals, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital, Joy Hospital, Sir H. N. Hospital and Research Centre, Sowmya Hospital, etc.http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/brokerage-recos-sector-report/indian-healthcare-industry-looks-positiveindira-securities_1200578.html 9.32

Apollo Group Apollo Hospitals is widely recognized as the pioneer of private healthcare in India, and was the countrys first corporate hospital. The Apollo Hospitals Group, which started as a 150-bed hospital and today, operates 9200 beds across 64 hospitals. A forerunner in integrated healthcare, Apollo has a robust presence across the healthcare spectrum. The Group has emerged as the foremost integrated healthcare provider in Asia, with mature group companies that specialize in insurance, pharmacy, consultancy, clinics and many such key touch points of the ecosystem. The Apollo Group has touched the lives of over 45 million patients, from 121 countries.https://www.apollohospitals.com/corporate/company-overview

FortisFortis Healthcare Limited is a leading integrated healthcare delivery service provider in India. The healthcare verticals of the company primarily comprise hospitals, diagnostics and day care specialty facilities.The company operates its healthcare delivery services in India, Dubai, Mauritius and Sri Lanka with 54 healthcare facilities (including projects under development), approximately 10,000 potential beds and 260 diagnostic centres.In a global study of the 30 most technologically advanced hospitals in the world, its flagship, the Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), was ranked No.2, by topmastersinhealthcare.com, and placed ahead of many other outstanding medical institutions in the world.http://www.fortishealthcare.com/about-usMaxWith over 1900 beds and 11 top hospitals in Delhi-NCR, Punjab and Uttarakhand, 2100 world-class doctors and 9300 support staff, Max Healthcare is one of the leading chain of hospitals in India. With 525 ICU beds & the most advanced technology, our state-of-the-art infrastructure is rated the best in North India thereby making Max Healthcare one of the best hospitals in India.

http://www.maxhealthcare.in/index.php/about-us

WockhardtWockhardt incorporated in 1999, is engaged the pharmaceutical and biotechnology segments. The companys 14 manufacturing plants are located in India, UK, Ireland, US, and are compliant to international regulatory standards including US FDA and UK MHRA. These manufacturing plants are multi-technology and can manufacture all the dosage forms including sterile products as well as products with lyophilised dosage forms.The company has 4 research centres globally with over 550 scientists of which over 100 are doctorates. Its multi-disciplinary research activities encompass pharmaceutical formulations, biopharmaceutical bulk and formulations, novel drug delivery system, new drug discovery programme and process engineering for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.Wockhardts subsidiaries are located in the US, UK, Ireland and France. The company has market presence in formulations, bio-pharmaceuticals, nutrition products, vaccines and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).The company holds strong position in leading markets such as Europe and United States, which contributes 65% to Wockhardt's revenue. The company has two subsidiaries Negma Lerads, France and Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, USA.Wockhardt is the 4th company in the world to have developed recombinant insulin, Wosulin - from concept to market stage. It also developed a patented delivery device Pen for Wosulin injections.http://info.shine.com/company/wockhardt-limited/3659.html

PiramalWe forayed into the health care space in 1988 with a move that was contrarian at that time, as most pharmaceutical players were exiting India due to the existing business climate. It has been 25 years, and we have established ourselves as one of the most recognizable and respected names in the pharmaceuticals industry.

Today, we have manufacturing bases across India, UK, Scotland, USA and Canada through subsidiaries. Our critical care products are available in the emergency rooms of hospitals across the globe and our products are available in over 100 countries. We are presently the third largest player in the global Inhalation Anesthesia (IA) market, and the only company in the world with a complete product portfolio of Inhalation Anesthetics drugs.

Our manufacturing capabilities make us one of the largest custom manufacturing companies in the world. The UN Conference on Trade and Development's World Investment Report 2011' ranks us among the top 5 in the world.http://www.piramal.com/our-businesses/piramal-healthcarePiramal Enterprise, formerly known as Nicholas Piramal, is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies inIndia. Being part of Piramal Group, its healthcare division contributes 50% to groups revenue.Besides healthcare, the Piramal Group has business interests in areas of glass manufacturing, retail and real estate.Piramal Healthcare operates two divisions namely healthcare solutions and pharma solutions. PHL is one of the largest custom manufacturing companies with global presence in North America, Europe andAsia.Today, operating across multiple verticals within healthcare, life sciences and drug delivery systems, healthcare information management, financial services and contract manufacturing services, the company has diversified further.

http://info.shine.com/company/piramal-healthcare-ltd/3830.html

DuncanJ. Duncan Healthcare, a private limited company was incorporated in the year 2003. The factory has started its operation in the year 2008 with the aim to serve human being by providing new & advanced molecules in the form of pharmaceutical products. The manufacturing unit commenced its activities with three dosage forms viz. Tablet, Capsule & Oral Liquid using ultra-modern machineries & state - of - art modern building designs. The facility has been developed under the guidelines of WHO-GMP norms. The facility has been built in line with latest international regulatory requirements. The factory is well connected by roads & railways.J. Duncan Healthcare is a part ofLOK-BETA Pharma (A Group). LOK-BETAsales and promotes various range of products, manufactured at J Duncan Healthcare, in their brand for Domestic and International markets.http://www.jduncan.co.in/jduncanCompanyProfile.htmlEscortsFortis Escorts Heart Institute, formerly known as Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, is a pioneer in the field of fully dedicated cardiac care in India. It is the largest free standing private cardiac hospital in Asia Pacific region, and a part of Fortis Healthcare which is the fastest growing hospital network in India and empanelled with CGHS.Fortis Healthcare, led by the vision of late Dr. Parvinder Singh of creating an integrated healthcare delivery system in India acquired Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre Ltd. in 2005. Established in 1988, Escorts celebrated 25 years of Cardiac excellence in 2013.Fortis Escorts Heart Institute has set benchmarks in cardiac care with Paediatric path breaking work over the past 25 years. Today, it is recognised world over as a centre of excellence providing the latest technology in Cardiac Bypass Surgery, Interventional Cardiology, Non-invasive Cardiology, Paediatric Cardiology and Paediatric Cardiac Surgery. The hospital is backed by the most advanced laboratories performing complete range of investigative tests in the field of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Biochemistry, Haematology, Transfusion Medicine and Microbiology.Fortis Escorts Heart Institute has a vast pool of talented and experienced team of doctors, who are further supported by a team of highly qualified, experienced & dedicated support staff & cutting edge technology like the recently installed Dual CT Scan. Currently, more than 200 cardiac doctors and 1600 employees work together to manage over 14,500 admissions and 7,200 emergency cases in a year. The hospital today has an infrastructure comprising of around 285 beds (it currently enjoys 100% occupancy rate), 5 Cath Labs besides a host of other world-class facilities.

http://www.fortisescorts.in/aboutUs.php

Ranbaxy Group CompanyRanbaxy Laboratories Ltd. is the largest pharmaceutical company in India, and one of the world's top 100 pharmaceutical companies. Long a specialist in the preparation of generic drugs, Ranbaxy is also one of the world's top 10 in that pharmaceutical category as well. Yet, with India's agreement to apply international patent law at the beginning of 2005, Ranbaxy has begun converting itself into a full-fledged research-based pharmaceutical company. A major part of this effort has been the establishment of the company's own research and development center, which has enabled the company to begin to enter the new chemical entities (NCE) and novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) markets. In the mid-2000s, the company had a number of NCEs in progress, and had already launched its first NDDS product, a single daily dosage formulation of ciprofloxacin. Ranbaxy is a truly global operation, producing its pharmaceutical preparations in manufacturing facilities in seven countries, supported by sales and marketing subsidiaries in 44 countries, reaching more than 100 countries throughout the world. The United States, which alone accounts for nearly half of all pharmaceutical sales in the world, is the company's largest international market, representing more than 40 percent of group sales. In Europe, the company's purchase of RPG (Aventis) S.A. makes it the largest generics producer in that market. The company is also a leading generics producer in the United Kingdom and Germany and elsewhere in Europe. European sales added 16 percent to the company's sales in 2004. Ranbaxy's other major markets include Brazil, Russia, and China, as well as India, which together added 26 percent to the group's sales. Ranbaxy posted revenues of $1.18 billion in 2004. The company, which remains controlled and led by the founding Singh family, is listed on theNational Stock Exchange of Indiain Mumbai.

Read more:http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history/Qu-Ro/Ranbaxy-Laboratories-Ltd.html#ixzz3sZrGT2o0

http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history/Qu-Ro/Ranbaxy-Laboratories-Ltd.html

STRUCTURE:

1.4 PRODUCT APPLICATIONS OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRYMedical & Healthcare Hospital, Clinic & Medical Services

Health Care ServiceMedical Treatment ServicesDental Treatment ServicesMedical FacilitiesMedical Surgery Services

Healthcare & Fitness Equipment

Body MassagerExercise TreadmillFoot MassagerSpa EquipmentMassage Chair

Pharma Ingredients & Raw Materials

API IntermediateSoftgel CapsulesAntioxidantsSoft Gelatin CapsulesGelatin Capsules

Surgical & Medical Consumables

Surgical DisposablesFirst Aid KitsFirst Aid BoxesMedical KitNeedle Holders

Nutraceuticals & Dietary Supplements

Protein PowderVitamin SupplementsVitamin CapsulesProtein SupplementFood Supplement

Common Disease Medicines

Cough SyrupDry SyrupsEye DropsSkin OintmentSteroid Injections

Diagnosis & Path Lab Instruments

X Ray MachineECG MachineUltrasound MachineMedical Diagnostic EquipmentBlood Glucose Test Strips

Orthopedic Equipment & Supplies

Orthopedic ImplantsOrthopedic InstrumentsKnee BracesOrthopedic BracesBone Plates

Physiotherapy & Rehab Aids

Cervical CollarsPhysiotherapy EquipmentCrepe BandageRehabilitation EquipmentBack Support Belts

Dentist Tools, Equipment & Supplies

Dental ImplantsDental EquipmentDental InstrumentsDental ChairsDental Crowns

Anti Infective Drugs & Medicines

AmoxicillinAzithromycin TabletsAntimalarial DrugsAntibiotic TabletsAntifungal Drugs

Surgical & ICU Equipments

Intensive Care UnitEmergency Medical EquipmentIncubatorsOxygen ConcentratorAnaesthesia Machine

Scalpels, Needles & Scissors

Surgical ScissorsMedical NeedlesMedical ScissorSurgical BladesNail Nipper

Ayurvedic Medicines, Tonics & Drugs

Antidiabetic MedicineHoneyAyurvedic TabletsPain Relief OilMassage Oil

Clinical Diagnostic Instruments

Blood Pressure MonitorPulse OximeterPatient Monitoring DevicesStethoscopePortable Patient Monitors

Hospital & Medical Furniture

Hospital FurnitureHospital BedHospital TablesOperating TableStretcher

Herbal Extracts Manufacturers

Natural Herbal ExtractNatural ExtractOrganic Herbal ExtractsFlax SeedFruit Extracts

Forceps & Graspers

TweezersMedical ForcepsSurgical ForcepStainless Steel Surgical InstrumentsVeterinary Instruments

Pharmaceutical Machinery & Equipment

Vibro SifterMulti MillCapsule Filling MachinesPharmaceutical Machinery PartsRapid Mixer Granulator

Medical & Surgical Clothing

Surgical GlovesHospital UniformsNitrile GlovesMedical MasksExamination Gloves

Cardiovascular Drugs & Medication

Anti Asthma DrugEphedrine HydrochlorideCardiovascular DrugAntidiabetic DrugAntihypertensive Drug

Fitness Clubs and Beauty Parlours

Beauty ServicesYoga ClassesSpa ServiceHair TreatmentsBridal Make Up Services

Medical Sterilizers & Autoclaves

AutoclavesCold RoomsSterilizersLaboratory OvensLab Incubator

Bandages & Dressing Disposables

BandagesSurgical DressingMedical BandageGauze SwabHospital Dressings

Infusion Syringes & Supplies

SyringesMedical TubesCatheterSyringe PumpDisposable Syringes

Herbal & Ayurvedic Medical Services

Ayurvedic TreatmentAlternative Medical ServicesAyurvedic MassageHomeopathy TreatmentPanchakarma Treatment Services

Ayurvedic & Herbal Products

Natural HoneyAyurvedic PowdersAyurvedic ChurnaHerbal TonicsNeem Powder

Eye Diagnosis & Surgery Instruments

Ophthalmic EquipmentOphthalmic Surgical InstrumentsSlit LampEye Testing EquipmentKeratometer

Disposable & Other Optical Lenses

Contact LensesOptical LensLensesSpectacle LensOphthalmic Lenses

Pain Relief Drugs & Pharmaceuticals

Pain KillersParacetamol TabletsPain Relief DrugPain RelieverTramadol Tablets

Brain & Nervous System Drugs

Adderall TabletsMethaqualoneEthylphenidateModafinilAntidepressant

Healthcare Products & Aids

Scalar Energy PendantAdult DiapersDetox Foot PatchesBlood Circulation MachineBio Energy Card

Urological & Obstetrics Instruments

Urology EquipmentPregnancy Test KitsGynecology InstrumentFoley CathetersGynaecological Equipment

Animal Medicines & Health Care

Veterinary MedicinesAnimal Care CentresVeterinary DrugsVeterinary ClinicDog Training Services

ENT Surgical Equipment & Supplies

Hearing AidsLaryngoscopeENT EquipmentOtoscopeENT Instrument

Digestive System Drugs & Medicines

Promethazine SyrupLiver TonicLiver CapsuleDigestive Enzyme SyrupDigestive Capsules

TB, Tumor & Cancer Drugs

Anti Cancer MedicinesAnti Cancer InjectionOncology DrugCardiac DrugsGeftinat Tablet

Wheel Chairs, Crutches and Walker

WheelchairsWalking StickAdjustable WalkerWalking AidsPower Wheelchair

Pharma & Bioanalytical Services

Clinical Trial ServicesLife Science ServiceClinical Research ServicesPharmaceutical Testing ServicesBiomedical Engineering Services

Hospital & Medical Lights

Operation Theatre LightsUV LampsSurgical LightInfrared LampCeiling OT Lights

Diagnostic Imaging & Pathology Labs

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1.5 TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

It is not surprising anymore that when you visit your doctor or physician, you may find him using an iPad to note or store your medical records. Rapidly transforming medical technology and the availability of technology diagnostic and therapeutic equipment together with changing practice pattern of doctors has revolutionized the way health care is being delivered today. The technology shift has cast itself over the field of healthcare, bringing with it a digital transformation in the way doctors and patients interact. The integration of information technology and network have now become the centre of the "new era" where both, digital and human aspects, are pivotal to the complete patient experience.Today, patient care experiences are top of the mind in the healthcare industry across the globe. According to a report by Frost and Sullivan, India's healthcare information technology market is expected to hit $1.45 billion in 2018, more than three times the $381.3 million reached in 2012.Due to the increasing convergence of technology and healthcare, there is a huge opportunity for providers to improve the patient experience and operate more efficiently due to augmented association and information sharing among providers. Healthcare technology solutions are able to modernise medical care, reduce costs, avoid redundant or duplicate tests /procedures and mechanise manual processes.For instance, in the e?ective treatment of cancer it is critical to track the patient's progress over days, months and years. Now medical institutions can store medical images and patient records electronically, which can be instantly compared to previous images. These images can be quickly shared between consultants and remain highly available during the course of the diagnosis and treatment.The increased adoption of telemedicine, HIS, electronic health records, mHealth, and web-based services has made digital patient data expand, demanding the deployment of robust IT infrastructure in Indian healthcare organisations. It has amplified growth in data, digitization trends in health information and electronic medical records.Improvements in collaborative data exchange, workflows and mobility, and need for better financial management are the next phase of technological evolution in healthcare. In addition, the shift to mobile devices, wireless technology and cloud computing will reduce system costs and improve workflows.A cancer institute and research centre like Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute provides high-quality diagnostic, treatment and multi-disciplinary care for patients with cancer. Today medical institutes are at the forefront of enabling number of healthcare technology initiatives to enhance the delivery of a range of healthcare.The introduction of a hospital information system (HIS), picture archival and communications system (PACS), and electronic health record system (EHR) have led to rapidly increasing volumes of data. Also, due to the unpredictable nature of cancer progression, patient records need to remain readily accessible as a patient may visit us the next day, a few weeks, and maybe even 10 years later.This means the data containing patient medical records and images needs to remain highly available rather than becoming less accessible within archival solutions such as tape libraries. To deliver patient needs at forefront of technology-enabled healthcare and meet the capacity demands of data-intensive medical images and records, we required highly available storage platform to meet the expanding data needs of our medical systems.When we deployed the Dell Compellent storage solution and Dell PowerEdge servers, we were able to double their storage capacity which provided a compelling price-performance ratio. The storage solution has improved business agility in responding to the needs of their consultants, technicians, and nursing sta? because the centre can project storage allocation more accurately, the IT team can be highly responsive to user requests.One of the key pillars of health transformation is being able to refine access to the best healthcare for a larger segment of the population. The implementation of technology is a cost-effective and compelling method to connect clinics in the cities as well as rural regions. Although there are healthcare challenges we are facing today, the good news is that we have innovative solutions to help address these formidable challenges.Technology advancements in healthcare informatics, telemedicine, HIS, electronic health records, remote diagnostic and therapeutic tools have pivoted the first step towards tech enabled healthcare and can be further leveraged to effect new modalities of healthcare.Today, healthcare organizations need to streamline their IT infrastructure, to be able to provide simple, quicker and more efficient healthcare service or delivery. The healthcare solutions promote a new productivity model whereby the ultimate winner is the patient, who will now have instant equitable access to the best clinical expertise.The writer is CIO, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre.Source: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-02/news/48801172_1_indian-healthcare-collaborative-data-exchange-healthcare-information-technology-market time: 9.15 pm

Emerging trends in Indian healthcare - Technology to become a Core Function Wipro Experts Posted by Sreenath A.V Comments (0) September 11th, 2012 Technology will be a game changer in the manner in which healthcare services will be delivered in India. The private sector will be the major driving force behind technology adoption in the Indian healthcare segment. To optimize costs and effectively manage operations, IT solutions will become an integral part of process management, patient care and the management information system (MIS) in hospitals. With the health insurance sector poised for major growth in the coming decade, increasing demand from this sector for more efficient systems for storage and retrieval of information will put pressure on hospitals and other healthcare providers to imbibe technology to modernize existing infrastructure.The convergence of healthcare with upcoming technologies such as cloud computing and wireless technologies will play a key role in improving accessibility and meeting the challenge of manpower shortage. The coming years are expected to witness greater deployment of tools such as telemedicine, teleradiology, hospital information systems (HIS)/hospital management information systems (HMIS), online or electronic medical records (EMR), etc.The healthcare sector is poised to embrace cloud computing in a big way in the coming decade. Cost-effective cloud-based solutions are expected to drive increased adoption of HMIS and EMRs. The various benefits that can be derived, such as easy accessibility irrespective of geographical location, fewer errors, fast response in times of emergencies, patient convenience, among others, will drive increased adoption.To drive improved efficiencies, more hospitals are likely to seek automation for their workforce management, administration, finance, billing, patient records and pharmacies. Along with the growing popularity of digitization in hospitals, market penetration of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is likely to increase further in the coming years.The exhibit below indicates the factors that will drive demand for increased technology adoption going forward.

Source http://www.wipro.com/blogs/emerging-trends-in-indian-healthcare-technology-to-become-a-core-function/ 9.18