Chuyen Sau Hoa Hoc

8/8/2019 Chuyen Sau Hoa Hoc

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B GIO DC V O TO

CHNG TRNH CHUYN SU THPT CHUYNMN: HA HC

H Ni, 12/2009


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LP 10I. MC CH: Thng nht trn phm vi ton quc k hoch dy hc v ni dung dy hc mn Ho hc cho trng THPT

chuyn.

Thng nht trn phm vi ton quc ni dung bi dng hc sinh gii cp THPTII.K HOCH DY HC: Tng s tit: 150% s tit ca chng trnh nng cao, trong 50% dnh cho ni dung chuyn su

S TT Ni dung Lthuyt

Luyntp

Thchnh

n tp Kim tra Tng

1 Nguyn t 12 4 0 162 Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc v

nh lut tun hon9 2 1 12

3 Lin kt ho hc 12 4 0 164 Phn ng ho hc 5 4 1 105 L thuyt v phn ng ho hc 7 6 1 146 Dung dch in ly 12 5 1 187 Nhm Halogen 10 4 2 168 Nhm Oxi 10 6 2 18

n tp u nm, cui nm, hc k 6 6Kim tra 8 8

Tng 77 35 8 6 8 134

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III. NI DUNG DY HCn tp b sung, h thng ho kin thc ho hc trng THCS (2 tit)

CH NI DUNG GHI CH

KINTHCC SHOHCCHUNG

1. Cc n v o lng v danh php ho hc

2. Nguyn t2.1. Thnh phn nguyn t. Tnh cht sng ht ca vt cht2.2. Ht nhn nguyn t (thnh phn, in tch, s khi, nguyn t khi, khi lng...)2.3. Nguyn t ho hc. ng v. Nguyn t khi trung bnh.2.4. S lc ho hc ht nhn2.5. S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t - Obitan nguyn t.2.6. Nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t. Cu hnh electron trong nguyn t.3. Bng tun hon v nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc3.1. Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.

3.2. S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t ho hc3.3. S bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t ho hc. nh lut tun hon.3.4. ngha ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.4.Lin kt ho hc4.1. Khi nim v lin kt ho hc. di lin kt. Nng lng lin kt. Momen lng

cc. Lc Van der Waals.4.2. Mt s loi lin kt ho hc: lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cho nhn,

lin kt hidro. Phng php cp electron. m in v lin kt ho hc.4.3. S lai ho cc obitan nguyn t v hnh dng ca phn t. S xen ph obitan to

thnh lin kt n, lin kt i v lin kt ba.4.4. Lin kt kim loi.4.5. Mng li tinh th phn t, nguyn t, ion.5. Phn ng ho hc5.1. Ho tr v s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong phn t5.2. Phn ng oxi ho - kh. Phn loi phn ng oxi ho - kh.

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5.3. Phn loi phn ng ho hc.6. L thuyt v phn ng ho hc6.1. Khi nim nhit trong ho hc.6.2. Chiu v gii hn t din bin ca cc qu trnh5.3. Cn bng ho hc v cc yu t nh hng.Hng s cn bng Kc.

6.4. Tc phn ng ho hc v cc yu t nh hng.

7. Dung dch S in ly7.1. Khi nim v dung dch. S ho tan. tan.7.2. nh lut Raoult 2. p sut thm thu.7.3. S in ly. Cht in ly mnh, yu. in ly. Hng s in ly. nh lut bo ton

nng .7.4. Tch s ion ca nc. Khi nim pH, ch th mu.7.5. Thuyt axit baz ca Bronsted. Hng s axit baz. Cp axit baz lin hp.

Dung dch m. Tch s tan7.6. Phn ng ca cc ion trong dung dch: phn ng axit baz, phn ng to hp cht

t tan, phn ng thu phn mui, phn ng oxiho - kh, phn ng to phc.

HOHC VC

8. Nhm Halogen8.1. Khi qut v nhm halogen.8.2. Clo. Cc hp cht c oxi v khng c oxi ca clo.8.3. Cc halogen khc: Flo, Brom, Iot. Mt s hp cht c oxi v khng c oxi ca

brom, iot.9.Nhm oxi (Cancogen)

9.1.Khi qut v nhm oxi.9.2. Oxi - Ozon - Hiro peoxit.9.3. Lu hunh.9.4. Cc hp cht ca lu hunh: ihidro sunfua v mui sunfua Lu hunh ioxit, lu hunh trioxit.

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Axit sunfuric v mui sunfat S lc mt s axit c oxi khc ca lu hunh.

THCHNHHAHC

1. Mt s thao tc c bn trong thc hnh th nghim ho hc. Bng tun hon ccnguyn t ho hc v nh lut tun hon.

2. Phn ng oxi ho- kh.3. Tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc.4. Dung dch in ly5. Tnh cht ca halogen6. Tnh cht cc hp cht ca halogen. Nhn bit ion Cl- Br-, I-.7. Tnh cht ca oxi, lu hunh8. Tnh cht cc hp cht ca lu hunh.

N TP,

LUYNTP

n tp u nm, hc k 1, cui nmn luyn tp v cha bi tp.1. Bi luyn tp 1, 2, 3, 4: Nguyn t2. Bi luyn tp 5, 6 : Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc v nh lut tun hon.3. Bi luyn tp 7, 8, 9, 10: Lin kt ho hc.4. Bi luyn tp 11, 12, 13, 14: Phn ng oxi ho- kh5. Bi luyn tp 15, 16, 17, 18: L thuyt phn ng ho hc6. Bi luyn tp 19, 20, 21, 22, 23: Dung dch in ly5. Bi luyn tp 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29: Nhm Halogen.6. Bi luyn tp 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35: Nhm Oxi.

KIMTRA

- Kim tra 45 pht: 6 bi, mi hc k 3 bi- Kim tra hc k I v cui nm: 2 bi

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IV. CHUN KIN THC V K NNG

1. N V O LNG V DANH PHP TRONG HO V C

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) n v o lng Kin thc

Bit:- Cc n v o lng theo h SI v s lin h gia cc n vK nng- Bit s dng v chuyn cc loi n v

2) Danh php Kin thc

Bit:- Cch gi tn cc n cht, nguyn t, hp cht c hai, ba nguyn t.K nng- Bit cch gi tn cc n cht, nguyn t, hp cht c hai, ba nguyn t

theo danh php IUPAC.

2. NGUYN T

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch

1) Thnh phn

nguyn t

Kin thc

Hiu:- Nguyn t gm ht nhn nm tm nguyn t mang in tch dng v velectron ca nguyn t gm cc electron mang in tch m; chuyn ngxung quanh ht nhn. Ht nhn gm cc ht proton v ntron.Khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn, khi lng cc electron l khngng k.

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Bit:- n v khi lng, Kch thc ca nguyn t; K hiu, khi lng v intch ca electron, proton v ntron.- Tnh cht lng tnh sng ht ca vt cht.K nng

- Quan st m hnh cc th nghim, rt ra nhn xt.- So snh khi lng ca electron vi proton v ntron.- So snh kch thc ca ht nhn vi electron v vi nguyn t.- Tnh c khi lng v kch thc ca nguyn t.

2) Ht nhn nguynt

Kin thc

Hiu:- S lin quan gia in tch ht nhn, s p v s e, s khi v s n v intch ht nhn v ntron.

- Nguyn t khi v khi lng ht nhn nguyn tK nng- Xc nh c s electron, s proton, s ntron khi bit k hiu nguyn tv s khi ca nguyn t v ngc li.

3) ng v

Nguyn t khitrung bnh.

Kin thcBit c:- Khi nim ng v, ng v bn, nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mtnguyn t. Khi nim nguyn t ho hc- Nguyn t khi tng i thng vit gn l nguyn t khi v khng c

th nguyn.K nngGii c bi tp: tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t c nhiung v, tnh t l % khi lng mi ng v v mt s bi tp khc linquan.

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4) S lc v hohc ht nhn

Kin thcBit c:- ht khi. Nng lng lin kt ca ht nhn.- Khi nim v hin tng phng x, h phng x, phng x, nh lut

bo ton s khi. nh lut bo ton proton, nh lut phn r phng x, chuk phn r ca ng v phng x. ng dng ca ng v phng x.- Khi nim v phn ng ht nhnK nng- Bit cch tnh ht khi v nng lng lin kt ht nhn- Bit vit phng trnh phn r phng x v phn ng ht nhn da vo ccnh lut- Bit cch tnh cng phng x, thi gian phn r phng x (tui), lngcht cn li sau khi phn r phng x, thi gian bn r v.v...

5) S chuyn ngca electrontrong nguyn t .Obitan nguyn t

Kin thcBit c:- M hnh hin i v s chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t..Obitan nguyn t, hnh dng cc obitan nguyn t S, Px, Py, Pz.- Khi nim lp , phn lp electron v s obitan trong mi lp v mi phnlp. Cc s lng t, gi tr cc s lng t v ngha ca chng.K nng- Xc nh c th t cc lp electron trong nguyn t, s obitan trongmi lp, mi phn lp.- Xc nh c mi lin h gia electron, lp electron vi cc s lng t.

6) Nng lng cacc ellectrontrong nguyn t.Cu hnhelectron nguyn

Kin thcHiu c:- Mc nng lng obitan trong nguyn t v trt t sp xp.- Cc nguyn l v quy tc phn b electron trong nguyn t: Nguyn lvng bn, nguyn l Pauli, qui tc Hun.

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t . - Cu hnh electron v cch vit cu hnh electron trong nguyn t.- S phn b electron trn cc phn lp, lp v cu hnh electron nguyn tca 20 nguyn t u tin.- c im ca lp electron ngoi cng.K nng

- Vit c cu hnh electron di dng lng t ca mt s nguyn t- Da vo cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t suy ra tnh chtc bn ca nguyn t l kim loi, phi kim hay kh him.

3. BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC - NH LUT TUN HON

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) Bng tun hon

cc nguyn t hohc

Kin thcHiu c:- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.

- Cu to ca bng tun hon: , chu k, nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhmB), cc nguyn t h Lantan, h Actini.- nguyn t gm: k hiu, tn nguyn t, s hiu nguyn t, nguyn tkhi, cu hnh electron, m in.K nng- T v tr trong bng tun hon ca nguyn t (, nhm, chu k) suy ra cuhnh electron v ngc li.

2) S bin i tunhon cu hnh

electron canguyn t ccnguyn t hohc

Kin thcHiu c:

- c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn tnhm A.- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t ccnguyn t trong chu k.- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t cc nguyn t chnh lnguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon v tnh cht cc nguyn t.

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Bit - c im cu hnh electron ho tr ca nguyn t cc nguyn tnhm B.K nng- Da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nhm A, suy ra cu to nguynt, c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng.

- Da vo cu hnh electron, xc nh nguyn t s, p, d.3) S bin i tun

hon tnh chtcc nguyn t hohc.

Kin thc- Bit khi nim v quy lut bin i tun hon ca bn knh nguyn t,nnglng ion ho, i lc electron, m in ca mt s nguyn t trongmt chu k, trong nhm A.K nng- Da vo qui lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn

trong chu k (nhm A) c th, th d s bin thin v: m in, bn knhnguyn t, nng lng ion ho, i lc electron.

4) S bin i tunhon tnh kimloi phi kim canguyn t hohc.nh lut tunhon.

Kin thc- Hiu c khi nim v quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim trongmt chu k, trong nhm A .- Hiu c s bin i ho tr ca cc nguyn t vi hiro v ho tr caonht vi oxi ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k.- Bit s bin i tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit trong mt chu k,trong mt nhm A.- Hiu c ni dung nh lut tun hon.K nng

Da vo qui lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trongchu k ( nhm A) c th, th d s bin thin v:- Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t vi oxi v vi hiro.- Tnh cht kim loi, phi kim.Vit c cng thc ho hc v ch ra tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v

hiroxit tng ng.

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5) ngha ca bngtun hon ccnguyn t hohc

Kin thcHiu c:- Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to

nguyn t , gia v tr vi tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t .

- Mi quan h gia tnh cht ca mt nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cnK nngT v tr ( nguyn t) trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, suy ra:

- Cu hnh electron nguyn t- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n cht v hp cht nguyn t .- So snh tnh kim loi, phi kim ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.

4. LIN KT HO HC

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch

1) Khi nim linkt ho hc. Mts d kin v linkt.

Kin thcBit c:- Khi nim lin kt ho hc, qui tc bt t.- di lin kt. Nng lng lin kt. Lc Van der Waals. Momen lng

cc.K nng- Bit cch xc nh phn t c cc hay khng phn cc da vo di lin

kt, Nng lng lin kt. Lc Van der Waals. Momen lng cc.

2) Mt s loi linkt ho hc. m in v linkt ho hc.

Kin thcHiu c:- S to thnh ion m (anion), ion dng (cation), ion n nguyn t, ion anguyn t, s to thnhlin kt ion.- S hnh thnh lin kt cng ho tr, nh ngha lin kt cng ho tr.Phng php cp electron

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- S hnh thnh lin kt cho nhn, S hnh thnh lin kt hidro- Mi quan h gia m in vi mt s loi lin ktK nng- Vit c cu hnh electron ca ion n nguyn t c th.- Xc nh ion n nguyn t, ion a nguyn t trong mt phn t cht c

th. Vit c cng thc electron, cng thc cu to ca mt s phn t cth. D on c kiu lin kt ho hc c th c trong phn t gm 2nguyn t khi bit hiu m in ca chng.

3) S lai ho obitannguyn t vhnh dng caphn t.S xen ph ccobitan.

Kin thcHiu c:- S xen ph cc obitan nguyn t trong s to thnh phn t n cht ( H2,Cl2), to thnh phn t hp cht ( HCl, CO2)- S lai ho obitan nguyn t. sp, sp2, sp3 v dng hnh hc ca phn t- S xen ph trc, s xen ph bn cc obitan nguyn t, lin kt v lin

kt .K nng- V s hnh thnh lin kt v lin kt , lai ho sp, sp2, sp3.- Xc nh c trng thi lai ho ca nguyn t v dng hnh hc ca phnt.

4) Lin kt kim loi Kin thcBit:- Khi nim lin kt kim loi.- Mt s mng tinh th kim loi v tnh cht ca tinh th kim loi.Ly th d

c th.5) Mng tinh th

nguyn t, mngtinh th phn tv mng li tinh

Kin thcBit c:- Khi nim tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t, tinh th ion, mng li tinhth ion.

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th ion - Tnh cht chung ca hp cht c tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t v hpcht ion.K nng- Da vo cu to loi mng tinh th, d on tnh cht vt l ca cht.

5. PHN NG HO HC

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) Ho tr. S oxi

hoKin thcBit c:

- Khi nim in ho tr v cch xc nh in ho tr trong hp cht ion .- Khi nim cng ha tr v xch xc cng ho tr trong hp cht cng hotr.- Khi nim s oxi ho ca nguyn t. Nhng quy tc xc nh s oxi hoca nguyn t.K nngXc nh c in ho tr, cng ha tr, s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong mts phn t n cht v hp cht c th.

2) Phn ng oxi

ho- kh

Kin thc

Hiu c:- Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxiho ca nguyn t.- Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron, cht kh l cht nhng electron. Soxi ho l s nhng electron, s kh l s nhn electron.

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Bit c: Cc bc lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh.- ngha ca phn ng oxi ho - kh trong thc tin.- Cch phn loi cc phn ng oxiho - kh: bnh thng, nh mi trng,t oxiho - kh, oxiho - kh ni phn t, c nhiu nguyn t tham gia...K nng

- Phn bit c cht oxi ha v cht kh, s oxi ho v s kh trong phnng oxi ho - kh c th.- Lp c phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s oxi ho- Thnh tho cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxiho - kh theo phng

php thng bng electron v phng php ion electron.- Gii c bi ton c phng trnh phn ng oxiho - kh

3) Phn loi phnng trong hohc v c.

Kin thcHiu c:- Cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi: phn ng oxiho - kh v

khng phi l phn ng oxiho - kh.K nng- Xc nh c mt phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxiho - kh da vo sthay i s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t.- Gii c bi tp ho hc c lin quan

6. L THUYT V PHN NG HO HC

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) Khi nim nhit

trong ho hc

Kin thc

Bit c:- Nhit phn ng l g? Phn ng to nhit, phn ng thu nhit? Nhit sinhchun, nhit chy chun, nhit chuyn pha... ca mt cht.- nh lut Hees v cc h qu.- Cch tnh hiu ng nhit ca mt phn ng.

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K nng- Bit biu din phng trnh nhit ho hc c th.- Tnh c nhit phn ng t mt trong hai loi d kin l: Nhit to thnhv Nng lng lin kt.

2) Chiu v gii hnt din bin cacc qu trnh

Kin thcBit c:- Cc khi nim bin thin entanpi H, bin thin entropi S v bin thinth ng p (hay nng lng Gibls) G- Cc biu thc biu din mi quan h gia cc i lng trn.- iu kin qu trnh t xy ra l G < 0K nng- Gii c mt s bi tp xc nh chiu xy ra ca phn ng

3) Cn bng ho hc Kin thc

Hiu c:- nh ngha phn ng thun nghch v nu th d .- nh ngha v cn bng ho hc v i lng c trung l hng s cn

bng (biu thc v ngha) trong h ng th v h d th.- nh ngha v s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc v cc yu t nh hng- Ni dung nguyn l L sa- t- li v vn dng trong mi trng hp c th.

- Tiu chun v cn bng v t din bin ca qu trnh G0 = RT ln KK nng- Quan st th nghim rt ra c nhn xt v phn ng thun nghch v cn

bng ho hc.- D on c chiu chuyn dch cn bng ho hc trong nhng iu kin cth.- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc xutcch tng hiu sut phn ng trong trng hp c th.

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- Gii c bi tp: Tnh hng s cn bng K nhit nht nh ca phnng thun nghch bit nng cc cht trng thi cn bng v ngc li;

bi tp khc c ni dung lin quan.4) Tc phn ng

ho hc

Kin thcBit c:- nh ngha tc phn ng, tc trung bnh, biu thc tnh tc trung

bnh.Hiu c:- Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng: nng , p sut, nhit ,din tch b mt cht rn v cht xc tc.K nng- Quan st th nghim c th, hin tng thc t v tc phn ng, rt rac nhn xt.- Vn dng c cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng lm tnghoc gim tc ca mt s phn ng trong thc t i sng, sn xut theohng c li.

7. DUNG DCH S IN LY

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) Khi nim v

dung dch.Kin thcBit c:- nh ngha dung dch, cc loi dung dch (lng, rn, keo, huyn ph, nhtng, bo ho v.v...)

- S ho tan, c ch s ho tan. tan- Cc loi nng dung dch- nh lut Raoult 2. p sut thm thu.K nng- Tnh c tan ca cht tan v nng ca dung dch to ra bo ho

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hoc cha bo ho.- Bit p dng cc nh lut gii bi tp

2) S in ly Kin thcHiu c:- Khi nim v s in ly, c ch ca s in ly.- Cht in ly mnh, yu. in ly. Hng s in ly. nh lut bo tonnng .- Tch s ion ca nc, ngha Tch s ion ca nc. pH v nh nghami trng axit, mi trng trung tnh v mi trng kim.- Cht ch th axit - baz : qu tm, phenolphtalein v giy ch th vn nngK nng- Vit c phng trnh in ly cc cht- Xc nh in ly ca cc cht in ly yu. Xc nh c mi quan h

gia in ly, pH ca mt dung dch da vo hng s in ly- S dng ch th mu trong phn tch dung dch3) Thuyt axit

bazKin thcBit c:- Ni dung thuyt axit baz ca Bronsted. Hng s axit baz. Cp axit

baz lin hp.- Khi nim v dung dch m.- Khi nim v tch s ho tan, hng s to phc.K nng

- Xc nh c cc axit, baz theo Bronsted- Bit cch s dng hng s axit baz trong dung dch m- Bit cch s dng tch s tan v hng s to phc trong cc phn ng tocht kt ta v to phc cht

4) Phn ng ca Kin thc

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cc cht trongdung dch

Bit c:- Cc loi phn ng trong dung dch in ly: phn ng axit baz, phn ngto cht t tan, phn ng thu phn mui, phn ng oxiho - kh, phn ngto phc...K nng

- Vit thnh tho cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion- Biu din c cc cn bng cc loi trong dung dch in ly- p dng thch hp cc loi hng s cho mi loi cn bng tnh ton c.- Gii c cc bi tp lin quan

8. NHM HALOGEN

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) Khi qut v

nhm halogenKin thcHiu c:

- V tr nhm halogen trong bng tun hon.- S bin i m in, bn knh nguyn t, nng lng ion ho th nhtv mt s tnh cht vt l ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.- Cu hnh electron nguyn t v cu to phn t ca nhng nguyn t trongnhm halogen. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l tnhoxi ho mnh.- S bin i tnh cht ha hc ca cc n cht trong nhm halogen.K nng- Vit c cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng dng lng t ca nguyn t

F, Cl, Br, I trng thi c bn v trng thi kch thch.- D on c tnh cht ha hc c bn ca halogen l tnh oxi ha mnhda vocu hnh lp electron ngoi cng v mt s tnh cht khc ca nguyn t.- Vit c cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht oxi ho mnh ca cc nguyn

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t halogen, quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.- Gii c bi tp: Tnh % th tch hoc khi lng ca halogen hoc hpcht ca chng trong hn hp; bi tp khc c ni dung lin quan.

2) Clo Kin thc

Bit c:- Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, ng dng ca clo, phng php iuch clo trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip.Hiu c: Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo l tnh oxi ho mnh (tc dngvi: kim loi, hiro, mui ca cc halogen khc, hp cht c tnh kh); clocn c tnh kh.K nng- D on, kim tra v kt lun c v tnh cht ha hc c bn ca clo.- Quan st cc th nghim hoc hnh nh th nghim rt ra nhn xt v tnh

cht, iu ch clo.- Vit cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht ho hc v iu ch clo.- Gii c bi tp: Tnh khi lng nguyn liu cn thit iu ch th tchkh clo ktc cn dng; cc bi tp khc c ni dung lin quan.

3) Hiro clorua -Axit clohiric

Kin thcBit c:- Tnh cht vt l ca hiro clorua; hiro clorua tan rt nhiu trong nc tothnh dung dch axit clohiric.- Phng php iu ch axit clohiric trong phng th nghim v trong cng

nghip.- Tnh cht vt l, ng dng ca mt s mui clorua, phn ng c trng caion clorua.Hiu c:- Cu to phn t HCl.

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- Dung dch HCl l mt axit mnh. HCl c tnh khK nng- D on, kim tra d on, kt lun c v tnh cht ca axit HCl.- Vit cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca axit HCl.- Phn bit dung dch HCl v mui clorua vi dung dch axit v mui khc.

- Gii c mt s bi tp tng hp c ni dung lin quan n tnh cht, ngdng v iu ch HCl.

4) Hp cht c oxica clo

Kin thcBit c:- Cc oxit v cc axit c oxi ca clo, s bin i tnh bn, tnh axit v khnng oxi ho ca cc axit c oxi ca clo.- Thnh phn ha hc, ng dng, nguyn tc sn xut mt s mui c oxica clo.Hiu c:

- Tnh oxiha mnh ca mt s hp cht c oxi ca clo (nc giaven, cloruavi, mui clorat)K nng- Vit c cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht ha hc v iu ch nc Giaven,clorua vi, mui clorat.- S dng c hiu qu, an ton nc Gia-ven, clorua vi trong thc t.- Gii c mt s bi tp ho hc c ni dung lin quan n tnh cht, ngdng v iu ch.

5. Flo, brom, iot. Kin thcBit c:- Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, ng dng, iu ch flo, brom, iot- Thnh phn phn t, tn gi, tnh cht c bn, mt s ng dng, iu chmt s hp cht ca flo, brom, iot.

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Hiu c:- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom, iot l tnh oxi ho mnh v gimdn t flo n clo, brom, iot; nguyn nhn tnh oxi ho gim dn t flo niot.K nng- D on, kim tra v kt lun c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca flo, brom,iot.- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht ho hc.- Vit c cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca flo, brom, iot vtnh oxi ha gim dn t flo n iot.- Gii c mt s bi tp ho hc c ni dung lin quan n tnh cht, ngdng v iu ch.

9. NHM OXI

Ni dung Mc cn t Ch 1) Khi qut v

nhm oxiKin thcHiu c:- V tr nhm oxi trong bng tun hon.- S bin i m in, bn knh nguyn t, nng lng ion ho v mt stnh cht vt l ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.- Cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm oxitng t nhau; cc nguyn t trong nhm (tr oxi) c nhiu s oxi ho khc

nhau.- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t nhm oxi l tnh oxi ho. Skhc nhau gia oxi v cc nguyn t trong nhm. S bin i tnh cht hahc ca cc n cht trong nhm oxi.- Tnh cht ca hp cht vi hiro, hiroxit.

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K nng- Vit c cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng dng lng t ca nguyn tO, S, Se, Te trng thi c bn v trng thi kch thch.- D on c tnh cht ha hc c bn ca nhm oxi l tnh oxi ha da vocu hnh lp electron ngoi cng v mt s tnh cht khc ca nguyn t.

- Vit c cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht oxi ho ca cc nguyn tnhm oxi quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.- Gii c mt s bi tp ho hc c ni dung lin quan n tnh cht ncht v hp cht nhm oxi lu hunh.

2) Oxi Kin thcBit c:- Tnh cht vt l, phng php iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim, trongcng nghip, s to ra oxi trong t nhin.Hiu c:

- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng dng lng t ca oxi, cu to phn toxi.- Tnh cht ho hc: Oxi c tnh oxiho rt mnh (oxiho c hu ht kimloi, phi kim, nhiu hp cht v c v hu c), ng dng ca oxiK nng- D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca oxi.- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht, iuch...- Vit PTHH minh ho tnh cht v iu ch.

- Gii c mt s bi tp tng hp c ni dung lin quan .

3) Ozon v hiropeoxit Kin thc

Bit c:

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- Ozon l dng th hnh ca oxi, iu kin to thnh ozon.- Tnh cht vt l ca ozon. Ozon trong t nhin v ng dng ca ozon.- Tnh cht vt l v ho hc, ng dng ca hiro peoxit.Hiu c:- Cu to phn t, tnh cht oxiho rt mnh ca ozon

- Cu to phn t, tnh cht oxiho v tnh kh ca hidro peoxitK nng- D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca ozon,hidro peoxit .- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht...- Vit PTHH minh ho tnh cht ca ozon v hiro peoxit.- Gii c mt s bi tp : Tnh % th tch kh ozon to thnh, khi lnghidro peoxit tham gia phn ng, bi tp khc c ni dung lin quan.

4) Lu hunh Kin thc

Bit c:- Hai dng th hnh ph bin (t phng, n t),.nh hng ca nhit ivi cu to v tnh cht vt l ca lu hunh, ng dng v sn xut lu hunh .Hiu c:- V tr, cu hnh electron lp electron ngoi cng dng lng t canguyn t lu hunh trng thi c bn v trng thi kch thch. Cc s oxiho ca lu hunh.- Tnh cht ho hc: Lu hunh va c tnh oxi ho (tc dng vi kim loi,hiro), va c tnh kh (tc dng vi oxi, cht oxi ho mnh).

K nng- D on tnh cht, kim tra, kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc ca luhunh.- Tin hnh th nghim hoc quan st th nghim, hnh nh... rt ra cnhn xt v tnh cht ho hc ca lu hunh.- Vit PTHH chng minh tnh oxi ho v tnh kh ca lu hunh.

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K nng- Quan st th nghim, hnh nh...rt ra c nhn xt v tnh cht, iu chlu hunh ioxit, axit sunfuric.- Vit PTHH minh ho tnh cht v iu ch.- Phn bit mui sunfat , axit sunfuric vi cc axit v mui

khc( CH3COOH, H2S ...)- Gii c bi tp: Tnh nng hoc khi lng dung dch H 2SO4 thamgia hoc to thnh trong phn ng, khi lng H2SO4 to thnh theo hiusut; bi tp tng hp c ni dung lin quan.

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8. THC HNH HO HC

Ni dung Mc cn t1) Mt s thao tc

trong phng th

nghim.S bin i tnhcht ca nguynt trong chu kv nhm.

Kin thc- Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th

nghim:- Rn mt s thao tc thc hnh th nghim: ly ho cht, trn ho cht, unnng ho cht, s dng mt s dng c ho hc thng thng.- S bin i tnh cht nguyn t trong nhm: phn ng gia Na, K vinc.- S bin i tnh cht nguyn t trong chu k: phn ng gia Na, Mg vinc.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim

trn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

2) Phn ng oxi ho- kh

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc thnghim:+ Phn ng gia mt s kim loi Fe, Cu vi H2SO4 long hoc c, nng+ Phn ng gia kim loi Mg vi dung dch mui CuSO4.+ Phn ng gia oxiho - kh gia kim loi vi oxit (Mg + CO2) nhit cao..+ Phn ng oxi ho - kh trong mi trng axit (Cu + KNO3 + H2SO4).K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.

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- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

3) Tnh cht ca cchalogen.

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc thnghim:

+ iu ch axit clo, tnh ty mu ca clo m+ So snh tnh oxiho ca clo vi brom v iot.+ Tc dng ca iot vi h tinh bt.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

4) Tnh cht ca cc

hp cht halogen

Kin thc

Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc thnghim:+ Tnh axit ca axit HCl+ Tnh ty mu ca nc Giaven.+ Bi tp thc nghim nhn bit cc dung dch NaCl, NaBr, NaI.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.

- Vit tng trnh th nghim.5) Tnh cht ca oxiv lu hunh

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc thnghim:+ Tnh oxi ho ca oxi v lu hunh (tc dng ca H2 + CuO ; Fe + S).

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+ Tnh kh ca lu hunh (tc dng ca S + O2)+ S bin i trng thi ca lu hunh theo nhit .K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.

- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.6) Tnh cht cc hp

cht ca luhunh

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc thnghim:+ Tnh kh ca hidro sunfua (tc dng ca H2S + O2)+ Tnh kh v tnh oxi ho ca lu hunh ioxit.+ Tnh oxi ho v tnh ho nc ca H2SO4 c.K nng

- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

7) Tc phn ngv cn bng hohc.

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc thnghim:+ nh hng ca nng n tc phn ng+ nh hng ca nhit n tc phn ng

+ nh hng ca din tch b mt cht rn n tc phn ng+ nh hng ca nhit n cn bng ho hcK nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.

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V. Gii thch v hng dn thc hin

Chng trnh chuyn su mn Ha hc lp 10 c xy dng da trn mt s c s sau y:- Mc tiu gio dc ca loi hnh THPT chuyn ni chung v chuyn Ha hc ni ring.- Ni dung dy hc mn Ha hc trng THPT chuyn nm 2001.- Chng trnh mn Ha hc THPT nng cao.1. K hoch dy hc

Ngoi ni dung dy theo chng trnh THPT nng cao, tng thi lng dnh cho ni dung Ha hc chuyn su lp 10l khong 43 tit c phn b c th theo ni dung cc ch thuc kin thc c s ha hc chung v ha hc v c,n luyn tp v thc hnh.2. Ni dung dy hc

Ngoi ni dung ha hc nng cao thao chng trnh THPT nng cao ha hc 10, ni dung dy hc chuyn su hahc10 gip pht trin nng lc nhn thc v t duy khoa hc Ha hc to iu kin cho HS tip tc i su v pht trinhng th hc tp, nim say m nghin cu ha hc to iu kin HS tip tc theo hc chuyn ngnh Ha hc hocKHTN c lin quan.

Ni dung dy hc chuyn su to c s cho HS tham gia cc k thi HSG quc gia, quc t gp phn pht hin v bidng nhn ti Ha hc v cc ngnh khoa hc t nhin.

Ni dung dy hc Ha hc 10 chuyn su bao gm cc ni dung c lin quan sau y:- Ha i cng gm mt s kin thc c s ha hc chung: Tnh cht sng ht ca vt cht, S lc ho hc htnhn, Khi nim v lin kt ho hc. di lin kt. Nng lng lin kt. Momen lng cc. Lc Van der Waals. lin

kt hidro. Phng php cp electron, Chiu v gii hn t din bin ca cc qu trnh.Mt s loi lin kt ho hc: lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cho nhn, lin kt hidro. Phng php cpelectron.

Ngoi ra c b sung thm ni dung v dung dch v s in ly Ha hc 11 gm:- Khi nim v dung dch. S ho tan. tan.- nh lut Raoult 2. p sut thm thu.

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- S in ly. Cht in ly mnh, yu. in ly. Hng s in ly. nh lut bo ton nng .- Tch s ion ca nc. Khi nim pH, ch th mu.- Thuyt axit baz ca Bronsted. Hng s axit baz. Cp axit baz lin hp. Dung dch m. Tch s tan- Phn ng ca cc ion trong dung dch: phn ng axit baz, phn ng to hp cht t tan, phn ng thu phn mui,

phn ng oxiho - kh, phn ng to phc.

- Ha v c : Cc ni dung chuyn su v hp cht ca cc halogen, oxi, lu hunh, th d: S lc mt s axit c oxikhc ca lu hunh.

ng thi tng cng ni dung n, luyn tp gii bi tp v thc hnh th nghim.3. Phng php v phng tin dy hcPhng php dy hc cn pht huy cao tnh tch cc, ch ng c lp, sng to ca HS trong vic t hc, t c ti

liu tham kho, tm tt ni dung v lm cc bi tp ha hc chuyn su.T chc cc hot ng c nhn v nhm gii quyt mt s vn l thuyt, thc hnh, thc tin c lin quan n hahc.S dng cc phng tin dy hc c th ca b mn Ha hc v phng tin dy hc hin i gip HS khm ph vn

dng kin thc mt cch thng minh, sng to.Ch bi dng phng php thu thp thng tin v x l thng tin mt cch linh hot, sng to.4. nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh.Tng cng nh gi k nng thc hnh th nghim ha hc c bn v nng cao theo chng trnh chuyn su.Ch trng nh gi nng lc khm ph, vn dng kin thc, rn luyn k nng ha hc mt cch c lp, sng to

gii quyt vn c m phng trong bi tp ha hc, mt s vn hc tp ha hc c lin quan n thc tin snxut v i sng.

VI. Ti liu tham kho

1. o Hu Vinh - Nguyn Duy i - Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc 10. Tp 2. NXBGD H ni 2005.2. Nguyn Duy A- o Hu Vinh. Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc THPT. Bi tp Ha hc i cng v v c.NXBGD H ni 2003.3. Nguyn Tinh Dung. Gio trnh Ha hc phn tch 1: Cn bng ion trong dung dch. NXB HSP H ni 2005.4. Nguyn Hnh - C s l thuyt ha hc. NXB Gio dc H ni 1997.

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5. Nguyn Duy i, Nguyn Tinh Dung, Trn Thnh Hu, Trn Quc Sn, Nguyn Vn Tng... Mt s vn chn lcca Ha hc. Tp 1,2,3. NXB Gio dc H ni 2005.6. Hong Nhm- Ha hc v c. Tp 1,2, 3. NXB Gio dc H ni 2005.

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LP 11I. Mc chThng nht trn phm vi ton quc:- K hoch dy hc v ni dung dy hc mn Ha hc cho trng THPT chuyn.- Ni dung bi dng hc sinh gii cp THPT.

II. K hoch dy hc: Tng s tit chuyn su: 53 titSTT

Ni dung L thuyt Luyn tp Thchnh

n tp Kim tra Tng stit

1 n tp v b tc kin thc v dungdch: Cn bng ion trong dung dch

2 1 1 4

2 Nhm nit 5 1 1 73 Nhm cacbon 3 1 44 i cng Ha hc hu c 4 1

1

65 Hirocacbon no 3 1 46 Hirocacbon khng no 3 1 57 Hirocacbon thm. Ngun

hirocacbon t thin nhin.2 1 4

8 Dn xut halogen 2 1 1 39 Ancol- Phenol 2 1 310 Anehit- Xeton 2 1 1 311 Axit cacboxylic 3 1 412 n tp u nm, cui nm, hc k 3 313 Kim tra 3 3

Tng s tit 31 11 5 3 3 53

III. Ni dung dy hc

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- Thi lng: 87 tit theo ni dung chng trnh THPT Ha hc nng cao lp 11.- Thi lng 53 tit cn li thc hin cc ni dung chuyn su theo hng dn di y:Ch Ni dung chuyn su Ghi ch

1. n tpv b tc

kin thcv dungdch: Cnbng iontrong dungdch

1.1. Cn bng trong dung dch axit - baz- Axit mnh, baz mnh. n axit, n baz yu.

- a axit, a baz. Cc hp cht lng tnh. Dung dch phc hiroxo ca cc ion kim loi.- Dung dch m, tnh cht, cch pha ch.- S lc l thuyt v chun axit- baz.1.2.Cn bng to phc trong dung dch.- Phc cht trong dung dch. Cn bng v tnh cht ca cc phc cht.- Cc yu t nh hng n s to phc: lng thuc th d, pH.- Gii thiu mt s phc cht thng gp.1.3.Cc phn ng oxi ha- kh- Cp oxi ha- kh v cht oxi ha- kh lin hp. Gii thch nh tnh v nh lng chiu

phn ng oxi ha- kh.- Cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ha- kh theo phng php ion- electron.1.4 Cn bng trong dung dch cha hp cht t tan- tan v tch s tan. Tnh tan v tch s tan trong cc trng hp n gin.- Cc yu t nh hng n tan ca cc hp cht t tan.

+ nh hng ca lng d thuc th.+ nh hng ca pH.+ nh hng ca cht to phc.

- iu kin xut hin kt ta.

- iu kin kt ta hon ton v cc yu t nh hng.- S kt ta phn on.- Chn thuc th ha tan cc kt ta kh tan.

C cp

hng scn

bng vth ngp ,ngnhitchunv c

vndngtrongcctrnghp cth.

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2. Nhmnit-photpho.Hp chtca nit v

photpho

2.1. AmoniacTnh cht to phc. Gii thiu mt s phc cht ca NH3 vi cc ion kim loi.2. 2 Mt s oxit thng gp ca nitCu to phn t, tnh cht ha hc, cch iu ch.

2.3. Mui amoni

Phn ng axit yu ca mui amoni.2.4. Axit nitr v mui nitritCu to phn t. Tnh cht vt l. S phn hy bi nhit ca cc axit nitr v cc mui

nitrit. Tnh oxi ha- kh ca axit nitr.2.5. Axit nitric v mui nitratTnh cht oxi ha mnh ca axit nitric v mui nitrat. Nc cng thy.2.6. Mt s hp cht khc c nhiu ng dng ca nitHirazin, hiroxylamin, mt s nitrua kim loi: Khi nim azit, s lc v cu to phn

t, tnh cht v ng dng.

2.7. Mt s hp cht khc c nhiu ng dng ca photphoPhotpho oxit, photpho halogenua, photphin, axit cha oxi( axit photphor,hipophotphor): S lc v cu to phn t, tnh cht v ng dng.

3. Nhmcacbon-silic. Mts hpcht cacacbon

3.1. Cac bua kim loiS lc v cu to phn t, tnh cht v ng dng.3.2. Hiro xianuaS lc v cu to phn t, tnh cht v ng dng.3.3. Axit xianic, axit thioxianic v cc muiS lc v cu to phn t, tnh cht v ng dng.

4. i cng v ho 4.1. Cc loi danh php hu c quan trng

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hc hu c Khi nim v danh php na h thng, danh php trao i, danh php cng vdanh php tr.4.2. Cc loi cng thc lp thCng thc lp th kiu" nt lin- ng cho" (sawhorse representation), cngthc Niumen ( Newman), cng thc Fis (Fischer).

4.3. Cc loi hiu ng electronKhi nim ( c minh ha) v quy lut v hiu ng cm ng v hiu ng linhp.Khi nim ( c minh ha) v hiu ng siu lin hp.4.4. Cc kiu phn ct lin kt cng ho tr. Cacbocation, cacbanion vgc t doKiu phn ct d li to thnh cacbanion.Khi nim, cu trc hnh hc, cu trc electron v bn tng i ca tngloi tiu phn: Cacbocation, cacbanion v gc t do.

4.5. Khi nim c ch phn ngKhi nim v minh ha v c ch phn ng. Phn loi s b c ch phn ng( phn ng theo c ch gc t do, phn ng electrophin v phn ngnucleophin).

Khi nimv ngha.

Vn dnghiu ngelectron.

5. Hirocacbon no 5.1. Danh php ankan, ankyl, xicloankanDanh php ankan v ankyl c mch phn nhnh. p dng quy tc" im khcnhau u tin". Danh php xicloankan loi hai vng kiu spiro v kiu bixiclo.5.2. Cu dngCu dng mt s ng ng trn ca etan: cc dng bn v dng khng bn,

cch biu din cu dng.Hnh dng ca cc vng no t 3 cnh n 6 cnh. Xiclohexan: khi nim vdng gh v dng thuyn, lin kt bin v lin kt trc.5.3. Quan h gia cu to v mt s tnh cht vt l

Nhit si v nhit nng chy: Quy lut trong dy hirocacbon no, linh n cc dn xut ca ankan.

Khngkho stdn xutth.

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Tnh tan: Quy lut chung, vn dng vo dy hirocacbon no, lin h n ccdn xut ca ankan.5.4. C ch phn ng SR v s lin quan gia kh nng phn ng vi cuto phn tQuy lut th SR cc ng ng ca metan. Kh nng phn ng tng i v

cch tnh gn ng t l % sn phm ng phn.

6. Hirocacbonkhng no

6.1. Cch gi tn hirocacbon khng no v gc khng noTn ca hirocacbon c 2 lin kt kp v tn ca cc gc khng no khng

phc tp.6.2. ng phn hnh hcKhi qut chung v iu kin xut hin ng phn hnh hc. Danh php cu

hnh: cis/trans v Z/E; khi nim v danh php syn/anti. So snh tnh cht ( t0s,t0nc, mo men lng cc...) gia hai ng phn hnh hc.

6.3. C ch cng electrophin v kh nng phn ngVn dng c ch AE v hiu ng electron, so snh kh nng phn ng giaanken v ankin, gia etilen v ng ng.6.4. C ch cng hiro v kh nng phn ngC ch phn ng. So snh kh nng phn ng gia anken v ankin, gia etilenv ng ng...6.5. Phn ng oxi ho lin kt kp v phng php xc nh v tr ca linkt kpOxi ha gi nguyn mch cacbon; oxi ha ct mch cacbon; phng php xc

nh v tr lin kt kp da trn sn phm oxi ha ct mch.

C cpquy tc CIPv hn

cp.

u tinphn ngozon phn.

7. Hirocacbonthm v ngunhirocacbon tthin nhin

7. 1. Cch gi tn aren v arylng ng ca benzen v aren ngng t. Cc aryl tng ng.

7. 2. c im cu trc ca vng thm cp quy tc Huckel, cc h khc benzen nh ion tropili, d vng 5-6

Gii hnaren ngngt:naphtalen,antraxen,

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cnh,v.v...

7.3. C ch th electrophin SE, quy tc th v nh hng ca cu to nkh nng phn ngC ch chung v c ch ca mt vi loi phn ng c th. M rng quy tc

th.7.4. Ch bin du m bng phng php ho hcCrackinh nhit v crackinh xc tc( bn cht, c ch phn ng),hirocrackinh, rifominh( iu kin phn ng v 5 loi phn ng c bn).

phenantren.

Ch c dvng thm.

8. Dn xuthalogen cahirocacbon

8.1. Khi nim m u v nguyn t cacbon bt i v ng phn quanghcKhi nim v nguyn t cacbon bt i xng, t dn ti khi nim v tnhkhng trng vt - nh( chirality). ng phn quang hc trong trng hp phnt ch c mt cacbon bt i xng.

8.2. C ch phn ng th nucleophinCc c ch SN2, SN1. Quan h gia cu to v kh nng phn ng.8.3. C ch phn ng tch nucleophinCc c ch E2, E1. Quy tc v hng ca phn ng tch.8.4. Phn ng to thnh hp cht c magie v ng dng trong tng hphu cPhn ng to thnh v chuyn ha hp cht c magie.

9. Ancol - Phenol 9.1. Lin kt hiro v nh hng ti tnh cht ca hp cht hu cBn cht, phn loi v iu kin hnh thnh. nh hng n mt s tnh cht

( nhit si, nhit nng chy, tnh tan, bn...)9.2. Tnh axit ca ancol, phenol v nh hng ca cu trcVn dng cc hiu ng electron so snh v gii thch.

9.3. C ch mt s phn ng ca ancol v phenolCc phn ng SN2, SN1, E2, E1 ca ancol. Phn ng SE ca phenol.9.4. Khi nim v ete v epoxit

Vn dngv pht

trin cckin thc hctrc .

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Khi nim, danh php, tnh cht ha hc v ng dng.9.5.Cc phn ng c trng ca poliol c 2 nhm OH lin kTo phc vi Cu(OH)2, vi H3BO3 v oxi ha bi HIO4.

Xtglixerol c

lin hetylenglycol.

10. Anehit - Xeton 10.1. Danh php anehitAnehit mch h cha 3 nhm anehit v cc anehit mch vng.10.2. c im cu trc ca nhm cacbonyl trong phn t anehit vxetonc im hnh hc v cu trc electron. S lin quan gia c im cu trcvi phn ng ca nhm C=O v ca gc hirocacbon.

10.3. Phn ng cng nucleophinC ch, kh nng phn ng v ng dng trong tng hp hu c.10. 4. Phng php ha hc nhn bit anehit xeton v mt s chckhc

Nhn bit anehit xeton. Nhn bit ancol, phenol, dn xut halogen, anken,...10.5. Khi nim v 1,3- ixeton v quinon1,3-ixeton: Cch gi tn, tnh linh ng ca H v cn bng xeto-enol; sto phc vi ion kim loi( nh Cu2+).Quinon: Khi nim quinon v nhm quinoit; c tnh ha hc.

11. Axit cacboxylic 11.1. Cch gi tn axit v gc axylTn ca axit cha nhiu nhm cacboxyl ni vi cacbon mch h v tn caaxit cha nhiu nhm cacboxyl ni vi cacbon mch vng. Tn ca gc axyl.11.2. Tnh cht axit v hiu ng cu trcCc axit no: Nguyn nhn tnh axit. Hiu ng cm ng ca nhm th gc

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hirocacbon.Cc axit khng no: nh hng ca lin kt kp; nh hng ca cu hnhcis/trans.Cc axit thm: nh hng ca cc nhm th trong vng.11.3. Phn ng to thnh cc dn xut ca axit

Este, clorua axit, anhirit axit, amit.11.4. Phn ng kh nhm cacboxyl v phn ng ecacboxyl haPhn ng kh nhm cacboxyl thnh ancol bc 1.Phn ng ecacboxyl ha thnh hirocacbon v thnh xeton.

11.5. S lc v hiroxi axitKhi nim, ng phn, danh php. Phn ng ca tng nhm chc ring r v

phn ng ca c hai nhm chc.11.6. ng phn quang hc trong trng hp phn t c hai cacbon bti xng

ng phn quang hc v danh php cu hnh. Phn t c hai C* khc nhau vphn t c hai C* ging nhau.

Trng tml este.

C suy ratrng hp

c n C*khc nhau.

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Thc hnh Ha hc

Bi Ni dung Mc cn t Ghi ch

1 Tnh cht axit -baz ca mt scht.Chun axit-baz.Cn bng to phctrong dung dch.

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghimxc nh pH ca mt s axit, baz, mui, xc nh nng axit baz bng

phng php chun .+ Xc nh pH ca mt s dung dch ring bit c cng nng 0,01 M nh ccaxit HCl, CH3COOH; cc baz NaOH, NH3; cc mui CH3COONa, NH4Cl.+ Chun axit baz dng ch th l qu tm, phenolphtalein, metylda cam+ S to thnh phc cht [Cu(NH3)4]2+ v s phn hy phc cht [Cu(NH3)4]2+

bng axit.

+ S to thnh kt ta AgCl t dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch HCl. Ha tan ktta AgCl bng dung dch NH3.K nng- Quan st mu sc ca giy ch th, xc nh c pH.- Gii thch, vit PTHH v rt ra nhn xt so snh tnh axit- baz ca cc dungdch cng loi trn.- Thc hin cc thao tc th nghim : S dng ng ht nh git ly ha cht, nhthuc th vo dung dch, thao tc chun dung dch, ...- Quan st hin tng, m t hin tng to kt ta, hin tng ha tan kt ta,

gii thch hin tng to kt ta, ha tan kt ta, s thay i mu ca cht chth... v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

Thigian 60pht.

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2. Tnh cht ca mts hp cht canit ( NO2, HNO3).Tnh cht ca

photpho v mt s

hp cht caphotpho.Tnh cht ca mts hp cht v vtliu cha cacbon,silic.

Kin thc- Bit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:

+ Phn ng ca kh NO2 lm mt mu thuc tm v dung dch nc brom+ Phn ng ca axit HNO3 vi mt s n cht v hp cht c tnh kh.+ Phn ng to thnh P2O5 v tc dng ca P2O5 vi dung dch kim.

+ Phn ng ca mui photphat vi dung dch axit, nhn bit ion photphat trongdung dch.+ Phn ng ca natri silicat (thu tinh lng) vi axit.+ Phn ng ca CO2 vi cc dung dch: kim, aluminat, hn hp bt nh v

nc.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.


Thigian 60pht.

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3 Mt s thao tcth nghim ho hchu c.Tnh cht vt lca mt s ankan,

olime no, tnh chtho hc ca metan.Tnh cht ca mts hirocacbonthm

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh cc th nghim:+ Lm quen vi ni quy, quy nh v an ton th nghim ho hu c, mt sdng c thu tinh, mt s my mc n gin; Chng ct thng, kt tinh chtrn.

+ Th tnh cht vt l ca mt s ankan: kh nng tan ca xng, du ho, ... trongnc v trong hexan.+ Phn ng ca metan vi clo cc iu kin thch hp.+ Th tnh cht chuyn t trng thi rn sang trng thi lng ca mt s polimeno (polietilen: PE cc loi, polipropilen: PP....)+ Th tnh cht ca polime khng no nh cao su t nhin.+ Th tnh tan v kh nng ho tan ca toluen v du ho trong nc v tronghexan.+ Phn ng chy ca toluen. Th tnh tan v tnh thng hoa ca naphtalen.

K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

Thigian 60pht.

4 Th nghim v dnxut halogen,ancol v phenol

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:+ Phn ng ioofom t etanol.+ Chng ct ru t ru 15 thu c cc loi ru v cn c nng xc nh.+ Phn ng ca ancol vi natri.+ Phn ng ca ancol cc bc vi thuc th Lucas.+ Th phn ng ca phenol vi dung dch kim, ca CO2 vi dung dch

phenolat.K nng

Thigian 60pht.

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- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

5 Nghin cu tnhcht ho hc caanehit - xeton,axit cacboxylic

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:+ Phn ng oxi ho fomanehit bng thuc th Felinh.+ Phn ng iodofom ca axeton. Phn ng ca axeton vi 2,4-

initrophenylhirazin.+ Phn ng ca axit axetic vi ancol etylic.+ Th tnh khng no ca axit oleic.+ Phn ng iu ch CH3COOH t CH3COONa.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghimtrn.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

Thigian 60pht.

6 Thc hnh t chnv Ho hc v c

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:Xc nh hm lng bc, ng trong hp kim hn rng (amangam bc hay cth thay bng hn hp 4 kim loi) bng phng php trng lng.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim

Thigian 90

pht

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trn.Ha tan hon ton a gam hp kim cha 4 kim loi l Ag, Cu, Sn v Zn trongdung dch HNO3 long.To kt ta v tch AgCl v dung dch Y. Chuyn AgCl thnh Ag v xc nhkhi lng Ag.

To kt ta dung dch Y, tch ly Cu(OH)2 kt ta. Chuyn Cu(OH)2 thnh CuO.Chuyn CuO thnh Cu v xc nh khi lng Cu trong hp kim.Tnh phn trm khi lng %Ag, %Cu trong a gam hp kim.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

7 Thc hnh t chnv Ho hc Hu

c

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:

Xc nh hm lng axit axetylsalixylic (CH3COOC6H4COOH ) c trong thucaspirin (vin) bng phng php thu phn trong kim v chun ngc vidung dch chun l HCl hay dung dch H2SO4 v cht ch th phenolphtalein.K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trnv tnh c phn trm khi lng axit axetylsalixylic.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

Thigian 90

pht

8 Thc hnh t chnv tng hp huc 2 giai on

Kin thcBit c mc ch, cc bc tin hnh, k thut thc hin ca cc th nghim:Thc hin phn ng tng hp etylbenzoat qua 2 giai on:+ Giai on1: iu ch axit benzoic bng phn ng oxi ho toluen vi KMnO4nng.+ Giai on 2: iu ch etylbenzoat bng phn ng este ho.

Thigian 90

pht

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K nng- S dng dng c v ho cht tin hnh an ton, thnh cng cc th nghim trnv chng minh c sn phm l etylbenzoat.- Quan st hin tng, gii thch v vit cc PTHH.- Vit tng trnh th nghim.

IV. Gii thch v hng dn thc hin

Chng trnh chuyn su mn Ha hc lp 11 c xy dng da trn mt s c s sau y:

- Mc tiu gio dc ca loi hnh THPT chuyn ni chung v chuyn Ha hc ni ring.

- Ni dung dy hc mn Ha hc trng THPT chuyn nm 2001.

- Hng dn ni dung dy hc chuyn su Ha hc lp 10.

- Chng trnh mn Ha hc THPT nng cao.

1. K hoch dy hcNgoi ni dung dy theo chng trnh THPT nng cao, tng thi lng dnh cho ni dung Ha hc chuyn su lp 11

l 53 tit c phn b c th theo ni dung cc ch thuc kin thc c s ha hc chung, ha hcv cv ha hc

hu c.

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2. Ni dung dy hc

Ni dung dy hc chuyn su 11 gip pht trin nng lc nhn thc v t duy khoa hc Ha hc to iu kin cho HS

tip tc i su v pht trin hng th hc tp, nim say m nghin cu ha hc tip tc theo hc chuyn ngnh Ha hc

hoc KHTN c lin quan.

Ni dung dy hc to c s cho HS tham gia cc k thi HSG quc gia, quc t gp phn pht hin v bi dng nhn ti

Ha hc v cc ngnh khoa hc t nhin.

Ni dung dy hc Ha hc 11 chuyn su bao gm cc ni dung c lin quan sau y:

- Ha i cng: Cn bng ion trong dung dch.

- Ha v c : Cc ni dung chuyn su v hp cht ca nit, photpho, cacbon, silic.

- Ha hc hu c: Cc ni dung chuyn su v: i cng ha hc hu c, hirocacbon v dn xut hirocacbon

( dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol, anehit, xeton, axit cacboxylic).

3. Phng php v phng tin dy hc

Phng php dy hc cn pht huy cao tnh tch cc, ch ng c lp, sng to ca HS trong vic t hc, t c ti

liu tham kho, tm tt ni dung v lm cc bi tp ha hc chuyn su.

T chc cc hot ng c nhn v nhm gii quyt mt s vn l thuyt, thc hnh, thc tin c lin quan n ha

hc.S dng cc phng tin dy hc c th ca b mn Ha hc v phng tin dy hc hin i gip HS khm ph vn

dng kin thc mt cch thng minh, sng to.

Ch bi dng phng php thu thp thng tin v x l thng tin mt cch linh hot, sng to.

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4. nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh.

Ch nh gi k nng thc hnh th nghim ha hc c bn v nng cao theo chng trnh chuyn su.

Ch nh gi nng lc khm ph, vn dng kin thc, rn luyn k nng ha hc mt cch c lp, sng to gii

quyt vn c m phng trong bi tp ha hc, mt s vn hc tp ha hc c lin quan n thc tin sn xut

v i sng.

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Ti liu tham kho

1. o Hu Vinh - Nguyn Duy i - Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc 10. Tp 2. NXBGD H ni 2005.

2. Nguyn Duy A- o Hu Vinh. Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc THPT. Bi tp Ha hc i cng v v c.

NXBGD H ni 2003.

3. Trn Quc Sn. Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc 11-12. Tp 1- Ha hc hu c. NXBGD H ni 2008.

4. Nguyn Tinh Dung. Gio trnh Ha hc phn tch 1: Cn bng ion trong dung dch. NXB HSP H ni 2005.

5. Trn Quc Sn, ng Vn Liu. Gio trnh c s Ha hc hu c. Tp 1,2. NXB HSP H ni 2007.

6. Nguyn Hnh - C s l thuyt ha hc. NXB Gio dc H ni 1997.

7. Nguyn Duy i, Nguyn Tinh Dung, Trn Thnh Hu, Trn Quc Sn, Nguyn Vn Tng... Mt s vn chn lc

ca Ha hc. Tp 1,2,3. NXB Gio dc H ni 2005.

8. Hong Nhm- Ha hc v c. Tp 1,2, 3. NXB Gio dc H ni 2005.

9. Trn Quc Sn, Trn Th Tu. Danh php hp cht hu c. NXB Gio dc H ni 2008.

10. L Th Anh o, ng Vn Liu. Thc hnh ha hc hu c. NXB HSP H ni 2007.

11. Trn Quc Sn. Mt s phn ng ca hp cht hu c. NXB Gio dc H ni 2006.

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LP 12

I. Mc ch

- Thng nht trn phm vi ton quc k hoch dy hc v ni dung dy hc mn Ha hc cho hc sinh chuyn

Ha hc cc trng THPT chuyn.- Thng nht trn phm vi ton quc ni dung bi dng hc sinh gii cp THPT mn Ha hc.

II. K hoch dy hc:

Tng s tit: 150% s tit ca chng trnh nng cao, trong 50% l dnh cho ni dung chuyn su. Ty theoiu kin tng trng ca a phng c th b tr thi gian trong hc k 1 v hc k 2 cho ph hp.

Bng 1. KHDH Ha hc 12 nng cao

2,5 tit x 35 tun = 87 tit

STT

Ni dung L thuyt Luyn tp Thc hnh n tp unm, cui

nm, hc k

Kim tra Tng

1 Este - Lipit 4 1 0 5

2 Cacbohirat 6 2 1 9

3 Amin- Amino axit -Protein 7 1 1 9

4 Polime v vt liu Polime 4 1 0 5

5 i cng Kim loi 9 2 2 13

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6 Kim loi Kim - Kimth - Nhm

8 2 2 12

7 Crom, st, ng. 10 2 1 13

8 Phn bit mt s chtv c. Chun dungdch.

5 1 2 8

9 Ho hc v vn kinht x hi mi trng

3 0 0 3

n tp u nm, cui nm,hc k

4

Kim tra 6

Tng 56 12 9 4 6 87Bng 2. KHDH Ho hc 12 chuyn su: 42 tit

STT

Chuyn L thuyt Luyn tp Thc hnh Kim tra Tng

1 Mt s vn v Ha hc hu c11 2 1 1 15

2 i cng v Kim loi 5 1 1

1

7

3 Mt s vn v kim lois, p v kim

loi chuyn tip d.9

2

1

13

4 Mt s vn v Ha hc phn tch 5 1 1 7

Tng 30 6 4 2 42

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III. Ni dung dy hc

3.1 Cu trc ni dung dy hc

+ Ni dung nng cao: c quy nh trong chng trnh nng cao mn Ha hc lp 12, ban hnh km theo Quytnh s 16/2006/Q-BGDT ngy 05 thng 5 nm 2006 ca B trng B Gio dc v o to.

Bng 3. Ni dung chng trnh Ha hc 12 nng cao

S TT Ni dung1 Este Lipit2 Cacbohirat3 Amin- Amino axit Protein4 Polime v vt liu Polime5 i cng Kim loi6 Kim loi Kim - Kim th - Nhm7 Crom, st, ng.8 Phn bit mt s cht v c. Chun dung dch.9 Ho hc v vn kinh t x hi mi trng

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3.2 Ni dung chuyn su

Ni dung chuyn su Ha hc 12 c trnh by theo cc chuyn

Bng 4. Ni dung chuyn su Ha hc 12

S TT Chuyn

1 Mt s vn v Ha hc hu c

2 i cng v Kim loi

3 Mt s vn v Kim lois, p v Kim loi chuyn tip d.

4 Mt s vn v Ha hc phn tch

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CHUYN 1 : MT S VN V HO HC HU C

Tng s tit : 14 tit (11 LTh + 2 LT + 1 TH)

54


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TT Ni dung Mc cn t Ghi ch

1

Dn xut ca axit cacboxylic -Lipit1.1. Cc phn ng thu phn vkh nhm chc ca este v

cc dn xut khc ca axitcacboxylic.1.2.Mt s ng dng ca estetrong tng hp hu c.1.3.Khi nim v cc ch s hohc ca cht bo.

Kin thc: Hiu c khi nim v cc dn xut ca axit cacboxylic, sging nhau v s khc nhau gia chng v phn ng thu phn vv phn ng kh.

Bit c cc phn ng: tng hp malonic, ngng t Claisen,ng vng icman, tng hp ancol bc ba t hp cht c magie. Hiu c khi nim v cc ch s axit, x phng ho, este, iot.K nng: Vit c cng thc cu to v cc phn ng thu phn, kh ccdn xut n chc v a chc ng nht ca axit. Gii c cc bi tp tng hp hu c nhiu giai on, mkhng qu phc tp, c s dng ring r cc phn ng tng hpmalonic, Claisen, icman hoc tng hp c magie.

Gii c cc bi tp lin quan n cc ch s ho hc ca chtbo.

Tu tnga phng,c th b btngng tClaisen v

ng vngicman.2

Cacbohirat2.1.ng phn lp th camonosaccarit.2.2.Mt s phn ng chuynho t monosaccarit ny sangmonosaccarit khc.

Kin thc: Hiu c khi nim ng phn lp th dng mch h v dngmch vng ca monosaccarit. Bit c nguyn tc tng hp tng mchKiliani v tng hpgim mchRuff.

Pentozv hexoz

Tu tnga phng,

c th b btgim mch

Ruff.

K nng:

Tnh c s ng phn lp th ca monosaccarit. Vit c cng thc cu trc ca pentoz v hexoz dng

mch h v dng vng. Gii c bi tp khng phc tp, c s dng phn ngKiliani

v phn ngRuff

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CHUYN II : I CNG V KIM LOI

Tng s tit : 7 (5 LTh + 1 LT + 1 TH)

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1

Sn xut kim loi

1. 1. Trng thi t nhin ca kimloi: Mt s loi qung ph bin

v quan trng nht trong tnhin. Khi nim v qung giu,qung ngho.

1. 2. Mt s vn v sn xutkim loi: X lqung trc khikh, h thng ha cc phng

php kh ion kim loi, tch kimloi sau kh v gia cng kim

loi.

Kin thc:

Tu tng aphng,c th vndng giithch c thdy chuynsn xut kimloi a

phng nuc.

Bit c s tn ti v phn b nguyn liu sn xut kim loitrn th gii (tch hp vi cc kin thc a l).

Hiu c khi nim giu, ngho ca qung.

Hiu c mt s qu trnh lm giu, tuyn qung v tc ngmi trng chng hn ch to boxit v x l bn .

Hiu c iu kin nhit ng hc v ng hc ca iu chv sn xut mt s kim loi quan trng.

K nng:

Vit c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi ch binqung v sn xut kim loi.

Gii c cc bi tp iu ch kim loi qua nhiu bc tch.

Gii c cc bi tp tnh ton lng cht trong cc qu trnhiu ch v sn xut kim loi

2 Ho hc v dng in2. 1. Th in cc: S ph thucca th in cc vo nng Phng trnh Nec (Nernst),

2. 2. Sut in ng: Khi nim

Kin thc:

Tu tng kh

Hiu c mi quan h gia th in cc v nng cc iontrong dung dch, in cc loi 1 v loi 2, in cc chun.

Bit c s ph thuc ca sut in ng pin vo nng ,pin chun dng o sut in ng ca pin.

Hiu c nguyn tc hot ng ca pin in v acquy.57


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CHUYN III : MT S VN V KIM LOIs, p V KIM LOI d

Tng s tit: 12 tit ( 9 LTh + 2 LT + 1TH)

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TT Ni dung Mc cn t Ghi ch1. Kim loi kim, kim th, nhm

v mt s hp cht quan trng

1.1. Tnh cht ca cc n cht

1.2. Tnh cht ca cc hp cht

Kin thc:

Hiu c:

S khc nhau v tnh kh ca cc n cht kim loi kim,kim th v nhm: Phn ng vi mt s oxit kim loi, oxit phikim, mui clorua.

S to thnhcc hp cht ca kim loi kim: Hirua, peoxitv supeoxit, nitrua, photphua, amiua v tnh cht c bn cachng.

- S bin i tnh cht axit-baz ca mt s oxit v hiroxit.

K nng:

So snh v cu to nguyn t, nng lng ion ha, th incc chun, tnh kh ca cc n cht kim loi kim, kim thv nhm. So snh tnh axit-baz ca oxit v hiroxit.

D on v kim chng tnh cht ca hirua, peoxit vsupeoxit, nitrua, photphua, amiua, mt s mui sunfat Vitcc PTHH.

Gii mt s bi tp phc hp c ni dung gn vi thc tin,lin quan n vic vn dng tnh cht ca n cht v hp chtca kim lois, p mt cch linh hot, sng to: Tinh ch kimloi, s dng kim loi, nhn bit kim loi, kh cht thi c ionkim loi chng nhim mi trng...

Ch choHS vn dng

mi lin hgia cu to,tnh cht,

phng phpiu ch vng dngthc tin.

2. Kim loi Pb, Sn v mt s hp Kin thc: Ch yu60


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CHUYN IV : MT S VN V HA HC PHN TCH

Tng s tit: 7 tit (5 LTh + 1 LT + 1 TH)

Ni dung Mc cn t Ghi ch

1.

Phn tch v c

1.1. Tch v nhn bit mt s cation,anion trong hn hp v trong dungdch ring bit.

1.2. Tch v phn bit mt s chtkh.

1.3. Phn tch 1 mui rn nguyncht v nhn bit ha cht mt nhn.

Kin thc:Bit nguyn tc phn loi cc nhm cation theo phng

php axit-baz.Hiu c: Cch tch tng nhm cation t dung dch hn hp theothuc th nhm. Cch tin hnh nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch

ring bit v trong hn hp bng cc phn ng c trng. Cch nhn bit mt s anion (NO3-; CH3COO-, CO32-, SO32-,SO42-, S2-, CN-, Cl-, Br-, I-, AsO43-...) trong dung dch ring

bit cng nh cch tch v nhn bit cc anion trong hnhp Cch tch v phn bit mt s kh (CO2, SO2, Cl2, NO2,H2S, NH3, O2, H2, HCl, CO) bng cc phn ng c trng. Nguyn tc phn tch 1 mui rn nguyn cht v cch nhn

bit ha cht mt nhn.K nng: Lp c s tch v nhn bit cc cht; Chn thuc th thch hp tch v nhn bit cc cht,da vo cc du hiu c trng.

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Vit c cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc minh hacho phn ng nhn bit.

2. Phn tch hu c (nhn bit hpcht hu c)2.1. Nhn bit mt shirocacbonthuc cc loi khc nhau.2.2. Nhn bit mt s dn xut quantrng ca hirocacbon.

Kin thc:Bit c im cu to ca tng loi hirocacbon v nhm

chc phn bit chng.

Hiu c:

S khc nhau v cu to dn n tnh cht ha hc khcnhau ca tng loi nhm chc.

Cch nhn bit c tng loi nhm chc bng cc phnng ha hc c trng.

K nng: Xy dng c quy trnh tch v nhn bit.

T hin tng th nghim, rt ra nhn xt v gii thchhin tng.

Chn thuc th thch hp nhn bit cc loi nhm chc,da vo cc du hiu c trng.

Phn bit v nhn bit c cc loi nhm chc bngphn ng ha hc.

THC HNH HA HC

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1

Tnh cht ca mt s cht huc.1.1.S thu phn ca cht bo hoctinh bt hoc xenluloz bng kim

hay axit.1.2. Xc nh ch s axit ca chtbo; phn ng ca glucoz vithuc th Tolen, Felinh v nc

brom.1.3. Mt s phn ng mu ca

amino axit v protein.

Kin thc: Hiu c mi quan h gia cu to phn t, tnh tanv cc hin tng bin i khi xy ra phn ng ha hc. Hiu c kh nng phn ng ca cht bo hoc tinh

bt hoc xenluloz vi kim hay axit. Bit cc phn ng l c s cho vic xc nh ch s axitca cht bo; phn ng ca glucoz vi thuc th Tolen,thuc th Felinh v nc brom. Hiu c hin tng khi xy ra phn ng biure,ninhirin, xantoproteinic.K nng: Quan st hin tng xy ra khi tin hnh th nghim. Gii thch, vit c cc PTHH v rt ra nhn xt. Vit

tng trnh th nghim. S dng c cc dng c th nghim nh ng nhgit, un ng nghim c ha cht chy c. S dng cc dung dch kim, axit, nc brom an ton.

1 tit

C th chchn mt sni dung ktrn cho phhp iu kintng trng.

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2 Tnh cht ca mt s kim loi v hp kim Kin thc:

Hiu c cc phn ng ha hc lm cs phn bit :

+ niken v tn trng thic (thp trng),

+ km v tn trng km,+ nhm v km bng dung dch kim,

NH3.

1 tit

Ty theo iu kinc th ca trngm la chn ccth nghim phhp.

2.1. Phn bit niken, tn trng thic (thp trng),km v tn trng km,

2.2. Phn bit hp kim ca ng, ca vng - bc -ng.

Nu cch phn bit c ng thau ving .

2.3. Phn ng ca cc kim loi: niken, thic, km,nhm

Nu cch phn bit c vng, bc vhp kim vng - bc - ng bng mu sc

v bng phn ng ho hc.2.4. Phn ng ca cc hp kim ng, vng -

bc- ng vi cc dung dch axit, kim.

K nng:

Rn k nng quan st mu sc ca kim64


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IV. Gii thch v hng dn thc hin

Chng trnh chuyn su mn Ha hc lp 12 c xy dng da trn cc c s sau y:

- Mc tiu gio dc ca loi hnh THPT chuyn ni chung v chuyn Ha hc ni ring.- Ni dung dy hc mn Ha hc trng THPT chuyn nm 2001.

- Hng dn ni dung dy hc chuyn su Ha hc lp 10, 11.

- Chng trnh mn Ha hc THPT nng cao lp 12.

1. K hoch dy hc

- Ngoi ni dung dy hc theo chng trnh THPT nng cao, tng thi lng dnh cho ni dung ha hc chuyn su lp12 l 42 tit c phn b c th theo ni dung cc chuyn thuc Ha hc hu c, Ha hc i cng - v c, Ha

hc phn tch v Thc hnh ha hc.- Ty iu kin c th tng trng v trnh hc sinh c th thay i th t cng nh kt hp ni dung nng cao vini dung chuyn su cho ph hp.

2. Ni dung dy hcBng 4. Ni dung chng trnh chuyn su Ha hc 12

Ni dung chuyn Ha hc 12 Ghi ch

Ni dung nng cao Ni dung chuyn su Chuyn chuyn su

Este - Lipit Dn xut ca axit cacboxylic Lipit Chuyn 1.Mt s vn v Ha hu cCacbohirat Cacbohirat

Amin - Amino axit - Protein Amin, mui arendiazoni, d vng cha nit.Amino axit, peptit

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Polime v vt liu Polime i cng v polime

i cng Kim loi Sn xut kim loi.Ho hc v dng in.Mt s vn v cc hp cht phc

Chuyn 2. i cng kimloi.

Kim loi Kim - Kim th -

Nhm

Kim loi kim, kim th, nhm v mt s hp cht

quan trng

Chuyn 3.

Mt svn v kim loi s,pv kim loi chuyn tip dCrom, st, ng.

S lc v mt s kim loiquan trng

Kim loi Pb, Sn v mt s hp cht quan trng.Mt s kim loi chuyn tip

Phn bit mt s chtv c. Chun dung dch.

Phn tch v cPhn tch hu c

Chuyn 4.Mt s vn v phn tch hahcHo hc v vn

KTXH&MT

Thc hnh Thc hnh

Ni dung dy hc chuyn su Ha hc 12 gip pht trin nng lc nhn thc v t duy khoa hc to iu kin choHS th hin nng lc v Ha hc v pht trin hng th hc tp, nim say m nghin cu ha hc, tip tc theo hcchuyn ngnh Ha hc v Khoa hc khc c lin quan.

Ni dung dy hc to c s cho HS tham gia cc k thi HSG quc gia, quc t , pht hin v bi dng nhn ti.Ni dung dy hc Ha hc 12 chuyn su gm mt s ni dung nng cao, m rng v Ha hc hu c, Ha hc icng - v c v Ha hc phn tch so vi chng trnh THPT nng cao.

Ngoi ni dung thc hnh bt buc cn c ni dung thc hnh t chn dnh cho cc trng cc a phngc iu kin c th thc hin thm gip nng cao k nng thc hnh cho HS chuyn Ha hc.

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3. Phng php v phng tin dy hc

C th lng ghp ni dung chuyn su vo ni dung tng ng ca cc ch THPT nng cao hoc tch thnhchuyn ring sao cho ph hp vi trnh nng lc ca GV v HS mi a phng.

Phng php dy hc cn pht huy cao tnh tch cc, ch ng c lp, sng to ca HS trong vic t hc,

t c ti liu tham kho, tin hnh th nghim, tm tt ni dung v gii cc bi tp ha hc chuyn su.

T chc cc hot ng c nhn v nhm gii quyt mt s vn l thuyt, thc hnh, thc tin c lin quann ha hc.

Ch bi dng phng php thu thp thng tin v x l thng tin mt cch linh hot, sng to.

Ngoi danh mc thit b dy hc ti thiu Ha hc 12 c B GD - T ph duyt, khuyn khch s dng ccphng tin dy hc c th ca b mn Ha hc v phng tin dy hc hin i gip HS khm ph vn dng kin

thc mt cch thng minh, sng to.4. nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh.

Ch nh gi nng lc khm ph, vn dng kin thc, nng lc lm vic c lp, sng to gii quyt

vn c m phng trong bi tp ha hc, mt s vn ha hc c lin quan n thc tin sn xut v i sng.

Ch hn vic nh gi k nng thc hnh th nghim ha hc c bn v nng cao theo chng trnh chuyn su.

Ni dung thi chn HS gii quc gia mn Ha hc cn m bo mc , phm vi ni dung khng vt qu chng

trnh chuyn su lp 10,11,12. Ni dung bi dng i tuyn Ha hc thi Olympic quc t cn tham kho thm nidung chng trnh thi Olympic quc t ni chung v tng nm ni ring.

Coi trng hnh thc nh gi qua bi kim tra t lun ca HS.

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V. Ti liu tham kho1. Trn Quc Sn. Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc 11-12. Tp mt - Ha hc hu c. NXB Gio dc H ni 2009.2. o Hu Vinh - Nguyn Duy i - Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc 11-12. Tp 2. NXB Gio dc H ni 2005.3. Nguyn Duy A- o Hu Vinh. Ti liu gio khoa chuyn Ha hc THPT. Bi tp Ha hc i cng v v c.

NXB Gio dc H ni 2009.4. Nguyn Tinh Dung. Ha hc phn tch phn II: Phn ng ion trong dung dch nc. NXB HSP H ni 2008.5. L Th Anh o, ng Vn Liu. Thc hnh ha hc hu c. NXB HSP H ni 2007.6. Nguyn Th Thu Nga. Gio trnh Ha hc phn tch. Hng dn thc hnh. NXB HSP H Ni 2007.7. Nguyn Duy i, Nguyn Tinh Dung, Trn Thnh Hu, Trn Quc Sn, Nguyn Vn Tng... Mt s vn chn lc

ca Ha hc. Tp 1, 2, 3. NXB Gio dc H Ni 2005.8. Trn Quc Sn, ng Vn Liu, Nguyn Vn Tng. Gio trnh c s Ha hc hu c. Tp 3. NXB HSP H Ni 2007.9. Hong Nhm. Ha hc v c. Tp 2, 3. NXB Gio dc H ni 2005.10. Trn Quc Sn, Trn Th Tu. Danh php hp cht hu c. NXB Gio dc H Ni 2008.11. Trn Quc Sn. Mt s phn ng ca hp cht hu c. NXB Gio dc H ni 2009.12. Nguyn c Vn. Ha hc v c Tp 2. Cc kim loi in hnh. NXB KHKT H Ni 2008.

13. Trn Th , ng Trn Phch. C s l thuyt cc phn ng ha hc, NXBGD H Ni 2004.14. Nguyn Duy i. Mt s phn ng trong ha hc v c, NXB Gio dc H Ni 2005.

Chuyen Sau Hoa Hoc

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