chương 1,2,3,4

n tt nghip 64 GVHD: Th.S. Trn Th Truyn

LI M U

Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, cc loi thc phm ch bin c b vo hp vi thi hn s dng di bt u xut hin. Vo cui th k 19, u th k 20, ngnh cng nghip hp pht trin mnh trn th gii v hin nay c trn 1000 mt hng hp khc nhau m ni ting l cc sn phm ca cc nc M, H Lan, Italia, Php, Nht, v.v. Vit Nam, t nm 1954, Lin X gip xy dng mt s c s ch bin hp min Bc ti H Ni, Hi Phng, v.v. min Nam, mi n nm 1970 mi bt u xut hin mt s nh my hp. n sau nm 1975, ngnh cng nghip hp min Nam mi c ch trng v pht trin, sn xut ra nhiu mt hng thc phm c gi tr. Cho n nay, nc ta a vo sn xut hng trm mt hng c hiu qu kinh t v t cht lng cao. Ngnh cng nghip hp thc phm pht trin mnh v c ngha to ln, gip ci thin c i sng nhn dn; gim nh vic nu nng hng ngy; cung cp thc phm cho cc on du lch, thm him; cung cp cho quc phng; tng ngun hng xut khu v trao i hng ha vi nc ngoi. Hin nay nh cc ngnh c kh, in lc, cht do pht trin mnh lm cho cng nghip hp c c gii ha, t ng ha nhiu dy chuyn sn xut. Do tp qun v thi quen n ung ca nhn dn ta t xa n nay vi mn n chnh l cm dng km vi cc mn n mn, do cc sn phm hp t c thng chim s lng ln trong nhm hp v c ngi tiu dng a chung. Ngoi ra, ci thin th cht th hnh ca ngi Vit Nam, vic s dng cc loi thc phm giu protein v lipid hin nay rt c quan tm. Vic thit k nh my sn xut hp c l rt quan trng trong tnh hnh hin nay. Chnh v nhng l do , em c giao ti: Thit k nh my ch bin thy sn gm 2 mt hng: Mt hng: c ng hp st c chua nng sut: 7 tn nguyn liu/caMt hng: c hng hp ngm du nng sut: 115 vsp/ngy

CHNG 1LP LUN KINH T K THUT

Trc khi bt tay vo thit k mt nh my thc phm, u tin phi kho st ton din cc vn lin quan n nh my nh: v tr a l, c im thin nhin, vng nguyn liu, nhn cng, hp tc ha, ngun cung cp in, nc, hi, v.v. Nng c iu kin t nhin thun li, ngun nguyn liu phong ph, ngun lao ng ng v r rt thch hp xy dng mt nh my ch bin thy sn.1.1. V tr t nh my Nngl mtthnh phthuc vngNam Trung B, pha bc gip tnh Tha Thin Hu, pha nam v ty gip tnh Qung Nam, pha ng gip bin ng. y l trung tm kinh t, vn ho, gio dc, khoa hc v cng ngh ln ca khu vcmin Trung-Ty Nguyn. Nng c b bin di 92 km, c vng lnh hi ln vi ng trng rng trn 15.000 km2. Bin Nng c nhiu ng vt bin phong ph vi trn 266 ging loi, trong hi sn c gi tr kinh t cao gm 16 loi v tng tr lng khong trn 1 triu tn hi sn cc loi (theo d bo ca B Thy sn). Hng nm, Nng c kh nng khai thc trn 150.000 200.000 tn hi sn cc loi.

Hnh 1.1 Bn khu cng nghip dch v thy sn NngKhu Cng nghip Dch v Thu sn Nng c tng din tch l 77,3 ha; nm ti qun Sn Tr, thnh ph Nng; khu cng nghip c v tr trung tm, bao quanh l cc khu vc cng bin, sn bay, xe la, v.v. rt thun tin cho vic lu thng hng ha. H tng ni b kh tt, bao quanh nhiu cy xanh, cc dch v ph tr, h thng x l nc thi c xy dng v vn hnh. Cch trung tm thnh ph Nng 3,5 km; cch cng bin Tin Sa 2,5 km; cch cng bin Lin Chiu 18,5 km; gn ng quc l thun li giao thng; khu t xy dng c din tch rng; tng i bng phng cao ro; c kh nng m rng thun li; ngun cung cp nng lng hi, in, nc trong mng li ca khu cng nghip.

1.2. c im thin nhin a hnh thnh ph Nng va cng bng duyn hi, va cini. Vng ni cao v dc tp trung pha ty v ty bc, t y c nhiu dy ni chy di ra bin, mt s i thp xen k vng ng bng ven bin hp. Nng nm trong vng kh hunhit i gi main hnh, nhit cao v t bin ng. Kh hu Nng l ni chuyn tip an xen gia kh hucn nhit i min Bc vnhit i xavanmin Nam, vi tnh tri l kh hu nhit i pha nam. Mi nm c 2 ma r rt:ma mako di t thng 8 n thng 12 vma kht thng 1 n thng 7, thnh thong c nhng t rtma ngnhng khng m v khng ko di. Hng gi ch o l hng ng - Nam, vic xy dng nh my phi ph hp vi hng gi, b phn bi khi, l hi, nh v sinh cn b tr theo hng gi chnh. Nhit trung bnh hng nm khong 25,9C. m khng kh trung bnh l 83,4 %. Lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 2.504,57mm. S gi nng bnh qun trong nm l 2.156,2 gi. 1.3. Vng nguyn liu Ngun nguyn liu cung cp cho nh my ch yu l c khai thc, nh bt Nng v cc tnh ln cn nh Tha Thin Hu, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, v.v. Cc loi nguyn liu khc nh:- C chua c thu mua Lt, Lm ng c bo qun k trnh dp nt, vn chuyn bng container vo nh my ri c cng nhn bc cc st ngc chua a vo khu vc sn xut - Du nnh mua t cng ty du Tng An, xe container ch cc thngdu vo nh my v kho nguyn vt liu - Cc nguyn liu ph khc nh gia v, hng liu, v.v. c thu mua ti thnh ph ri bo qun ti kho nguyn vt liu.1.4. Hp tc ha Nh my ng trong khu cng nghip thy sn Nng nn kh nng hp tc ha rt cao. Sn phm ca nh my c th cung cp cho xut khu v nhu cu tiu dng ca ngi dn trong vng cng nh dn ngoi thnh. Trong khu cng nhip cn c cc cng ty thy sn khc nn nh my tip nhn nguyn liu thun li, vic thu mua d dng hn. S hp tc gip qu trnh tiu th sn phm nhanh chng thun tin, tit kim ph vn chuyn, nng cao hiu qu kinh t. Ngoi ra s hp tc cng gip tng cng s dng cc c s h tng, cc cng trnh in nc. 1.5. Ngun cung cp in Nh my s dng ngun in ly t li in quc gia thng qua trm bin p ring. Ngoi ra nh my cn trang b thm mt my pht in d phng m bo qu trnh sn xut lin tc khi c s c v in.1.6. Ngun cung cp hi nc Ngun hi cung cp c ly t l hi ca nh my cung cp nhit cho cc qu trnh: hp, thanh trng, lm nng nc cho sinh hot, v.v. do nh my cn thit k l hi vi p lc cao 3 at v cng sut ln m bo cung cp hi lin tc cho nh my.Nc dng trong nh my vi mc ch ch bin, v sinh thit b v dng cho sinh hot. Nc s dng phi t cc ch tiu: ch s coli; cng; nhit ; hn hp v c, hu c trong nc.Ngun cung cp nc cho nh my ly t hai ni:- Ngun nc ca thnh ph, h thng nc ca khu cng nghip: nc ny c th dng ngay khng cn x l. - Ngun nc t cc ging cng nghip phng khi b thiu nc, c a qua h thng x l v c i nc a vo phn xng.1.7. Thot ncNh my c h thng x l nc thi ring. Nc thi ca nh my c quakhu x l s b ca nh my sau c a ra ngoi x l chung vi nc thi ca cc nh my khc trong khu cng nghip. Nu nc thi t bn v c php c th thi trc tip ra sng, bin sau khi qua h thng x l nc thi ring ca nh my. Bm nc thi sau khi v c ha. 1.8. Giao thng vn tiNh my thit k nm gn trc giao thng chnh m bo c giao thng ng b v ng thu, c bit gn cng Tin Sa thun tin cho vic vn chuyn nguyn nhin liu vo nh my v vn chuyn sn phm xut khu ra nc ngoi. V vy vn giao thng khng ch m bo xy dng nh my nhanh m cn l s tn ti v pht trin nh my trong tng lai. T cc vn trn cho thy giao thng thun li l iu kin quan trng xy dng v pht trin nh my.1.9. Cung cp nhn cng Lc lng lao ng ca Nng chim gn 50 % dn s thnh ph. Theo s liu thng k ca trung tm xc tin u t thnh ph, nm 2011 lao ng c trnh i hc, cao ng chim 18 % lc lng lao ng thnh ph, cng nhn k thut chim 9 %, trung cp chim 5 % v 68 % lc lng lao ng khc. Nng tp trung mt lng ln lao ng trong a phng cng nh t cc ni ln cn n. 1.10. Kt lun Vi nhng iu kin thun li trn, vic xy dng nh my ch bin thy sn khu cng nghip dch v thy sn Nng l ph hp, c tnh thuyt phc cao, gp phn thc y s pht trin nn kinh t Nng ni ring v khu min Trung Ty Nguyn ni chung.

CHNG 2TNG QUAN

2.1. c im nguyn liu2.1.1. C nguyn liu C l nguyn liu chnh ca nh my sn xut hp thy sn, c ti c thu mua t cc tu thuyn nh bt xa b trn bin hay cc cng ty c loi c ng, c hng c x l ri bo qun lnh ng t tiu chun sn xut.C chia thnh phn n c (tht, u, ni tng) v phn khng n c (xng, vy, vy). Phn n c quyt nh hiu sut s dng c nguyn liu. C cu thnh phn ca 2 loi c nguyn liu c miu t trong bng 2.1.2.1.1.1. C ng (thunnus thynnus) C ng l tn chung ch cc h c c tn khoa hc Teleostei, Percida, Scombina, Scombridae, v.v. phn b ch yu vng bin khi.Cc dng sn phm c ch bin t c ng nh: c ng ct khc sy kh, c ng ngm du, c ng ng hp st c chua, c ng ng lnh, v.v.C ng b (thunnus tonggol):

Hnh 2.1 C ng b

- c im hnh dng: c kch thc nh, c hai vy lng. Vy lng th hai cao hn vy lng th tht. Vy lng gm cc gai cng v cc tia vy mm. C th thun dp bn, mu trng xm. Vy ngc v vy ui mu hi en. nh vy lng th hai v vy hu mn c mu hi vng. Vy ngc kh di, t l (%) chiu di vy ngc i vi chiu di thn l 22,47 %. Chiu di thn gp 3,86 ln chiu cao thn.- Vng phn b: c ng b phn b vnh Bc B, min Trung v Ty Nam B. Chng thuc nhm c ni gn b, t phn b nhng vng nc c, mn haygim nh vng ca sng. - Cc dng sn phm: c ng b trong du nnh, c ng b trong nc mui, c ng b st c chua, st c ry, v.v.C ng mt to (Bigeye Tuna):

Hnh 2.2 - C ng mt to - c im hnh dng: l loi c kch thc ln 250 cm, trng lng ti a trn 150 kg, 2 bn sn dt, bng c mu hi trng. c cn sng dc theo sn c c mt di mu xanh ng nh, vy lng th nht c mu vng thm, cc vy lng th hai v vy hu mn mu vng nht, cc vy con c mu vng sng, mp vy c mu en. C c mt to, vy ngc di, c thm 13, 14 lng gai.- Vng phn b: sng nhit nc 13 - 29 oC. N thng tp trung vng bin i Ty Dng, Thi Bnh Dng, n Dng.- Cc dng sn phm: tht c c gi tr nn lm sushi, sashimi, c ng hp, hoc cng c bn dng ti. C ng vy vng (Yellowfin Tuna):

Hnh 2.3 - C ng vy vng

- c im hnh dng: thn mp trn, vy lng th 2 v vy hu mn di n gn chp ui mu vng. Trn sng lng t vy th 2 n ui v di bng t vy hu mn n ui c nhiu gai nh mu vng sng. Da trn mng khng vy c mu xanh m trn phn lng v chuyn dn sang mu vng hai bn ln v mu bc di bng c. nhng c th ln c th thy khong 20 ng vch mu trng chy t lng xung bng nh chia c thnh tng lt ct.- Vng phn b: c ng vy vng phn b rng khp ni trn cc vng nc m thuc vng bin nhit i v cn nhit i ca cc i dng. Ngi ta thng thy n vng bin ngoi khi Thi Bnh Dng gn qun o Hawaii, n pha bc nc c, qun o Maldive, n Dng, vng bin Caribe, v.v. Vit Nam, c ng vy vng tp trung ngoi khi, cch b trn 100 hi l, khu vc vng bin qun o Hong Sa, Trng Sa, ko di xung di pha nam gn Malaysia, Indonesia.- Cc dng sn phm: sn phm c ng vy vng c ng hp hoc cp ng, cng c th ti, hun khi hoc lm sashimi.2.1.1.2. C hng (Lutianus) C hngl loic xngsng binthuch c hng(Lutianidae) phn b vng binn v pha TyThi Bnh Dng. y l loi c c gi tr kinh t, Vit Nam, loi c ny chim 10 12 % sn lng c y vnh Bc B. C hng c thnbu dcdi dt, thn c c muhng, vin lng cong u, vin bng tng i thng.uc lm, mm di v nhn.Vy lng di, c gai cng kho, vyhu mnv vy ngc ln. Tht c hng ngon, dng n ti hay ng hp. C hng miu (Datnioides polota):

Hnh 2.4 - C hng miu- c im hnh thi: c hng miu c hnh dng thn hnh dp ngang, hi cao v c mu nu nht trn lng, bng c mu trng. N c khon t 8 n 10 sc ng trn thn. C c mm nhn, ming xin, hm di hi nh ra, hai rng ca rt di, nhn v st; mt to, trn v p.M v np mang u c ph vy, vy ca c trn thn nh v cu to theo kiu vy lc. ng bn lin tc, phn trc cong ln v phn ui thng, gc vy lng v vyhu mnc vy bao, vy ui trn. C mt m en trn trn np mang. Vy bng mu en.- Vng phn b: c hng miu thng ch yu sng Qung Bnh(tp trung tisng Gianh), c dn a phng cn gi chng l c hng mo (hng miu) v bn thn chng c rng ca di, nhn v sc bn nh rng ca conmo.C hng lang (Lutjanus sebae Emperor Red snapper)

Hnh 2.5 - C hng lang

- c im hnh thi: thn hnh bn nguyt, lng g cao. u ln dp mt bn. Ming rng, chch hai hm di bng nhau, ca hm trn c 2 rng nanh. Mang c lc ngn, th v cng. Thn ph vy lc mng. Vy lng di v lin tc; vy ngc di v rng, u mt ca vy di vi qua im khi u ca vy hu mn. Vy ui rng, mp sau lm su. C c thn mu hng, bn thn c 3 vn mu sm. Vn gia bng mu en nu. Cc vy lng, vy hu mn v vy ui c phn na bn ngoi u en nu.- Vng phn b: c hng lang phn b trn khp vng bin ca nc ta, chng sng su t 10 120 m nc, nhit 16 33 oC, sinh trng tt trong iu kin nhit 20 33 oC, tt nht 27 30 oC. C phn b kh rng trong vng bin n - Thi Bnh Dng, xung n Bc c v t kinh Suez i vo a Trung Hi.

Hnh 2.6 - C hng C hng (Lutjanus sanguineus):- c im hnh thi: c c thn hnh bu dc, di, dp mt bn; kch thc t 0,3 0,5 m. Thn mu ti, bng hng nht. Thn ph vy lc cng c m v np mang. Vy lng di c gai cng nh. Vy ngc ln, mt cui vt qu vy hu mn. Vy ui rng, mp sau lm. Ra sau vy ui en xm.- Vng phn b: c phn b t bin , n Dng, Thi Bnh Dng, Nht, Vit Nam. C hin c nui ti cc quc gia ng Nam , Trung Hoa v c, k c Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, cn c cc loi c hng khc: nh c hng bc (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) c hng sc m (Lutjanus lineolatus), c hng vy ngang (Ludjanus johni), c hng mala (Ludjanus malabaricus), v.v.2.1.1.3. Thnh phn khi lng v thnh phn ha hc ca tht c a) Thnh phn khi lngL t l phn trm v khi lng ca cc phn trong c th so vi ton c th nguyn liu. Tn cThtuXngVy, vyNi tng

Ng59,019,27,760,8111,4

Hng49,729,212,65,33,67

Bng 2.1- C cu thnh phn ca mt s loi c (t l % ton thn)

b) Thnh phn ha hc Tht c l mt h keo c c to nn t cc mng ngn, cc si c v ni mc. Cc mng ngn cu to ch yu l colagen v elastin. Thnh phn ha hc trong 100 gam phn n c ca 2 loi nguyn liu c th hin bng 2.2 [1]

Bng 2.2 Thnh phn ha hc ca c ng v c hng trong 100 g phn n cThnh phn ha hcNng lngNcProteinLipidTroCaPFeVitamin

AB1B2PP

C ng10774,423,61,42,36547111400,020,2116

C hng100-181,34-321980,1810646--

n vKcalggggmgmgmggggg

2.1.1.4. Mt s yu cu i vi nguyn liuThn c chc, cn nguyn vn, khng b xy xt, khng b tn thng, mt ngoi da c mu sng xanh t nhin, khng c vt mu ng, khng b bm dp. Mt c li, trong sut, gic mc trong, n hi (cho php mt c hi c i vi c qua p hoc bo qun trong hm lnh). Mang c mu ti, dn cht xung hoa kh, khng c nht, khng c mi hi. Vy c ti ng nh, dnh cht vo thn, khng c mi hi. Tht chc n hi khng c du hiu ca s phn hy. Bng v hu mn bnh thng, khng b trng phnh.Phng php nh gi cht lng:C hng: cm quan l phng php ph bin nht c dng trong nh gi cht lng.C ng:- V nhit : nhit tm c (0 4 oC) vi c ti v < - 10 oC i vi c kho lnh ng. Kim tra nhit bng nhit k.- Cm quan: thng qua cm quan bn ngoi ca c (vy, mang, mt, da, bung, v.v.) phn loi c.- Hm lng Histamine < 50 ppm (theo quy nh ca B Y T).

Hnh 2.7 - C chua2.1.2. C chua (Solanum lycopersicum)C chua l mt qu n i, c a vo trng Vit Nam t lu. nc ta, c chua c thu hoch v chnh vo thng 12 n thng 2. C chua c nhiu ging, ging c cht lng tt biu hin qu to va phi, thnh qu dy, ht t, hm lng cht kh 6 8 %.C chua l loi qu c tm quan trng c bit v mt dinh dng v y t. N cung cp nhiu thnh phn nh cht khong, ng, vitamin, v.v.Thnh phn ha hc trong 100 g c chua c th hin bng 2.3 [2]

Bng 2.3 Thnh phn ha hc trong 100 g c chua (g/100g) Thnh phnNcGluxitProtitXenlulozaTroCaPVitamin C

Hm lng944,20,60,80,40,0120,0260,013

C chua dng n dng ti, mui chua hay dm dm, v l nguyn liu cho cng nghip hp. C chua to cho sn phm c hp mu sc, mi, v c trng v lm tng gi tr dinh dng ca hp.2.1.2.1. Cc yu cu v c chua khi ch bin pure chn: mu l mu c trng cho chn ca c chua, ging c chua c nh gi l tt khi chn t trong ra ngoi, t phn tht n v, khi m bo tch ly ti a ng, vitamin v cc cht khc.Hm lng cht kh: hm lng cht kh cao hay thp ph thuc vo ging, thi k pht trin, k thut chm bn c chua, kh cng cao chng t cht lng cng tt.2.1.2.2. Phng php bo qunKhi bo qun c chua trong iu kin khng thun li s dn n mt mt do thi ra bi hot ng ca vi sinh vt, nht l cc loi nm.Thng thng c chua c bo qun giai on cha chn, khi qu cn xanh, ch mi c chm hng y qu. Sau khi thu hi, c chua c la chn theo kch thc, chn, loi b qu dp nt, thi hng. Trng hp bn cn phi ra bng nc sch ri ro.Ch bo qun c chua xanh: nhit : 8 10 oC, m: 80 85 %, thi gin bo qun c th n 45 ngy. Khng bo qun c chua nhit di 5 oC v s ri lon sinh l dn ti khng chn hoc chn khng c trng, qu d mm, mt kh nng khng bnh.i vi c chua chn na qu tr ln th cn bo qun m khong 90 %.2.1.3. Du nnh2.1.3.1. Gi tr dinh dng ca du nnhDu nnh gip tng s hp thu v s dng cc loi vitamin tan trong cht bo (vitamin A, D, E, K). Trong du m cn c cc axt bo thit yu (cn gi l vitamin F) thuc nhm Omega - 3 v Omega - 6, c tc dng chng cc bnh l tim mch, nui dng da, tc; du nnh cn cha ngun cht bo c nhiu axt bo thit yu v c bit l khng cha Cholesterol. 2.1.3.2 Vai tr ca du nnh trong hp Du rt lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Trong du nnh c cha mt lng nh phosphatid, c bit nhiu lecithin c tc dng lm c th tr lu, sung sc, tng tr nh, ti sinh m, cng xng, tng sc khng.2.1.3.3. Cc yu cu ca duDu dng phi trong sut, khng c tp cht hay kt ta ln vn, mu nht v phn quang, khi lc khng sinh bt, n vo ming khng dnh, c mi thm, khng c v chua v ng, hm lng axit bo t do thp.2.1.4. Bao b hpBao b ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut, phn phi v tip th sn phm ra th trng. Ngy nay, trong cng nghip ch bin hp s dng nhiu loi bao b nh: bao b thy tinh, bao b giy, bao b bng vt liu polime, bao b st ty, v.v. Bao b st ty c s dng ph bin nht trong cng nghip hp thy sn v nhng u im sau:- Lp trng thic ca st ty c th trnh c s n mn ca thc phm v bo qun thc phm c lu ngy.- Trong thi gian thc phm ng trong hp lu, c th lp thic b thc phm n mn ha tan trong hp nhng khng gy hi ti sc khe ngi.- Tnh ng kn v cch ly tt hn so vi cc loi bao b khc nh tnh cht chng thm kh v hi m rt tt, ngn cch c nh sng, c kh nng chu c s thay i ln ca nhit v p sut.- Chu c qu trnh tit trng m khng bin dng, tin li cho vic vn chuyn v bo qun thc phm c lu hn.- C mu sng bng, c th in v trng vc ni hoc in cc mu sc hp dn nng cao gi tr hng ha ca sn phm.- D dng c gii ha t ng ha trong qu trnh sn xut.2.1.5. Cc nguyn liu ph2.1.5.1. Nca) Vai tr ca nc Cung cp cho cc qu trnh ch bin nh hp c, ra c, ra c chua, v.v.Cung cp cho sinh hot.b) Nhng ch tiu v ncPhi t tiu chun nc ung: khng cha mm bnh, cc cht c, khng mu, khng mi, khng v l. cng: 5 - 6 mg/lMui carbonate: < 50 mg/lMui Mg: < 100 mg/lMui CaSO4: 130 200 mg/lFe2+: < 0,3 mg/lKh NH3, NO2-, NO3- : khng c c Tng vi sinh vt: < 100 t bo/mlpH: thng c quy nh nm trong khong 6,5 - 8,5. Tuy nhin, nu kim tng thp hn 50 ppm (tnh theo CaCO3) th c th s dng nc c pH trong khong 4 - 9.2.1.5.2. Cc gia v v hng liu khcng: cho vo to v, tng cht dinh dng nn ch dng lng nh. y s dng ng saccaroza. Yu cu ng hi tinh khit, trng, lng saccarozatrn 99 %, nc khng qu 0,2 %, lng ng kh di 0,1 %.M chnh: hay cn gi l bt ngt c tinh th mu trng, v hi ngt, ha tan nhiu trong nc, m chnh lm cho hp c c v du.Mui n: to v mn, mui dng sn xut phi tinh khit, c hm lng NaCl trn 95 %, m di 0,5 %, khng c tp cht, v.v. Ngoi ra, mui cn c tc dng bo qun c, c ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt.Tiu: s dng tiu xay nhuyn.Hnh c: chn cc c kh, gi, khng b p, thi hay mc. Trc khi s dng phi bc ht v bc v ct ht cung r.Mui: to v mn, mui dng sn xut phi tinh khit, tinh th mu trng u, sch, khng c tp cht, c hm lng NaCl trn 95 %, m di 0,5 %. Khi ha tan nhn dc dung dch trong sut v ng nht. Ngoi ra, mui cn c tc dng bo qun c, c ch hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt.2.2. Tng quan v sn phm2.2.1. Gii thiu v sn phmC ng hp st c chua t lu tr thnh mt mn n c ng o ngi tiu dng a chung v chng va ngon, r v nht l c gi tr dinh dng cao. C ng hp st c chua c lm t nguyn liu chnh l c, c chua cng vi mt s nguyn liu ph khc nh: ng, mui, tiu, v.v. y l mt hng ch lc ca nhiu cng ty sn xut hp, mang li gi tr kinh t cao cho doanh nghip v l ngun hng xut khu quan trng ca nc ta.C hng hp ngm du: tht c hng ngon, giu cht dinh dng nn c dng lm nguyn liu chinh ch bin nhiu sn phm hp, mt trong s l sn phm hp c hng hp ngm du. Thnh phn chnh ca sn phm ny gm c hng, du nnh, v mt s nguyn liu ph khc nh ng, mui, hnh, tiu, v.v. hp c hng hp ngm du cung cp nhiu nng lng, protein, v.v.2.2.2. Tiu chun thnh phm hp thy sn 2.2.2.1. Ch tiu cm quanMi v: gi c mi v ca nguyn liu c trc, gi c mi v c trng ca sn phmMu sc: phi ng nht, gi c mu sc ca nguyn liuNc st: trn b mt c mt lp du mng, cho php nc st khng c trong v c nhiu vn bTrng thi: cc khc v ming c phi ng u, xp hp cht ch, khc ui v nh khng c qu nhiu, da khng b lc ri cht ch: t chc c tht cht ch, c nhiu nc, nu ly khc c ra khng v vnTp cht: trong hp khng c u, vy, vy, ni tng, mu v nhng tp cht khcBao b: hp cn nguyn vn, khng b mp mo, pha trong vch hp khng b n mn bin cht. Trong v ngoi hp khng c vt g, mp hp trn nhn, u n.2.2.2.2. Ch tiu vt l chn khng: khng c thp di 270 mmHg, nu ghp m bng myghp m chn khng th c chn khng l 250 mmHg.Thc phm trong hp: ph hp vi quy nh.2.2.2.3. Ch tiu ha hcKim loi nng: trong mt kg thc phm c: Sn < 200 mg, Cu < 10 mg, Pb < 3 mg. Tt nht khng c Pb.Cht phng thi: khng c cht phng thi no.2.2.2.4. Ch tiu vi sinh vt Khng c vi trng gy bnh v vi sinh vt hot ng gy thi ra.2.2.3. Mt s ch tiu cht lng thnh phm phmCh tiu cht lng thnh phm th hin bng 2.4.

Bng 2.4 - Bng ch tiu cht lngCh tiuC ng hp st c chuaC hng hp ngm du

Mi vMi thm ca tht c ng, nc st c chua v mi thm ca cc loi gia v.Mi thm c trng ca c hng ngm du.

Hnh dngKhc c ng u, cc mt ct bng phng, tht c chc, ming c nguyn vn.Ming c nguyn vn, ng u.

Mu scC c mu trng hng, mu sc nc st c chua t n vng da cam.Tht c c mu c trng, du c mu vng.

Cch xp hpCn bng phng, p, cc khc c xp song song nhau trong hpDu cho vo ngp c, c phn b u trong du.

2.3. Chn phng n thit k2.3.1. Bo qun nguyn liu 2.3.1.1. Bng nc Bng cch gim nhit xung gn 0 oC, s sinh trng ca cc vi sinh vt gy n hng v gy bnh gim, do vy s gim c tc n hng v lm gimhoc loi b c mt s nguy c v mt an ton thc phm2.3.1.2. Bng t cp ngThc phm c a ln cc bng ti chy trong bung lnh. Khng kh lnh - 30 oC c thi qua cc l nh trn bng ti lm lnh nhanh thc phm, thc phm s c xo trn sau khi cp ng nhanh, chng khng b ng thnh tng. Thi gian cp ng ko di t 2 3 gi.2.3.2. S ch nguyn liuDa vo c tnh ca nguyn liu c nn ta ch c la chn bn cng nhn thc hin th cng x l nguyn liu c cho sch rut, mang, cht bn bm dnh ln c. Ngoi ra lm cho sn phm p, cch xp c vo hp p mt v ng theo quy nh s lng th cn s dng bn cng nhn thao tc cc cng on co da, phi l, ct khc, vo hp. Yu cu cng nhn thc hin cc cng on ny phi cn thn, c kinh nghim m bo cht lng sn phm. 2.3.3. Hpi vi nguyn liu c, vic lm chn rt quan trng lm cho lp protit mt ngoi ng vn, ngng qu trnh sinh ha, ui kh trong nguyn liu trnh phng hp khi thanh trng, to mng lm cho cc cht bn trong t ngm ra, ngoi ra lm chn sn phm s b th khi cho nc st vo trong, p. Ngoi ra cn lm cho cc cng on tip theo thc hin d dng hn. lm chn c th s dng thit b hp c c xe y, c c xp ln cc xe y v c y vo trong thit b hp hp bng hi. 2.3.8. Tit trngV pH ca sn phm ln hn 4,6 nn chn ch tit trng 115 121 oC trong 80 90 pht. Thi gian c tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt l khong 30 40 pht, thi gian cn li c tc dng lm mm xng c.

CHNG 3CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

3.1. Sn phm c hng ngm du 3.1.1. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut c hng hp ngm du Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut c hng hp ngm du c th hin hnh 3.1. 3.1.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh 3.1.2.1. Tip nhn c nguyn liu Mc ch: gip kim sot c ngun nguyn liu u vo, sn phm trnh c h hng do nguyn liu khng t cht lng Thc hin: da vo cc ch tiu cm quan bn ngoi ca c (vy, mang, mt, da, bng, v.v.) nh miu t phn 2.1.1.4 phn loi c theo cht lng. 3.1.2.2. Bo qunMc ch: lm chm s n hng ca nguyn liu, bo qun c trong thi gian di nhm bo m cht lng. ng thi tr c nguyn liu phng khi khng c nguyn liu ti.Thc hin: i vi c tip nhn l c ti v a vo ch bin lin th c sau khi tip nhn cha trong cc thng ln (300 kg c) v c p lnh bng vy (1 lp , 1 lp c, lp di cng v trn cng l ) n khi nhit tm t 0 4 oC th a vo ch bin. Kim tra bng nhit k.i vi c tip nhn l c ti v khng ch bin lin th em i ra sch, cho vo bao polime v chuyn n phng cp ng - 50 oC. C ng bo qun - 18 2 oC t 6 thng n 1 nm. Bo qun nhit ny c th c ch s hot ng pht trin ca vi sinh vt, ko di thi gian bo qun. 3.1.2.3. R ngMc ch: lm cho c mm d dng ra v x l.Thc hin: dng nc c t = 10 15 oC bm trc tip vo cc thng cha c, sau 1 2 h thay nc 1 ln. Qu trnh r ng kt thc khi nhit tm c t 0 4 oC.

Hnh 3.1 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut c hng hp ngm duTip nhn c nguyn liuRa/ X l/ RaNi tng, tp cht, v.v.Hp (t = 93 - 97 oC, ttm sp = 72 2 oC, 30 35 pht)Lm ngui (tnc = 1 - 2 oC, tsp = 40 45 oC) Co da/ Phi lDa, vy,u, xngCt khc (l = 2,5 cm)X (0,2 x 0,2 x 2,5 cm)Vo hp/ nh lngDuun nng(t = 80 - 90 oC))Mui, nc, gia vLcun nngRt hpBi kh/ Ghp mTit trng/ Lm nguiDn nhn/ ng thngHpRa/ Sy khC ngR ng (tnc = 10 15 oC, ttm c = 0 4 oC, 12 24 h) C tiD kim loiLu kho/ Bo qun(6 - 12 oC, 12 24 thng) p mui/ Ra mui (c : mui = 1 : 3, 10 30 pht)Bo qun (t = - 18 2 oC)Vn cRa hpIn date/ Bo n (30 35 oC, 7 10 ngy)

3.1.2.4. Ra/ X l/ RaMc ch: x l nhm mc ch loi b phn khng n c (rut, mang, vy c, v.v.) v tch bt tp cht, kim loi to iu kin thun li cho cc cng on sau.Thc hin:i vi c hng ti hoc c sau khi r ng, cng nhn c ln bn inox ly ni tng v ra.Cng nhn c ra bn ionx trc ht nh vy ri b mang, ni tng, cc tp cht bm, mu bng dng c nh vy chuyn dng v dao. Ri sau c c cho vo my ra c ra sch c em hp.3.1.2.5. p mui/ Ra muiMc ch: to cho c c cu trc sn chc, gim lng nc, kh mi tanh, hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, to cho sn phm c hng v m .Thc hin: c c xp cn thn vao thung cha sch. dung dich mui c nng 10 % vao thung, am bao khi ca phai ngp hoan toan trong dung dich. inh khi ca it nht phai cach mt thoang cua dung dich 2 cm. p khong 30 pht 7 8 0C.C sau khi p mui xong th c vt ra, dng nc sch ra li c, nhm gim dch mui trong cng on p, lm cho c c v mn u. Sau ro.Yu cu: c phi thm u mui. T l khi lng gia c v dung dch mui l 1/3. Nng mui ca c sau khi p t khong 1,5 %. 3.1.2.6. HpMc ch: lm tht c d tch ra khi xng, loi bt nc trong c, dit vi sinh vt c trong c nguyn liu, v hot enzyme c trong c, kh mi tanh, tng mi v, lm chn c v nh hnh.Thc hin: c hng sau khi ra c phn loi ln na xp vo cc khay hp v mi kch c c c mt ch hp khc nhau, thi gian hp c c tnh t khi nhit t khong 93 97 0C, ttm sp = 72 2 0C. Sau khi xp vo khay, cc khay c xp ln cc xe y v c y vo thit b hp. Ti y, c c phun nc ra sch li mt ln na sau c nng ln ti nhit cn thit hp. Thi gian nng nhit 10 pht.Thit b: S dng thit b hp bng hi nng, hnh ch nht, dng nm ngang, c vi nc phun sng bn trong ra c li trc khi hp v lm ngui s b c trc khi ly ra. Do nhit hp dao ng trong khong 93 97 0C < 100 0C nn c th hp iu kin p sut kh quyn, khng cn tng p lc trong thit b. C c xp trn cc khay v t ln xe y (xe y c nhiu tng xp cc khay ln). 3.1.2.7. Lm nguiMc ch: thun tin cho cng on co da, phi l, tht c sn cng li trnh lm v ming phi l khi tch xng, trnh hin tng chn tip.Thc hin: cc xe c c ko ra v lm ngui bng cch cng nhn di nc lnh ln trn c lm ngui n khong 40 - 45 0C.Ri sau t trn bng ti inox lm ngui. 3.1.2.8. Co da/ Phi lMc ch: loi b da ra khi tht c, loi b cc hp cht gy mi tanh trn da c to gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Tch ring phn tht c v xng c, loi b phn tht ca c to iu kin d dng thao tc cho cc cng on tip theoThc hin: Co da: c c xp trn khay, cng nhn dng dao co sch da. Trong khi co da c cn ch loi b u, vy, v.v. cn st. Phi l: phi l c, cng nhn gi c pha trc mt, bng c quay v ngi cng nhn. Dao ct t sau xng u ca c n xng sng lng, lng theo st trc sng v ko n ui. Lch tht khi xng, phn tht cn dnh st xng cng t cng tt, loi b xng sng, bng en, vng. Cui cng mi dao ct ri ming phi l khi thn c v chu trnh tip tc theo mt thn cn li.C phi tin hnh phi l cn thn theo yu cu ca ch bin. Lm sch xng bng dao, ch ly xng bng nhp. Kim xng tng con mt, loi b xng bng nhp.3.1.2.9. Ct khcMc ch: lm gim kch thc ca khi nguyn liu, tng din tch tip xc, to ng u v lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.Thc hin: c sau khi phi l c a qua bn inox v cng nhn c c ln tht, ct bng dao sao cho c c kch thc 2,5 cm cho vo khay inox. 3.1.2.10. D kim loiMc ch: kim tra loi b kim loi ra khi c Thc hin: sau khi ct khc cc khay c c chuyn n thit b d kim loi loi b kp thi cc mnh kim loi c kch thc 3 mm ln trong c. Ln lt cc khay c c bng ti ca my d kim loi a qua b phn d. Nu khay c no c kim loi th my s pht tn hiu ku tt tt.3.1.2.11. XMc ch: to hnh cho tht c hng c kch thc nh dng si theo th tht c, to nt c trng cho sn phm, mt khc vic x cng gip du d ngm vo tht cThc hin: nhng ming c hng c t trong khay v cng nhn dng tay x nh ming tht c theo th tht thnh dng si c kch thc 0,2 x 0,2 x 2,5 cm. Do tht c d gy khc trong qu trnh x nn cng nhn phi cn thn hn ch gy thnh nhng khc nh < 2,5 cm (chiu di). 3.1.2.12. Vo hp/ nh lngMc ch: phn phi tht c vo hp thc hin nhng cng on tip theo (rt du, bi kh, ghp m, v.v.) hon thin sn phm ng hp, gip sn phm c khi lng ng u v chnh xc theo yu cu, thun tin cho qu trnh vn chuyn v d dng thc hin cc cng on tip theo, bc u cho s tch ly sn phm vi mi trng bn ngoi. Thc hin: hp sau khi ra sch c vn chuyn n phng v hp v nh lng sn phm. S dng hp hnh trn, s hiu hp No8. t hp ln cn in t c hiu chnh. Cng nhn ly tht c hng cho vo hp. Sai s trong qu trnh cn khng c vt qu 3 %.3.1.2.13. Rt hpMc ch: gp phn ngn c tip xc vi khng kh, bo v c vi mi trng bn ngoi, to v cho sn phm, rt nng cn gp phn bi kh mt phn.Thc hin: cc hp c c a vo bng chuyn, i qua cc vi du v vi nc mui, lng du v nc mui rt vo c c c nh bng cch iu chnh vn tc cho ph hp. Du s dng l du nnh, du v nc mui ( lc sch) c un nng n 80 - 90 0C trc khi rt (rt nng). Trong qu trnh rt, nhit du v mui lun c gi n nh. 3.1.2.14. Bi kh/ Ghp ma. Bi khMc ch: gim p sut bn trong hp khi thanh trng hp khi b bin dng, bt np, nt cc mi hn.To cho hp c an ton vi tc ngca mi trng xung quanh v khi va p c hc. Hn ch s n mn v hp, to chn khng trong hp khi lm ngui. Hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh tn ti trong hp sau khi thanh trng. Ngn nga phn ng oxy ho ca oxy khng kh vi du nng v vi c tht c.Thc hin: thc hin bi kh bng cch phun hi. Dng hi nc nng phun vo khong khng nh hp trc khi ghp m, hi nc s y khng kh ra ngoi, sau khi ghp kn v lm ngui, hi nc s ngng t v to chn khng cho hp. b. Ghp mMc ch: ngn cch sn phm vi mi trng khng kh v vi sinh vt bn ngoi. y l mt qu trnh quan trng, c nh hng ti thi gian bo qun lu di sn phm.Thc hin: cho hp vo bng chuyn ca my ghp. Sau khi qua my ghp, hp c ghp kn, xp hp vo cc gi chun b cho qu trnh tit trng.3.1.2.15. Ra hpMc ch: hp sau khi bi kh, ghp m s chy qua bng chuyn v vo thit b ra hp v sinh bn ngoi v hp.Thc hin: my ra hp c 2 ngn. Khi hp qua ngn th nht, y vi phun nc x phng s ty i du, mui, v.v. dnh trn hp. Khi hp qua ngn th 2, hp s c ra sch hon ton nh vo h thng phun nc ra sch x phng. Khi ra ngoi hp c ra sch ln cui bng nc lnh v qua h thng mm xoay. Hp ra khi my ra s c cng nhn ly ra cho vo xe em i tit trng.3.1.2.16. Tit trng/ Lm nguia. Tit trngMc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt v nha bo ca n, nu chn thc phm ti mc c th n lin c, to mi v c trng cho c (nh x l nhit cao, thi gian di).Thc hin: tit trng bng hi nng qu bo ha, dng thng ng. Cng thc tit trng i vi hp s 8 l:

Sau khi tit trng trng, sn phm c ng m s, xp thng v chuyn vo khokho thnh phm.b. Lm nguiMc ch: hp sau khi tit trng c lm ngui nhanh chng mu sc v mi v ca thc phm t b nh hng. 3.1.2.17. In date/ Bo n Sau khi hon tt cc cng on trn, sn phm c th s dng c ngay. Tuy nhin, theo nghin cu cho thy hp c hng ngm du s khng ngon nu em i s dng lin. Do nn tin hnh qu trnh bo n trong 3 thng du thm vo sn phm, mu c tr nn hng hn v dy c mi thm c trng ca sn phm.3.1.2.18. Dn nhn/ ng thnga. Dn nhn Hp trc khi dn nhn phi c lau sch, ch st v qut vecni. Nhn c dn cht, phng, ngay ngn, ghi y thng tin: tn x nghip, tn sn phm, hn s dng, a ch, khi lng thnh phn, sau hp c chuyn sang giai on in date: ngy sn xut v hn s dng. Sau em ng thng.b. ng thngCc hp c ng trong cc thng giy carton vic vn chuyn c thun li v d dng. Cc thng giy phi c lm chc chn v ch dng giy dy, sch, khng mc nt, kh. 3.1.2.19. Lu kho/ Bo qunCc thng sn phm c bo qun trong kho v c phn phi ti ni tiu th. Kho bo qun thnh phm phi m bo v sinh, thong mt, kh ro; ngn chn c cn trng v loi gm nhm; c pallet chc chn xp cc kin hp theo tng l thun tin cho vic theo di, kim tra v xut hng. Trong kho bo qun thnh phm phi c nhit k, m k theo di nhit v m ca kho trong qu trnh bo qun hp. 3.2. Sn phm c ng hp st c chua2.2.1. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xutQuy trnh cng ngh sn xut c ng hp st c chua th hin hnh 3.23.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh3.2.2.1. Tip nhn nguyn liuC ng nhp vo nh my dng c nguyn con lnh ng hoc p c chuyn n kho lnh ca nh my bo qun v d tr nguyn liu cho sn xut. Khi cn sn xut th s sut kho va r ng cho c.Kim tra hm lng histamin < 50 ppm (theo quy nh ca B Y T).3.2.2.2. Bo qunMc ch: nu lng c tip nhn trong ngy nhiu khng s ch kp th phi bo qun bng phng php cp ng. Cp ng nhm c ch s pht trin v hot ng ca vi sinh vt v ko di thi gian bo qun nguyn liu.Thc hin: nguyn liu em i phn loi, sau cho vo cc bao polime v chuyn n phn xng lnh ng cp ng. C c cp ng - 50 0C, nhit tm c t -18 0C. C bo qun nhit ny c th gi c t 6 thng n 1 nm. Tuy nhin, c gi cng lu th cht lng c cng gim.

Tip nhn c nguyn liuX l/ Ra (tnc = 10 15 oC)cNi tng, tp chtHp (t = 95 - 100 oC, ttm sp = 72 2 oC, 70 75 pht)Lm ngui (tsp = 40 45 oC) Co da/ Phi lDa, vy,u, xngCt khc (l = 2,5 cm)Vo hp/ nh lngPhi chGia vC c(t = 50 55 oC,P = 0,82 0,88 at)Rt stBi kh/ Ghp mTit trng/ Lm nguiDn nhn/ ng thngHpRa/ Sy khC ngR ng (tnc = 10 15 oC, ttm c = 0 4 oC, 12 24 h) C tiD kim loiLu kho/ Bo qun(7 10 oC, 12 24 thng)p mui/ Ra mui (c : mui = 1 : 3, 10 20 pht)Hnh 3.2 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut c ng hp st c chuaBo qun (t = - 18 2 oC)Vn cRa hpIn date/ Bo n30 35 oC, 10 ngyNpun nng (t = 85 2 oC, 10 phtChV, htC chuaRa, x tiTip nhn nguyn liu

3.2.2.3. R ngMc ch: a nhit ca c v nhit thch hp s dng cho nhng cng on ch bin tip theoThc hin: c ng c a lin tc ti thit b r ng bng xe vn chuyn v c c ngm cho n khi tan ht gi, cui cng c bc d ra bng khun di y thit b. tng hiu sut th nc c sc vo thit b di p lc cao lin tc n khi c tch ri v nh vy qu trnh tan gi s nhanh hn.3.2.2.4. X l/ RaMc ch: ty sch ni tng, mu v cht nht, lm sch cc tp cht cn bm trn c, ngoi ra cn gim mt phn lng vi sinh vt cn st hay b nhim trong qu trnh ct, ng thi ra sch cht bo chy ra ngoi trnh hin tng oxy ha gy i thi bin mu.Thc hin: c ng theo bng ti chuyn xung bn. Cng nhn ngi xung quanh bn ra c. Sau c c sp xp ln xe vn chuyn v a qua qu trnh tip theo.3.2.2.5. p mui/ Ra muiMc ch: Lm tng hng v cho sn phm, kh bt lng nc trong c,lm cho kt cu t chc tht c cht ch hn, sn chc hn.Thc hin:C c ngm vo dung dch nc mui 10 % trong thi gian 15 - 20 pht cc thng inox. Trong sut qu trnh ngm mui c mt lng nc tch ra t c, ngn chn ly nhim, mui cn thay mi thng xuyn, nng mui trong c sau khi ra mui l 1,6 2 %.C sau khi p mui xong cho vt ra ro nc ri cho vo khay em d kim loi.3.2.2.6. HpMc ch: nhm bin tnh v ng t protein to s sn chc ca tht c, trnh xy ra hin tng tht c b mm nhn khi rt nc st vo. Tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt, ch yu l vi sinh vt bm trn b mt c v mt s vi sinh vt khng chu nhit. Tng gi tr cm quan ca thc phm do lm bay hi bt mt s kh sinh ra do phn ng phn hy protein nh H2S, NH3, v.v. lm cho c bt tanh.Thc hin: thit b gm 2 bung: bung hp v bung ngui. Hi s dng c gia nhit n nhit khong 95 100 oC, sau c dn vo bung hp, pha di bung hp l b phn phn b hi. Thi gian hp khong 70 75 pht. Sau khi hp hi thot nc ra ngoi theo ng thot hi pha trn.3.2.2.7. Lm nguiMc ch: gip thn nhit c h xung mt cch nhanh chng, trnh hin tng da c bm cht vo c tht khi hp.Thc hin: c sau khi hp xong c chuyn t bung hp qua bung lm ngui bng 1 dy xch. Nc lnh c x t trn xung, nc thi theo ng ng pha di ra ngoi. Nhit trung tm c sau khi lm ngui khong 40 45 oC, thi gian lm ngui nh sau:i vi c ng b loi ln (4 - 5 kg): thi gian lm ngui khong 1 h 30 pht. i vi c ng b loi nh (1,5 2,5 kg): thi gian lm ngui khong 1h. i vi c ng vy vng (5 - 6 kg) thi gian lm ngui khong 2 h 30 pht.3.2.2.8. Co da/ Phi lMc ch: loi b nhng phn khng hoc cha t cht dinh dng ca sn phm. Cc phn loi b c th l u c, xng, da, nhng phn xu ca con c. Nhng b phn ny c th thu hi ch bin lm thc n gia sc.Thc hin: nhng khay ng c ng chn c t trn bn c bng ti chy xung quanh, cng nhn b u, co da, ly xng theo nhm. C b u ri chuyn n khu co da, c c co theo chiu ca tht, trnh lm tht c gy gy hao ht. C c cn sau ly xng ra, ch tch xng sng ca cc khc c cn xng khc vn gi nguyn. Tch xng tng gi tr cm quan khi xp c vo hp. 3.1.2.9. Ct khc Mc ch: to ng u v lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.Thc hin: c sau khi fillet c a qua bn inox v cng nhn c c ln tht, ct bng dao sao cho c c kch thc 2,5 cm cho vo khay inox. 3.2.2.10. D kim loiMc ch: pht hin v loi b cc mnh kim loi. Thc hin: Sau khi ct khc cc khay c c chuyn n thit b d kim loi loi b kp thi cc mnh kim loi c kch thc 3 mm ln trong c. Ln lt cc khay c c bng ti ca my d kim loi a qua b phn d. Nu khay c no c kim loi th my s pht tn hiu bo ng, khi cng nhn ly khay ra. 3.2.2.11. Chun b st c chuaNguyn liu: chn c ti, mu sng, khng dp nt, khng su bnh, khng qu chn, nguyn liu c la chn bng tay trn bng ti, cng nhn ng hai bn la chn nhng qu c chua khng t yu cu.X l: cng on ny gm ra v x ti c, ra c trong nc sch nhm loi b tp cht, t, ct loi b nhng qu b thi, khng quy cch ch bin. Ri sau em c chua qua x ti, lm nh thun li cho un nng.un nng: mc ch: v hot enzym pectinase gi cho sn phm khng b tch nc. Bn cnh , enzym oxy ha cng b v hot. Ngoi ra, un nng cng lm cho cu trc mm hn nhm tng hiu sut thu hi dch qu. un nng gin tip dch qu sau khi x ti 85 oC trong 10 pht trn thit b un nng ng chm.Ch: loi b phn nguyn liu c gi tr dinh dng thp hoc khng n c: v, ht. Lm cho nguyn liu c chua ng nht v trng thi v thnh phn ch bin c thun li v nng cao cht lng thnh phm. Mc mn ca c chua khi ch nh hng nhiu n qa trnh c c: c chua cng mn, nht cng thp v thi gian c c cng ngn. C chua sau khi c un nng s c chuyn vo my ch cnh p c ch nh.Phi ch: thnh phn gm tinh bt bp, ng, mui, bt ngt. Cho bt c chua sau ch v nguyn liu ph vo ni hai v o trn u. C c: qu trnh c c c thc hin trong iu kin chn khng vi chn khng khong 600 - 650 mmHg. Trong iu kin chn khng nhit si ca dung dch rt thp, khong 50 55 oC, c c t nng 7 % n 12 %. 3.2.2.12. Vo hp/ nh lngMc ch: phn phi tht c vo hp thc hin nhng cng on tip theo (rt st, bi kh, ghp m, v.v.) hon thin sn phm ng hp, gip sn phm c khi lng ng u v chnh xc theo yu cu, thun tin cho qu trnh vn chuyn v d dng thc hin cc cng on tip theo, bc u cho s tch ly sn phm vi mi trng bn ngoi.Thc hin: hp sau khi ra sch c vn chuyn n phng v hp v nh lng sn phm. S dng hp hnh trn, s hiu hp No8. t hp ln cn in t c hiu chnh. Cng nhn ly tng khc c cho vo hp. Sai s trong qu trnh cn khng c vt qu 3 %.3.2.2.13. Rt stMc ch: gp phn ngn c tip xc vi khng kh, bo v c vi mi trng bn ngoi, to v cho sn phm, rt nng cn gp phn bi kh mt phn.Thc hin:C c xp vo hp, cho nc st vo bng my chit rt lc nhit cn nng khong hn 85 oC theo t l c : st = 7 : 3 sau tin hnh ghp np.Trc khi ghp np thc hin bi kh bng cch phun hi. Dng hi nc nng phun vo khong khng nh hp trc khi ghp m, hi nc s y khng kh ra ngoi, sau khi ghp kn v lm ngui, hi nc s ngng t v to chn khng cho hp. 3.2.2.14. Bi kh/ Ghp ma. Bi khMc ch: ngn chn s tng p sut trong qu trnh tit trng nhit cao do s gin n khng kh khong trng trong hp, gim s oxy ha sn phm bn trong hp v gim hin tng n mn hp.Thc hin: hp i qua bng chuyn, hi nc phun vo hp khi hi nc chim ch ca khng kh v y khng kh trong hp ra ngoi, sau ghp m hp ngay lp tc. Hi nc trong hp s ngng t v to chn khng. b. Ghp mMc ch: ngn cch sn phm vi mi trng khng kh v vi sinh vt bn ngoi. y l mt qu trnh quan trng, c nh hng ti thi gian bo qun lu di sn phm. Thc hin: cho hp vo bng chuyn ca my ghp. Sau khi qua my ghp, hp c ghp kn, xp hp vo cc gi chun b cho qu trnh thanh trng tip theoThit b: ghp m t ng 120 hp/ pht3.2.2.15. Ra hpHp sau khi bi kh, ghp m s chy ra bng chuyn v vo b phn ra hp. 3.2.2.16. Tit trng/ Lm nguiMc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt v nha bo ca n, nu chn thc phm ti mc c th n lin c, to mi v c trng cho c (nh x l nhit cao, thi gian di)Thc hin: Sau khi xp y bn thnh phm vo cc gi, palng in nng cc gi ln a vo thit b tit trng, chn ch tit trng 112 0C, trong 100 - 110 pht (thi gian ban u tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt khong 75 pht, thi gian cn li c tc dng lm mm xng c). Ch tit trng i vi hp s 8 l:

3.2.2.17. In date/ Bo n Sau khi in date hp c em i bo n. Trong thi gian bo n khong 10 ngy, cc thnh phn trong hp c tip tc n nh v mt phm cht v c th pht hin h hng. 3.1.2.18. Dn nhn/ ng thngDn nhn hp bng thit b dn nhn.Yu cu:Nhn phi c y thng tin cn thitMp dn phi phngNhn khng nh hng n cht lng ca hp.3.1.2.19. Lu kho/ Bo qunNhit bo qun khong 7 10 0C trn thi gian 12 24 thng.CHNG 4TNH CN BNG VT CHT

4.1. Lp biu sn xutNh my sn xut hp thy sn hot ng theo s ngy quy nh trong nm bo m hiu qu kinh t.Nh my ch ngh sn xut vo nhng ngy l, tt v thng 11 ngh i tu my mc thit b v thng ny l thng ma nhu cu tiu dng t. Nhng thng cn li u hot ng bnh thng, mi ngy 3 ca lin tc.S ngy trong nm:365 ngyS ngy ngh tu sa my mc, thit b: 30 ngyS ngy ngh l, tt v trng tu thit b (mi thng mt ngy): 22 ngyS ngy sn xut: 365 - (30 + 22) = 313 ngyS ca sn xut: 313 x 3 = 939 caS gi sn xut: 939 x 8 = 7512 gi

Bng 4.1 - Biu thi gian sn xut trong nm Thng010203040506070809101112C nm

S ngy26223028302930302929x30313

S c78669084908790908787x90939

4.2. Tnh cn bng vt cht4.2.1. Tnh cn bng sn xut sn phm hng hp ngm du4.2.1.1. Tnh lng nguyn liu chnhNng sut dy chuyn sn xut: 115 vsp/ngyM theo quy nh ca hp thy sn hp .8 l hp tiu chun, kch thc hp nh sau th tch hp: 353 cm3; trng lng hp: 80 g; ng knh ngoi: 102,3 mm; chiu cao ngoi: 52,8 mm v 1000 hp tiu chun = 1 n v sn phm nh vy 115 vsp/ngy = 115.000 hp tiu chun/ngy.M mt hp s 8 c khi lng tnh 353 g = 0,353 kg. Nng sut tnh theo kgtrong mt ngy l: 115.000 x 0,353 = 40.595 kg/ngy.

Bng 4.2 - Mc hao ht cc cng on (%)STTCng onHao ht

1 Tip nhn nguyn liu1

2Bo qun0,5

3R ng0,5

4X l, ra25

5Ngm mui2

6Hp22

7Lm ngui1

8Co da/ phi l20

9Ct khc1

10D kim loi0,1

11X2

12Vo hp/ nh lng1

13Rt hp1

14Ghp m/ Tit trng/ Lm ngui/ Bo n1

15Tng hao ht78,1

Chi ph nguyn vt liu tng cng on tnh theo cng thc: T = Trong :S: lng nguyn liu cui cng trong mt n v thnh phmn: s cng onx1, x2, xn: l % hao ph nguyn liu cc cng on 1, 2,, n so vi lc nguyn liu a vo.a. Ghp m/ Tit trng/ Lm ngui/ Bo n Lng bn thnh phm a vo bo n, tit trng, lm ngui, ghp m:

Lng bn thnh phm hao ht trong bo n, tit trng, lm ngui, ghp m: M1 = 41.005,05 40.595 = 410,05 kg/ ngyb. Rt hpLng bn thnh phm a vo rt hp:

Lng bn thnh phm hao ht trong rt hp:M2 = 41.419,24 41.005,05 = 414,19 kg/ngyTrong sn xut c hng ngm du, khi rt hp th ngoi c hng cn c cc nguyn liu ph khc cho nn da vo bng thnh phn sau

Bng 4.3 - Bng s liu v thnh phn ca sn phm c hng ngm du

STTThnh phn nguyn liuChim theo % khi lng

1C hng70

2Nc13,20

3Mui1,26

4Bt ngt0,54

5Du n15

Lng c hng khi rt hp l:

Lng bn c hng hao ht khi rt hp:

c. V hp/ nh lngLng c hng a vo hp/ nh lng:

Lng c hng hao ht khi vo hp, nh lng: M3 = 29.286,33 28.993,47 = 292,86 kg/ngyd. XLng c hng a vo x:

Lng c hng hao ht khi x: M4 = 29.884,01 29.286,33 = 597,68 kg/ngye. D kim loiLng c hng a vo d kim loi:

Lng c hng hao ht khi d kim loi: M5 = 29.913,92 29884,01 = 29,91 kg/ngyd. Ct khcLng c hng a vo ct khc:

Lng c hng hao ht khi ct khc: M6 = 30.216,08 29.913,92 = 302,16 kg/ngye. Co da/ Phi lLng c hng a vo co da, phi l:

Lng hng hng hao ht khi co da, phi l: M7 = 37.770,10 30.216,08 = 7.554,02 kg/ngyf. Lm nguiLng c hng a vo lm ngui:

Lng c hng hao ht khi lm ngui: M8 = 38.151,62 37.770,10 = 381,52 kg/ngyg. HpLng c hng a vo hp:

Lng c hng hao ht khi hp: M9 = 48.912,33 38.151,62 = 10.760,71 kg/ngyh. Ngm muiLng nguyn liu a vo ngm mui:

Lng nguyn liu hao ht khi ngm mui: M10 = 49.910,54 48.912,33 = 998,21 kg/ngyi. X l/ RaLng nguyn liu a vo x l, ra:

Lng nguyn liu hao ht khi x l, ra: M11 = 66.547,39 49.910,54 = 16.636,85 kg/ngyj. R ngLng nguyn liu a vo r ng:

Lng nguyn liu hao ht khi r ng:M12 = 66.881,80 66.547,39 = 334,41 kg/ngyk. Bo qunLng nguyn liu a vo bo qun:

Lng nguyn liu hao ht khi bo qun: M13 = 67.217,89 66.881,80 = 336,09 kg/ngyl. Tip nhn nguyn liuLng nguyn liu a vo thu nhn:

Lng nguyn liu hao ht khi thu nhn: M14 = 67.896,86 67.217,89 = 678,97 kg/ngy4.2.1.2. Tnh lng nguyn liu ph

Bng 4.4 Mc hao ht ca cc nguyn liu liu ph cc cng on (%)

STTCng onHao ht

1Nu1,5

2Rt hp1

a. Nc- Rt:Lng nc khi rt hp:

Lng nc hao ht khi rt hp:

- Nu:Lng nc khi nu:

Lng nc hao ht khi nu: HN nu = 5.550,60 5.467,34 = 83,26 kg/ngyb. Du nnh- Rt:Lng du nnh khi rt:

Lng du nnh hao ht khi rt:

- Nu:Lng du nnh khi nu:

Lng du nnh hao ht khi nu: HD nu = 6.307,50 6.212,89 = 94,61 kg/ngyc. Mui- Rt:Lng mui khi rt:

Lng mui hao ht khi rt:

- Nu:Lng mui khi nu:

Lng mui hao ht khi nu: HM nu = 529,83 521,88 = 7,95 kg/ngyd. Bt ngt- Rt:Lng bt ngt khi rt:

Lng bt ngt hao ht khi rt:

- Nu:Lng bt ngt khi nu:

Lng bt ngt hao ht khi nu: HBN nu = 227,07 223,66 = 3,41 kg/ngy4.2.1.3. Tnh lng np, hp, nhn Hp: 115.000 hp/ngy Np: T l np tiu hao trong 1 ngy so vi s hp cho 1 ngy l: 2 %. Vy s np dng dng trong 1 ngy: 115.000 + 115.000 x 0,02 = 117.300 np. - Nhn : T l nhn tiu hao trong mt ngy so vi s hp cho mt ngy l: 2 % Lng nhn dng dn hp l: 115.000 + 115.000 0,02 = 117.300 nhnKt lun: sau qu trnh tnh ton hao ht nguyn liu ta c 2 bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh v nguyn liu ph ca quy trnh sn xut hp c hng hp ngm du, th hin bng 4.5 v bng 4.6.

Cng onHao ht (%)Nng sut theo ngy (kg/ngy)Nng sut theo ca (kg/ca)Nng sut theo gi (kg/h)Khi lng hao ht (kg/ngy)Khi lng hao ht (kg/ca)Khi lng hao ht (kg/h)

Tip nhn nguyn liu167.896,8622.632,292.829,04678,97226,3228.29

Bo qun 0,567.217,8922.405,962.800,75336,09112,0314,00

R ng0,566.881,8022.293,932.786,74334,41111,4713,93

X l, ra2566.547,3922.182,462.772,8116.636,85.545,62693,20

Ngm mui249.910,5416.636,852.079,61998,21332,7441.59

Hp2248.912,3316.304,112.038,0110.760,713.586,90448,36

Lm ngui138.151,6212.717,211.589,65381,52127,1715,90

Co da, phi l2037.770,1012.590,031.573,757.554,022.518,01314,75

Ct khc130.216,0810.072,031.259,00302,16100,7212,59

D kim loi0,129.913,929.971,311.246,4129,919,971,25

X 229.884,019.961,341.245,17597,68199,2324,90

Vo hp, nh lng129.286,339.762,111.220,26292,8697,6212,20

Rt hp141.419,2413.806,411.725,80414,19138,0617,26

Ghp m/ Tit trng/ Lm ngui/ Bo n141.005,0513.668,351.708,54410,05136,6817,09

Sn phm40.595,0013.531,671.691,46

Bng 4.5 - Bng tng kt tnh cn bng vt cht sn phm c hng ngm du

Bng 4.6 - Bng tng kt nguyn vt liu ph (kg/ngy)Nguyn vt liuCng onHao htNng sut (kg/ngy)Lng hao ht (kg/ngy)

NcNu1,55.550,6083,26

Rt15.467,3454,67

Du nnhNu1,56.307,5094,61

Rt16.212,8962,13

MuiNu1,5529,837,95

Rt1521,885,22

Bt ngtNu1,5 227,073,41

Rt1223,662,24

Hp 0115.0000

Nhn 2117.3002.300

Np2117.3002.300

4.2.2. Tnh cn bng sn xut sn phm c ng hp st c chua4.2.2.1. Tnh lng nguyn liu chnh Nng sut dy chuyn sn xut: 7 tn nguyn liu/ca = 7.000 kg/ca

Bng 4.7 - Bng hao ht qua cc cng on (%)STTCng onHao ht

1Tip nhn nguyn liu1

2Bo qun0,5

3R ng0,5

4X l/ Ra 25

5Ngm mui2

6Hp20

7Lm ngui1

8Co da/ Phi l20

9Ct khc1

10D kim loi0.1

11Vo hp/ nh lng1

12Rt st1

13Ghp m/ Tit trng/ Lm ngui/ Bo n1

Lng nguyn liu c ng trong mt ngy ca nh my l G0= 7.000 kg/ca.a. Tip nhn nguyn liuLng nguyn liu c cn li sau a vo thu nhn:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht trong thu nhn:

b. Bo qunLng nguyn liu c cn li sau a vo bo qun:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht trong bo qun:

c. R ngLng nguyn liu c cn li sau a vo bo qun:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht trong bo qun:

d. X l/ Ra Lng nguyn liu c cn li sau a vo x l, ra sch:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht trong x l, ra sch:

e. Ngm muiLng nguyn liu c cn li sau khi ngm mui:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht trong ngm mui:

f. HpLng nguyn liu c cn li sau hp:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht khi hp:

g. Lm nguiLng nguyn liu c cn li sau lm ngui:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht sau khi lm ngui:

h. Co da/ Phi lLng nguyn liu c cn li sau khi co da/ phi l:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht sau co da/ phi l:

i. Ct khcLng nguyn liu c cn li sau khi ct khc:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht sau khi ct khc:

j. D kim loiLng nguyn liu c cn li sau khi d kim loi:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht trong d kim loi:

k. Vo hp/ nh lng Lng nguyn liu c cn li sau khi vo hp, nh lng:

Lng nguyn liu c hao ht khi vo hp, nh lng:

l. Rt stNh my s dng bao b l hp s 8, c khi lng tnh 353 g, trong c ng chim 70 %. Vy s lng hp cn dng cho vo hp:

Lm trn: 12.661 hp/caLng st c chua chim 30 % so vi khi lng tnh ca hp, vy trong mt hp lng st c chua l:

Nh vy lng st c chua dng cho vo hp l: 12.661 x 0,1059 = 1.340,80 kg/caVy tng lng bn thnh phm khi cho vo hp: G12 = 3.128,37 + 1.340,80 = 4.469,17 kg/caLng bn thnh phm hao ht trong cng on rt st:

m. Ghp m/ Tit trng/ Lm ngui/ Bo nLng bn thnh phm a vo ghp m/ tit trng/ lm ngui/ bo n:

Lng bn thnh phm hao ht khi ghp m/ tit trng/ lm ngui/ bo n:

4.2.2.2. Tnh lng nguyn liu phTrong qu c chua Vit Nam hm lng cht kh l 7 % m sn xut c st c yu cu hm lng cht kh ca c chua l 12 %, do vy khi sn xut st c chua c lng nc bc hi trong cng on c c. Trong cng on ny, t l hao ht chnh l lng hi nc bc ra so vi lng c chua em i c cCng thc tnh lng nc bc hi:

Trong : G: khi lng dung dch cn c c (kg)m1: nng cht kh ban u, m1 = 7 %m2: nng cht kh sau c c, m2 = 12 %

Vy lng nc bc hi l: W = G x (1 - ) = 0,42 x G = 42 % x GNh vy t l hao ht trong cng on c c l 42 %.

Bng 4.8. Bng lng hao ht cc cng on lm st c chua (%)

STTCng onHao ht

1Tip nhn nguyn liu2

2Ra/ x ti1,5

3un nng0,5

4Ch3,5

5Phi ch1

6C c42

7Rt st1

a. Rt stLng st c chua khi rt st:

Lng st c chua hao ht trong cng on vo hp l:

b. C cLng st c chua cho vo c c:

Lng st c chua hao ht trong cng on c c l:

c. Phi chLng st c chua cho vo phi ch:

Lng st c chua hao ht trong cng on phi ch l:

Khi phi ch st c th c cc nguyn liu ph: du, mui, bt ngt, tinh bt bp. Do cn phi tnh lng nguyn liu ph bit c lng c chua dng:

Bng 4.9 - Bng thnh phn nguyn liu ph (%)

Nguyn liuKhi lng chim

Du4,5

Mui2

Bt ngt0,54

Tinh bt bp2

ng5,46

- Du n:Lng du n khi phi ch:

- Mui:Lng mui khi phi ch:

- Bt ngt:Lng bt ngt khi phi ch:

- Tinh bt bp:Lng tinh bt bp khi phi ch:

- ng:Lng ng khi phi ch:

- C chua:Vy lng c chua cn dng phi ch l:Hcc = 2.358,66 (106,14 + 47,17 + 12,74 + 47,17 + 128,78) = 2.016,66 kg/caLng c chua hao ht khi phi ch:

c. ChLng c chua a vo ch:

Lng c chua hao ht trong cng on ch:

d. un nngLng c chua a vo un nng:

Lng c chua hao ht trong cng on un nng l:

e. X lLng c chua cho vo x l:

Lng c chua hao ht trong cng on x l l:

f. Thu nhnLng c chua khi thu nhn:

Lng c chua hao ht trong cng on thu nhn l:

4.2.2.3. Tnh lng hp, np, nhna. HpNh my sn xut c cho vo hp s 8 vi khi lng tnh 353 g, nh vy lng hp dng sn xut l:

Vy lng hp s dng trong 1 ca l: 12.661. b. NpT l nhn tiu hao trong 1 ca so vi s hp cho 1 ca l 2 %. Vy s np dng cho 1 ca: 12.661 + 12.661 x 0,02 = 12.914,22 np/cac. NhnT l nhn tiu hao trong mt ngy so vi s hp cho mt ca l: 2 %Vy lng nhn dng dn hp: 12.661 + 12.661 x 0,02 = 12.914,22 np/cKt lun: sau qu trnh tnh ton hao ht nguyn liu ta c 2 bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh v nguyn liu ph ca quy trnh sn xut hp c ng hp st c chua, th hin bng 4.10 v bng 4.11.

Cng onHao ht (%)Nng sut theo ca (kg/ca)Nng sut theo gi (kg/h)Khi lng hao ht (kg/ca)Khi lng hao ht (kg/h)

Tip nhn nguyn liu16.930866,225708,75

Bo qun 0,56.895,35861,9234,654,33

R ng0,56.860,87857,6134,304,29

X l, ra255.145,65643,211.286,41160,80

Ngm mui25.042,74630,34100,8512,61

Hp204.034,19504,27806,84100,86

Lm ngui13.993,85499,2339,944,99

Co da, phi l203.195,08399,39639,0279,88

Ct khc13.163,13395,3931,633,95

D kim loi0,13.159,97394,993,160,395

Vo hp, nh lng13.128,37391,0531,283,94

Rt st14469,17558,6544,695,59

Ghp m/ Tit trng/ Lm ngui/ Bo n14.424,48553,0644,245,53

Bng 4.10 - Bng tng kt cn bng vt cht sn phm c ng hp st c chua

Bng 4.13 - Bng nguyn vt liu ph sn phm c hng rn st c chua (kg/ca, np, hp, nhn)

Nguyn vt liuKhi lng

C chua2.016,66

Du nnh106,14

Mui47,17

Tinh bt bp47,17

ng128,78

Bt ngt12,74

Hp12.661

Np12.915

Nhn12.915

CHNG 6TNH V CHN THIT B6.1. My r ngVic np liu v d liu hon ton bng bng chuyn, iu khin bi mn hnh cm ng.

Hnh 6.1. My r ng DF530 - R

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.1. Thng s k thut ca my r ng DF530-R

ModelDF530 - R

Nng sut5 40 tn/m

Vt liuThp khng g

6.1.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duR ng mi m trong 13 h.Lng nguyn liu em r ng: 2.786,74 kg/h = 36.227,62 kg/m (theo bng 4.5).S my r ng: 36227,62/40.000 = 0,906 myVy chn 1 my r ng.Cng on ny cn 1 cng nhn vn hnh.6.1.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaR ng mi m trong 14 h.Lng nguyn liu em r ng: 857,61 kg/h = 12.006,54 kg/m (theo bng 4.10).S my r ng: 12.006,54/40.000 = 0,30 myVy chn 1 my r ng.Cng on ny cn 1 cng nhn vn hnh.6.2. My ra cS dng my ra c ca cng ty Thnh Pht do hng ny thit k, my kiu trng quay bn trong c lng quay cha cnh xon quay o u c trong nc, di tc dng lc quay cc tp cht bn, theo l li ra ngoi theo mng. ng thi nh cnh xon quay c c a n u ra ca my. (23)

Hnh 6.3 - My ra c

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.3 Thng s k thut ca y ra c

ng knh800 mm

Chiu di1.300 mm

Nng sut ra2.000 kg/h

Cng sut ng c1/2 HP

6.2.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duLng c cn ra: 2.772,81 kg/h (theo bng 4.5)S lng thit b: 2.772,81/2000 = 1,39; Vy chn 2 ci. S cng nhn vn hnh: 2 ngi.6.2.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaLng c cn ra: G3 = 643,21 kg/h (theo bng 4.10)S lng thit b: 643,21/2000 = 0,32; Vy chn 1 ci.S cng nhn vn hnh: 1 ngi. 6.3. Bn x l

Hnh 6.4 Bn c vi nc

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.1 Thng s ca bn c vi nc

ModelBCBVN1-1.5-H-4

Sc cha100 kg

Kch thc2300L x 1100W x 800H (mm)

B dy1,5 mm

6.3.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp st c chuaNng sut cng on x l: 2.772,81 kg/h (theo bng 4.5).Mi cng nhn trung bnh x l c: 58 kg/h. S cng nhn cn: Chxl = 2.772,81/58 = 47,81 ngi. Chn Cnxl = 48 ngi. S lng bn cn l: Hhxl = 48/8 = 6 bn. S cng nhn vn chuyn trong cng on x l l Chvc = 6 ngi.Vy s lng cng nhn trong cng on ny l: Cnt = 48 + 6 = 54 ngi.

6.3.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaLng nguyn liu cng on ny: 643,21 kg/h (theo bng 4.10).Mi cng nhn trung bnh x l c: 55 kg/h.S cng nhn cn: Cnxl = 643,21/55 = 11,69 ngi. Chn Cnxl = 12 ngi. S lng bn cn l: Hnxl = 12/8 = 1,5 bn. Chn Hnxl = 2 bnS cng nhn vn chuyn trong cng on x l l Cnvc = 2 ngi.Vy s lng cng nhn trong cng on ny l: Cntxl = 12 + 2 = 14 ngi.6.4. Thng p muiLm bng inox, c van x nc mui sau khi p, c bn bnh xe di chuyn c.

Hnh 6.5 - Thng ngm muiThng s k thut:

Bng 6.7 Thng s k thut ca thng inox ngm mui

Kch thcL3000 - R1200 - H1500 mm

Nng sut500 kg/m

6.4.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duThi gian p mt m: 30 pht.Lng nguyn liu em p mui: 2.079,61 kg/h = 1.039,81 kg/m (theo bng 4.5).S thng ngm cn: 1.039,81/500 = 2,08 thngChn 3 thng.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 6 ngi.6.4.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaThi gian p mt m: 20 pht.Lng nguyn liu em ngm mui: 630,34 kg/h = 210,11 kg/m (theo bng 4.10).S thng ngm cn: 210,11/500 = 0,42 thng.Chn 1 thng.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 2 ngi.6.5. Thit b hpThit b c s dng kt hp vi ni hi v qu trnh ny cn hi gia nhit lm chn c. Nh my s dng thit b hp dng phng hp hnh ch nht, c c xp trn cc xe v a vo phng hp, bn trong c dn phun hi cp hi cho qu trnh hp c. Lc ny c s trao i nhit gia hi v c lm cho nhit c tng ln, c t yu cu th a ra ngoi. Ngoi ra trong thit b cn c van x nc ngng, van x kh u im : do khng tip xc trong nc nn cht dinh dng t tn tht.Nhc im: do c xp vo trong thit b m lp c gia nhn nhit km, khi lp men lp ny b v hot th cc lp c khc b gia nhit qu mc nn tht c mm (5, tr 120)

Hnh 6.6 - Thit b hp

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6,8 Thng s k thut my hpNng sut1.500 kg/h

Kch thc myL3.000 W1.500 H1.800 mm

p sut hi2 - 3 at

Chi ph hi450 kg/h

Cng sut ng c4,5 KW

6.5.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duLng nguyn liu c: 2.038,01 kg/h (theo bng 4.5)S lng thit b: 2.038,01/1.500 = 1,36 thit b.Vy chn 2 thit b.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 4 ngi.6.5.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaLng nguyn liu c: 504,27 kg/h (theo bng 4.10)S lng thit b: 504,27/1.500 = 0,34 thit b.Vy chn 1 thit b.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 2 ngi.6.6. Bng ti li inoxS dng bng ti li inox 304 ca Vit Nam, ng c i Loan lm ngui c sau khi hp, nh bng ti vn chuyn c ln lt lm ngui c

Hnh 6.7 - Bng ti li inox

Bng ti lm bng thp khng g, trn b mt c dng li nhm c ln thngthong mau tn nhit ra, ng thi c sau rn c th chy du xung di (24)Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.9 Thng s k thut bng ti li inoxNng sut950 kg/h

Kch thc myL3100 - W1100 - H960 mm

Cng sut ng c4,2 Kw

6.6.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duLng nguyn liu lm ngui: 1.589,65 kg/h (theo bng 4.5).S lng thit b: 1.589,65/950 = 1,67; Vy chn 2 ci.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 2 ngi.6.6.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaLng nguyn liu lm ngui: 499,23 kg/h (theo bng 4.10)S lng thit b: 499,23/950 = 0,53; Vy chn 1 ci.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi.6.7. Bng ti co da, phi lCng nhn ng hai bn ly c nguyn liu t dy ai gia co da, phi l bn thnh phm b vo r dy ai trn chuyn i da, xng b xung thng c trc vt chuyn i.u im: - Thc hin c nhiu chc nng nh vn chuyn c (nguyn liu) n c bn thnh phm v u xng.

Hnh 6.8 Bng ti co da, phi l- t tiu tn sc lao ng ca cng nhn, nng sut cao, c tnh chuyn mn ha cao.

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.9 Thng s k thut ca bng ti co da, phi lModelBTFL-16R-K

Nng sut1500 2500 kg/h (16 ngi)

Kch thc10340 L 1220 W 850 H

Ngun in cung cp220/380 V, 50 Hz

in nng tiu th2,2 KW

Vt liu ch toInox 304, vt liu khc

6.7.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duLng nguyn liu em co da, phi l: 1573,75 kg/h. (theo bng 4.5).Mi cng nhn trung bnh co da, phi l c 55 kg.S cng nhn cn: 1573,75/55 = 28,61 ngi. Chn 29 ngi.S lng bng ti cn l: 29/16 = 1,81 bng ti. Chn 2 bng ti.6.7.2. C ng hp st c chuaLng nguyn liu em co da, phi l: 399,39 kg/h. (theo bng 4.10).Mi cng nhn trung bnh co da, phi l c 53 kg.S cng nhn cn: 399,39/55 = 7,26 ngi. Chn 8 ngi.S lng bng ti cn l: 8/16 = 0,5 bng ti. Chn 1 bng ti.6.8. Bn ct khc

Hnh 6.9 Bn mt phng BCBP1-1.5-H-4

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.10 Thng s k thut ca bn mt phng BCBP1-1.5-H-4ModelBCBP1-1.5-H-4

Sc cha100 kg

Kch thc2300L - 1100W - 800H (mm)

B dy1,5 mm

6.8.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duLng nguyn liu cng on ny: 1.259,00 kg/h (theo bng 4.5) Mi cng nhn trung bnh ct khc c: 65 kg/h. S cng nhn cn: 1.259,00/65 = 19,37 ngi. Chn 20 ngi. S lng bn cn l: 36/8 = 2,5 bn. Chn 3 bn. S cng nhn vn chuyn trong cng on ct khc l 3 ngi. Vy s lng cng nhn trong cng on ny l: 20 + 3 = 23 ngi.6.8.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaLng nguyn liu cng on ny: 395,39 kg/h (theo bng 4.10).Mi cng nhn trung bnh ct khc c: 62 kg/h.S cng nhn cn: 395,39/62 = 6,38 ngi. Chn 7 ngi. S lng bn cn l: 7/8 = 0,88 bn. Chn 1 bn.S cng nhn vn chuyn trong cng on ct khc l 1 ngi.Vy s lng cng nhn trong cng on ny l: 7 + 1 = 8 ngi.6.9. My d kim loi

Hnh 6.10 My d kim loi dng bng ti PHANTOM 500400

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.11 Thng s k thut ca my d kim loi PHANTOM 500400ModelPHANTOM 500400

Chiu cao u d380 mm

Chiu rng u d500 mm

Chiu rng bng ti450 mm

Mn hnh hin thSTN LCD

Lu d liuFlash ram (khng dng pin)

B nh sn phm99 sn phm

Phng php d tmTn s kp

Vn tc bng ti10 50 m/pht (thay i c)

Trng lng sn phm1 80.000 g

Khi pht hin kim loiDng bng ti, h ci, n bo sng

Ngun in220 V, 1 Pha, 50/60 Hz

6.9.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duLng nguyn liu c cn d l: 1.246,41 kg/h (theo bng 4.5)S lng my d kim loi:

Vy chn 1 my.S lng cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi.6.9.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaLng nguyn liu c cn d l: 394,99 kg/h (theo bng 4.10)S lng my d kim loi:

Vy chn 1 my.S lng cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi.6.10. Bn dng x cDng bn mt phng BCBP1-1.5-H-4Lng nguyn liu cng on ny: 1.245,17 kg/h (theo bng 4.5)Mi cng nhn trung bnh x c: 30 kg/h.S cng nhn cn: 1.245,17/30 = 41,51 ngi. Chn 42 ngi. S lng bn cn l: 42/8 = 5,25 bn. Chn 6 bn.S cng nhn vn chuyn trong cng on x l l 6 ngi.Vy s lng cng nhn trong cng on ny l: 42 + 6 = 48 ngi.6.11. My vo hp

Hnh 6.11 My ng c vo hp STP 2001

Thng s k thut:

Bng 6.12 Thng s k thut ca my ng c vo hp STP 2001

ModelSTP 2001

ng knh hp65 99 mm

Chiu cao hp35 70 mm

Cng sut9000 hp/h

Trng lng my2050 kg

Motor5 H.P.

6.11.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duNh my s dng hp c khi lng tnh 353 g, trong lng c hng chim 70 %. Nn 1 lon lng c hng cn ng vo l:

Theo tnh ton nh my sn xut:

S my ng c vo hp cn s dng: 4.791,67/9000 = 0,53 my.Vy ta chn 1 my.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi.6.11.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaNh my s dng hp c khi lng tnh 353 g, trong lng c ng chim 70 %. Nn 1 lon lng c ng cn ng vo l:

Theo tnh ton nh my sn xut:

S my ng c vo hp cn s dng: 527,54/9000 = 0,06 my.Vy ta chn 1 my.S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi. 6.12. My rt hp

Hnh 6.12 - My rt hp Nguyn tc hot ng: thit b bao gm nhiu vi phun, hot ng theo nguyn l thay i th tch vi piston trung tm dch chuyn qua li. - Thng s k thut:

Bng 5.14 - Thng s k thut ca my chit rtNng sut15000 hp/h

Chiu cao bng ti800 940 mm

Kch thc thng cha1000L - 1000W - 700H mm

Kch thc my3025L - 1050W - 1400H mm

6.12.1. Vi sn phm c hng hp ngm duNh my s dng hp c khi lng tnh 353 g, trong lng du chim 30 %. Nn 1 lon lng du cn rt l:

Khi lng ring ca du n l 800 kg/m3. Nh vy 1 lt du = 0,8 kg cho nn lng st du rt v 1 lon l:

Theo tnh ton nh my sn xut:

S my rt cn s dng: 4.791,67/15.000 = 0,32 myVy ta chn 1 my rt. S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi.6.12.2. Vi sn phm c ng hp st c chuaNh my s dng hp c khi lng tnh 353 g, trong lng nc st chim 30 %. Nn 1 lon lng st cn rt l:

Theo tnh ton nh my sn xut:

S my rt cn s dng: 527,54/15.000 = 0,04 myVy ta chn 1 my rt. S cng nhn trong cng on ny: 1 ngi.

ti: Thit k nh my ch bin hp thy snSVTH: Trng Vn Tm