Chp 22: Religion, Chp 22: Religion, Politics & Oil Politics & Oil Islam Islam Monotheistic religion Monotheistic religion Based on the teaching of the Based on the teaching of the prophet Muhammad prophet Muhammad Believe in the Old Testament of the Believe in the Old Testament of the Bible, (descendants of Abraham) but Bible, (descendants of Abraham) but do not recognize the Jewish or do not recognize the Jewish or Christian faith as accurate Christian faith as accurate Study the Koran Study the Koran
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Chp 22: Religion, Politics & Oil Islam Monotheistic religion Monotheistic religion Based on the teaching of the prophet Muhammad Based on the teaching.
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IslamIslam Monotheistic religionMonotheistic religion Based on the teaching of the prophet Based on the teaching of the prophet
MuhammadMuhammad Believe in the Old Testament of the Bible, Believe in the Old Testament of the Bible,
(descendants of Abraham) but do not (descendants of Abraham) but do not recognize the Jewish or Christian faith as recognize the Jewish or Christian faith as accurateaccurate
Study the KoranStudy the Koran
Take Five…Take Five…
What are the five pillars of faith?What are the five pillars of faith?
Five Pillars of FaithFive Pillars of Faith
(1)(1) Faith—all believers must testify to the Faith—all believers must testify to the statement of faith—”There is no God but Allah, statement of faith—”There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”
(2)(2) Prayer—facing east (Mecca) 5 times a day—Prayer—facing east (Mecca) 5 times a day—the mosque or where ever else at prayer timethe mosque or where ever else at prayer time
(3)(3) Charity—support the poorCharity—support the poor(4)(4) Fasting—Holy month of Ramadan—do not eat Fasting—Holy month of Ramadan—do not eat
or drink from sunrise to sunsetor drink from sunrise to sunset(5)(5) Pilgrimage—(Hajj) to Mecca at least once in Pilgrimage—(Hajj) to Mecca at least once in
their lifetimetheir lifetime
““Unwritten Codes” of IslamUnwritten Codes” of Islam
Do not eat porkDo not eat pork Do not drink alcohol or take drugsDo not drink alcohol or take drugs Do not look at or participate in Do not look at or participate in
pornographypornography
MeccaMecca
Take Five…Take Five…
Why is Mecca so important? What other Why is Mecca so important? What other religions claim heritage to this region?religions claim heritage to this region?
So…what’s with the black box?So…what’s with the black box?
The Spread of Islam--CrusadesThe Spread of Islam--Crusades
The rise and fall of the Ottoman EmpireThe rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire
Colonization and Imperialism Colonization and Imperialism
Take Five…Take Five…
Look at the chart on pg 505—what are the Look at the chart on pg 505—what are the top 3 middle eastern oil producing top 3 middle eastern oil producing countries? What percentage of oil income countries? What percentage of oil income is their GDP?is their GDP?
The Unification of Saudi ArabiaThe Unification of Saudi Arabia
King Abdul al King Abdul al
Aziz Ibn SaudAziz Ibn Saud
Unites the regionUnites the region
Becomes SaudiBecomes Saudi
Arabia in 1932Arabia in 1932
Oil discovered inOil discovered in
19361936
TheocraciesTheocracies
Government based on the teachings of the Government based on the teachings of the KoranKoran Saudi Arabia=monarchy of the royal Saud Saudi Arabia=monarchy of the royal Saud
familyfamily IranIran Iraq=moving towards a democracyIraq=moving towards a democracy
Women in the Middle EastWomen in the Middle East Many must wear the veilMany must wear the veil Cannot be photographedCannot be photographed Must not be married to more Must not be married to more
than one manthan one man Are considered the property of Are considered the property of
their fathers, husbands, their fathers, husbands, uncles, other male family uncles, other male family membersmembers
Cannot vote, drive, hold Cannot vote, drive, hold government jobs or any jobs government jobs or any jobs outside the homeoutside the home
Can be punished—even to Can be punished—even to death—by their male family death—by their male family membersmembers
Queen Rania of JordanQueen Rania of Jordan
Shifting away from Shifting away from more traditional roles more traditional roles for women to new for women to new modern ideas in modern ideas in SOME areas…SOME areas…
In Class Assignment…In Class Assignment…
Complete the Chp 22 Assessment on pg Complete the Chp 22 Assessment on pg 522-523522-523 A, B and Main IdeasA, B and Main Ideas
Take FiveTake Five
Complete the skill builder questions on pg Complete the skill builder questions on pg 512512
Oil Dominates the Middle EastOil Dominates the Middle East
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia & the United Arab Kuwait, Saudi Arabia & the United Arab Emirates = largest produces of oilEmirates = largest produces of oil
OPEC= Organization of Petroleum OPEC= Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (12 countries)Exporting Countries (12 countries) Control worldwide oil pricesControl worldwide oil prices Including : Qatar, Iran & IraqIncluding : Qatar, Iran & Iraq
OPECOPEC
Take Five…Take Five…
From the graph…which country has the From the graph…which country has the largest percentage of exporting oil with largest percentage of exporting oil with OPEC?OPEC?
Modern Day Middle EastModern Day Middle East
Souks have been replaced by modern day Souks have been replaced by modern day buying and sellingbuying and selling
Roughly 70% of the population are Roughly 70% of the population are projected to be urban by 2015 verses the projected to be urban by 2015 verses the Bedouins of the pastBedouins of the past
Workers have become more educated to Workers have become more educated to meet the needs of the technological agemeet the needs of the technological age
Foreign workers brought in to complete Foreign workers brought in to complete jobsjobs
Eastern MediterraneanEastern Mediterranean
Religious Tensions over JerusalemReligious Tensions over JerusalemMuslimsMuslims= 3= 3rdrd most holy city most holy cityJewsJews=Capital of Israel—historic homeland. =Capital of Israel—historic homeland. Temple Mount housed Solomon’s First TempleTemple Mount housed Solomon’s First Temple—still pray at the remains of the Second Temple —still pray at the remains of the Second Temple destroyed by Rome in 70 ADdestroyed by Rome in 70 ADChristiansChristians=historic holy city of Abraham and =historic holy city of Abraham and crucifixion of Jesuscrucifixion of Jesus
Western Wall of 2Western Wall of 2ndnd Temple Ruins Temple Ruins
Dome of the RockDome of the Rock
Religious symbolismReligious symbolism
Western wall—remains of the 2Western wall—remains of the 2ndnd Temple Temple constructed before the Roman Empireconstructed before the Roman Empire
Dome of the rock—Jews & Christians Dome of the rock—Jews & Christians believe the sight of Abraham’s sacrifice of believe the sight of Abraham’s sacrifice of Issac; Muslims believe the sight where Issac; Muslims believe the sight where Muhammad ascended into heavenMuhammad ascended into heaven
The Zionist movementThe Zionist movement
Great Britain controlled Palestine prior to WWI Great Britain controlled Palestine prior to WWI during Imperialismduring Imperialism
12% of the population of Palestine were Jewish 12% of the population of Palestine were Jewish (1914)(1914)
British allowed Jewish immigration to PalestineBritish allowed Jewish immigration to Palestine1939 G. Britain stopped Jewish immigration due to 1939 G. Britain stopped Jewish immigration due to
Arab conflict Arab conflict The creation of the Jewish state of IsraelThe creation of the Jewish state of Israel1948 after WWII, Israel was given to the Jewish 1948 after WWII, Israel was given to the Jewish
people by the United Nations and Palestine was people by the United Nations and Palestine was divided into 2 statesdivided into 2 states
Osama bin Laden & al-Qaeda terroristsOsama bin Laden & al-Qaeda terrorists
The Great Divide—Islam dividedThe Great Divide—Islam divided
SunniSunni The Caliphate should The Caliphate should
lead the Islamic lead the Islamic religionreligion
Shi’iteShi’ite The followers of Ali—The followers of Ali—
direct descendants of direct descendants of Muhammad should Muhammad should lead the Islamic lead the Islamic religionreligion
Muhammad died Muhammad died without a male heir—without a male heir—his son in law (also his his son in law (also his cousin) was the cousin) was the closest male heirclosest male heir
Chp 23Chp 23
Today’s Issues for Southwest AsiaToday’s Issues for Southwest Asia
Population RelocationPopulation Relocation War ravaged areas left behind refugeesWar ravaged areas left behind refugees Refugees cannot return homeRefugees cannot return home
Example: Kurds—pushed out of Iraq, Afghanistan, Example: Kurds—pushed out of Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkey, Syria and IranTurkey, Syria and Iran
Genocide of Kurds by Saddam Hussein Genocide of Kurds by Saddam Hussein Estimated 70,000 Kurds displaced and living in Estimated 70,000 Kurds displaced and living in
refugee camps in 2000refugee camps in 2000 Example: Palestinians—relocated from their homes Example: Palestinians—relocated from their homes
in Israel due to their Arab heritagein Israel due to their Arab heritage Palestinians living on the West Bank and in the Gaza Palestinians living on the West Bank and in the Gaza
Strip—displaced from their homes in now Israel=3.6 Strip—displaced from their homes in now Israel=3.6 million living in refugee camps (2005)million living in refugee camps (2005)
UN Resolution 194UN Resolution 194
““Palestinians have the right to return…”Palestinians have the right to return…”
Pros and Cons of Oil Rich AreasPros and Cons of Oil Rich Areas
ProsPros Great wealth from oil profitsGreat wealth from oil profits Rapid urbanization from oil profitsRapid urbanization from oil profits
ConsCons Conflict over oil fields—has led to warConflict over oil fields—has led to war Rapid urbanization requires skilled & Rapid urbanization requires skilled &
educated workforce as well as unskilled educated workforce as well as unskilled workersworkers• ““Guest workers”Guest workers”
Guest workersGuest workers
Skilled workers=Europe, U.S. other Skilled workers=Europe, U.S. other advanced societiesadvanced societies
Unskilled workers=South and East AsiaUnskilled workers=South and East Asia Mostly undesirable workMostly undesirable work Ex: 1999, 90% of the UAE workforce was Ex: 1999, 90% of the UAE workforce was
made up of immigrantsmade up of immigrants Immigrant issues—language barriers, cultural Immigrant issues—language barriers, cultural
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Conflicts with “guest workers”Conflicts with “guest workers”
Conflicts over cultural differencesConflicts over cultural differences Immigrants may find themselves in prison Immigrants may find themselves in prison
without any legal recoursewithout any legal recourse Immigrants have few rightsImmigrants have few rights Immigrants may not be paid in a timely Immigrants may not be paid in a timely
manner or even not at all—cannot return manner or even not at all—cannot return to their home countryto their home country
Living in separate areas of the countryLiving in separate areas of the country
www.foxnews.comwww.foxnews.com American Workers Urged to Leave Saudi ArabiaAmerican Workers Urged to Leave Saudi Arabia Tuesday, June 15, 2004Tuesday, June 15, 2004 WASHINGTON — The U.S. government renewed its call on Monday for WASHINGTON — The U.S. government renewed its call on Monday for
Americans to leave Saudi Arabia (Americans to leave Saudi Arabia (searchsearch) after the recent terrorist ) after the recent terrorist attacks, saying the safety of U.S. workers was more important than any attacks, saying the safety of U.S. workers was more important than any effect on oil supplies or the Saudi economy.effect on oil supplies or the Saudi economy.
An estimated 35,000 Americans have been working in Saudi Arabia An estimated 35,000 Americans have been working in Saudi Arabia and it was unclear how many have left since the increase in attacks, and it was unclear how many have left since the increase in attacks, which have come at the same time the Bush administration has been which have come at the same time the Bush administration has been pressing the Saudis to boost oil production to help lower gas prices in pressing the Saudis to boost oil production to help lower gas prices in the United States.the United States.
Referring to U.S. workers in Saudi Arabia, State Department (Referring to U.S. workers in Saudi Arabia, State Department (searchsearch) spokesman Richard Boucher said, "We first and foremost have a ) spokesman Richard Boucher said, "We first and foremost have a responsibility to Americans. We need to give them our best advice on how responsibility to Americans. We need to give them our best advice on how to handle any particular situation overseas."to handle any particular situation overseas."
Workers compound in Saudi ArabiaWorkers compound in Saudi Arabia
Take Five…Take Five…
Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 526526
Oil Wealth Fuels ChangeOil Wealth Fuels Change
““black gold”=Strategic commodityblack gold”=Strategic commodity 64% of the world’s oil deposits64% of the world’s oil deposits 34% of the world’s natural gas34% of the world’s natural gas Variable oil prices leads to unstable Variable oil prices leads to unstable
economieseconomies
Using Oil Wealth to DiversifyUsing Oil Wealth to Diversify
Using the profits from oil to make modern Using the profits from oil to make modern day improvementsday improvements
Improvements in InfrastructureImprovements in Infrastructure New roads, airports, irrigation networks, New roads, airports, irrigation networks,
desalinization plants, information technology desalinization plants, information technology systems etc…systems etc…
Using Oil Wealth to DiversifyUsing Oil Wealth to Diversify
Using oil profits to create new economic Using oil profits to create new economic opportunities besides oilopportunities besides oil
Agriculture improvements with irrigation Agriculture improvements with irrigation systems, wells and desalinization plantssystems, wells and desalinization plants
Developing mines for copper and other Developing mines for copper and other mineralsminerals
Investing in education—even women in Investing in education—even women in many countriesmany countries
Complete the mental map…Complete the mental map…
Draw a mental map of the shape of the Middle Draw a mental map of the shape of the Middle East…East…
Then, using the blank map provided, find the Then, using the blank map provided, find the following locations:following locations:
Work in groups of no more than 4 to Work in groups of no more than 4 to complete the case study at the end of Chp complete the case study at the end of Chp 23 in your textbook—will go in your 23 in your textbook—will go in your portfolioportfolio