CHLORINE GAS Per gallon of water treated, possibly the safest form of residual disinfection.

CHLORINE GASCHLORINE GASPer gallon of water treated, Per gallon of water treated, possibly the safest form of possibly the safest form of

residual disinfectionresidual disinfection

Emotion And Misinformation Driving Emotion And Misinformation Driving Shift To Alternative DisinfectantsShift To Alternative Disinfectants

Ignoring historical facts Ignoring historical facts Misguided regulationsMisguided regulations Inaccurate government databasesInaccurate government databases ““BHOPAL SYNDROME” & worst case scenariosBHOPAL SYNDROME” & worst case scenarios Misuse and generic use of the word “Chlorine” Misuse and generic use of the word “Chlorine” Safety and health risks associated with the Safety and health risks associated with the

alternativesalternatives

A Long History Of Making A Long History Of Making The Technology SafeThe Technology Safe

Vacuum Feed TechnologyVacuum Feed Technology Chlorine InstituteChlorine Institute An innovative industry developed many An innovative industry developed many

safety devicessafety devices

Well Intended But Misguided Well Intended But Misguided Regulations Are Causing FearRegulations Are Causing Fear

RMPRMPFIFRAFIFRA

Government Databases On Chlorine Government Databases On Chlorine Incidents Are MeaninglessIncidents Are Meaningless

Release quantities onlyRelease quantities only Don’t differentiate between industriesDon’t differentiate between industries No injury or death dataNo injury or death data Suspect database info is largely Hypo Suspect database info is largely Hypo

accidentsaccidents

We Are Beginning To Collect We Are Beginning To Collect Historical Facts Specific To Our IndustryHistorical Facts Specific To Our Industry

Newspaper clippingsNewspaper clippings CI and other trade associationsCI and other trade associations Membership and end usersMembership and end users

Misuse Of The Word “Chlorine”Misuse Of The Word “Chlorine”

400 “Chlorine” accidents in newspaper400 “Chlorine” accidents in newspaper

Media and layperson use “Chlorine” to describe hypo Media and layperson use “Chlorine” to describe hypo accidentsaccidents

65% of Chlorine accidents are hypo65% of Chlorine accidents are hypo

50% of hypo accidents use “Chlorine” in headline50% of hypo accidents use “Chlorine” in headline

Damages reputation of Chlorine gas disinfectionDamages reputation of Chlorine gas disinfection

Safety issues with alternative Safety issues with alternative disinfectantsdisinfectants

Calcium Hypochlorite: Gas releases, fires, Calcium Hypochlorite: Gas releases, fires, explosions explosions

Sodium Hypochlorite: gas releases when Sodium Hypochlorite: gas releases when combined with other chemicalcombined with other chemical

Onsite generation: Detonation of hydrogenOnsite generation: Detonation of hydrogen

35%

35%30%

Calcium Hypo

Sodium Hypo

CompressedCl2 Gas

MEDIA REPORTED MEDIA REPORTED “CHLORINE” INCIDENTS“CHLORINE” INCIDENTS

Compressed Chlorine Gas Compressed Chlorine Gas IncidentsIncidents

Only 35 to 40% of “chlorine accidents” Only 35 to 40% of “chlorine accidents” involve compressed gasinvolve compressed gas

Compressed Chlorine Gas IncidentsCompressed Chlorine Gas Incidents

20%

50%

30%

Water

Industrial

SwimmingPools

Source of LeakSource of Leak

75%

15%

10% LeadGasket

ValvePacking

Other

Type Of Vessel InvolvedType Of Vessel Involved

150 lb. Cylinders

Ton Containers

Railcars

Chlorine Incident StatisticsChlorine Incident Statistics Majority of events occurred when the tanks were being Majority of events occurred when the tanks were being

changed out. changed out.

Majority of the “quantities released” were less than 25 Majority of the “quantities released” were less than 25 lbs. lbs.

There were 3 releases over 300 lbs There were 3 releases over 300 lbs

2 water treatment plant operator fatalities since 1979 2 water treatment plant operator fatalities since 1979 (both asthmatic)(both asthmatic)

Zero offsite fatalities going back to 1959Zero offsite fatalities going back to 1959

More Concerns With AlternativesMore Concerns With Alternatives

Chlorate and Bromate formation are Chlorate and Bromate formation are greater concern when using hypogreater concern when using hypo

CA may require NSF grade salt for onsite CA may require NSF grade salt for onsite generators generators

EPA is now beginning to look into the EPA is now beginning to look into the regulation of “reactives”regulation of “reactives”

Chlorine gas is possibly the safest Chlorine gas is possibly the safest form of disinfection availableform of disinfection available

Eliminate emotionEliminate emotion Clarify misinformationClarify misinformation Analyze historical data and statisticsAnalyze historical data and statistics