Children’s Categorization and the Design of Taxonomic Categories in Search Engines Dania Bilal and Peiling Wang [email protected] [email protected] School of Information Sciences University of Tennessee 451 Communications Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996
Dec 25, 2015
Children’s Categorization and the Design of Taxonomic Categories in Search Engines
Dania Bilal and Peiling [email protected]
School of Information SciencesUniversity of Tennessee
451 Communications Bldg.Knoxville, TN 37996
LIDA 2003, May 25-30 Dubrovnik, Croatia
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A Specific Cognitive View of the Mind and Categorization
“The structures used to put together our conceptual systems grow out of bodily experience and make sense in terms of it…The core of our conceptual systems is directly grounded in perception, body movement, and experience of a physical and social character” (Lakoff, 1987, p.xiv”).
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Purpose of the Study Examine children’s cognitive
structure of specific categories. Map children’s conceptual structure
of the categories to the existing taxonomic categories in Web search engines.
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Research Question I
What conceptual structure do childrengenerate for specific categories used
in Yahooligans! and KidsClick!?
Sub-questions Intra-consistency vs. inter-consistency Depth and breadth of hierarchical structure Number of concepts included and excluded Number of concepts misarranged
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Research Question II
How does children’s conceptual structure for the specific categories map to Yahooligans! and KidsClick! categories?
Sub-questions Concept overlap between children’s maps and Yahooligans! Concept overlap between children’s maps and KidsClick! Depth of hierarchies between children’s maps and Yahooligans! Depth of hierarchies between children’s maps and KidsClick!
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Method Construct-A-Map From Scratch
Technique (Ruiz-Primo, et. al., 2001) Parental permission was requested
for 30 middle school children; 13 were granted. Two children participated in pilot testing, resulting in 11 children in the final sample.
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Selection of Categories Yahooligans!: Science and Nature
Three levels of depth; nine concepts Concrete concepts
KidsClick!: Family and Health Two levels of depth; eight concepts Abstract concepts
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Procedures Data were collected in May 2001 and
took six sessions Three sessions - categories from
Yahooligans! Three sessions - categories from KidsClick!
Research team One researcher, two school librarians, and
one trained graduate student
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Procedures Yahooligans! and KidsClick!
sessions
Session 1: card sorting Session 2: drawing concept maps Session 3: individual interviews
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Yahooligans! Conceptual map
Science & Nature
Space Animals
Astronomy Reptiles & Amphibians Extinct Animals
Solar System Turtles Dinosaurs
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KidsClick! Conceptual map
Health & Family
Medicine
Hospitals Diseases
Adoption
DisabilitiesFamily Life Exercise
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Results
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Intra- & Inter-consistency
Engine Intra-consistencyMaps 1 & 2
Percentage (%)
(n=11)
Inter-consistencyMap 2
Percentage (%)
(n=11)
Yahooligans! X 45 X 56
KidsClick! X 64 X 27
Y & K N/A N/A X 18
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Characteristics of Children’s Maps vs. those of Engines
Children’s concept maps
Concepts Yahooligans!Mean value
(n=11)
Yahooligans!Concept map characteristics
Concepts KidsClick!Mean value
(n=11
KidsClick!Concept map characteristics
Highest depth 3.91 4 4.18 3
Lowest depth 3.27 4 2.91 2
Breadth, level 1 1.18 1 1.09 1
Breadth, level 2 2.36 2 2.18 4
Terms included 8.9 9 8.45 8
Terms excluded 1.09 1 1.54 2
Terms misarranged
2.36 N/A 5.54 N/A
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Accuracy of Categorization
Yahooligans!Category
Children’s categorization
(%)
KidsClick! Category Children’s categorization
(%)
Level 1: Science and Nature
82 Level 1: Health and Family
45
Level 2: Space; Animals
18 Level 2: Exercise/ Disabilities/ Family Life/ Medicine
0
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Children’s Category Structure Overlap with Yahooligans!
Categories Children codes Number of children
Percentage(%)
Science and Nature—Space--Astronomy 2,6,10 3 27
Science and Nature—Animals—Extinct Animals
1,2,4,6,7,8,9 7 64
Science and Nature—Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians
1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11 8 73
Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians—Turtles
1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11 9 82
Animals—Extinct Animals—Dinosaurs 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 8 73
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Children’s Structure of Sub-categories vs. Yahooligans!
Sub-categories Percentageof children
(%)
Yahooligans! Structure
Astronomy --Space—Solar System 55 Space—Astronomy—Solar System
Space—Solar System/Astronomy 27 Space—Astronomy—Solar System
Astronomy—Solar System/Space .09 Space—Astronomy—Solar System
Astronomy—Solar System—Space .09 Space—Astronomy—Solar System
Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians—Turtles/Animals—Extinct Animals—Dinosaurs*
82 Animals—Reptiles and Amphibians—Turtles/Animals—Extinct Animals--Dinosaurs
*Exact arrangement
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Children’s Category Structure Overlap with KidsClick!
Categories Children codes Number of children
Percentage(%)
Health and Family—Family Life—Adoption 1,2,3,6,7,8,9,11 8 73
Health and Family—Exercise 1,2,3,4,7,10 6 55
Health and Family—Disabilities 10,11 2 18
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Children’s Structure of Sub-categories vs. KidsClick!
Sub-categories Percentage KidsClick! Configuration
Hospitals—Medicine—Disease 27 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease
Hospitals—Medicine 64 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease
Hospitals—Disease—Medicine 27 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease
Hospitals—Disabilities 45 Health and Family—Disabilities
Medicine—Hospitals .09 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease
Medicine—Exercise .09 Medicine—Hospitals/Disease
Medicine—Disabilities .09 Health and Family—Disabilities
Environment—Adoption* .09 Family Life—Adoption
Health and Family—Disabilities 18 Health and Family—Disabilities
Health and Family—Exercise 55 Health and Family—Exercise
Family Life—Adoption 82 Family Life—Adoption
Family Life—Disabilities 18 Health and Family—Disabilities
Adoption—Exercise .09 Family Life—Adoption
Disabilities—Exercise .09 Health and Family—Disabilities
Disease—Disabilities .09 Health and Family—Disabilities
*Odd arrangement.
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To be Discussed
Conclusions