Child discipline Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys- MICS3 Analysis and Report Writing Workshop Panama City, July 12-20, 2006.

Child discipline

Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys- MICS3Analysis and Report Writing Workshop

Panama City, July 12-20, 2006

Rationale

• Aims to measure prevalence of violence at home against children

• Very small empirical evidence and analysis to develop policies, programs and interventions

• Uses as framework the CRC and the protective environment framework approach

• Uses a conflict tactic scale by which parents or adults in general teach children the right behaviour or address a behaviour problem

• MICS3 selected 11 of these tactics to estimate prevalence of violence among children 2-14 years old

Indicators

1. Percentage of children 2-14 years of age with physical and psychological discipline during the month before the survey

2. Percentage of parents/caretakers of children, 2-14 years of age, that believe that in order to bring up (raise, educate) their children properly, they need to physically punish them

Goals World Fit for Children (WFFC)Protecting children against abuse, exploitation and violence and under general protection to

– Encourage all countries to adopt and enforce laws, and improve the implementation of policies and programmes to protect children from all forms of violence, neglect, abuse and exploitation, whether at home, in school or other institutions, in the workplace or in their community

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)The MD declaration calls for the protection of children against abuse, exploitation and violence but no goal, target or indicator is included

Why to measure child discipline?

Reasons:

• Identify the prevalence of discipline methods that are violent in nature and against the integrity of children as well as their characteristics• Evaluate impact of programs and interventions based on trends

Data sources/methods

• Population census• Household surveys

Which is the approach in MICS3?

• Estimation of indicator based on household survey data• Present obtained results by background variables to localize the problem• Promote the design and implementation of further analysis of the main determinants of this practice to help the design of policies and the development of programs and interventions

Violence from discipline(1)

Numerator:Number of children aged 2-14 years that experience,

(1) psychological aggression as punishment, or (2) experience minor physical punishment, or (3) experience severe physical punishment

Denominator: All children 2-14 years of age

Violence from discipline(2)

Numerator:Number of parents/caretakers of children, 2-14 years of

age, that believe that in order to bring up (raise, educate) their children properly, they need to physically punish them

Denominator: Number of parents/caretakers of children, 2-14 years of age

TABLE 1: CHILDREN AGED 2-14 YEARS ELIGIBLE FOR CHILD DISCIPLINE QUES TIONS

Review the household listing and list each of the children aged 2-14 years below in order according to their line number (HL1). Do not include other household members outside of the age range 2-14 years. Record the line number, name, sex, age, and the line number of the mother or caretaker for each child. Then record the total number of children aged 2-14 in the box provided (CD7).

CD1. Rank no.

CD2. Line

no. from HL1.

CD3. Name from HL2.

CD4. Sex from

HL4.

CD5. Age from

HL5.

CD6. Line no. of mother/ caretaker from HL7

or HL8. LINE LINE NAME M F AGE MOTHER

01 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

02 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

03 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

04 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

05 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

06 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

07 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

08 __ __ 1 2 ___ ___ ___ ___

CD7.

TOTAL CHILDREN AGED 2-14 YEARS ___ ___

If there is only one child age 2-14 years in the household, then skip table 2 and go to CD11 to administer child discipline questions for that child.

TABLE 2: S ELECTION OF RANDOM CHILD FOR CHILD DISCIPLINE QUES TIONS

Use this table to select one child between the ages of 2 and 14 years, if there is more than one child in that age range in the household. Look for the last digit of the household number from the cover page. This is the number of the row you should go to in the table below. Check the total number of eligible children (2-14) in CD7 above. This is the number of the column you should go to. Find the box where the row and the column meet and circle the number that appears in the box. This is the rank number of the child about whom the questions will be asked. Record the rank number in CD9 below. Finally, record the line number and name of the selected child in CD11 on the next page. Then, find the mother or primary caretaker of that child, and ask the questions, beginning with CD12.

CD8. TOTAL NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Last digit of the questionnaire number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+

0 1 2 2 4 3 6 5 4 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 6 5 2 1 2 1 2 5 2 7 6 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 7 4 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 8 5 1 1 1 1 3 5 3 1 6 1 2 2 2 4 6 4 2 7 1 1 3 3 5 1 5 3 8 1 2 1 4 1 2 6 4 9 1 1 2 1 2 3 7 5

CD9. Record the rank number of the

selected child from table 2 above Rank number of child ............__ __

CHILD DISCIPLINE MODULE CD CD11. Write name and line no. of the child selected for the module from CD3 and CD2, based on the rank number in CD9.

Name _______________________

CD12. ALL ADULTS USE CERTAIN WAYS TO TEACH CHILDREN THE RIGHT

BEHAVIOUR OR TO ADDRESS A BEHAVIOUR PROBLEM. I WILL READ VARIOUS METHODS THAT ARE USED AND I WANT YOU TO TELL ME IF YOU OR ANYONE ELSE IN YOUR HOUSEHOLD HAS USED THIS METHOD WITH (name) IN THE PAST

MONTH.

CD12A. TOOK AWAY PRIVILEGES, FORBADE SOMETHING (name) LIKED OR DID

NOT ALLOW HIM/HER TO LEAVE HOUSE). Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12B. EXPLAINED WHY SOMETHING (THE BEHAVIOR) WAS WRONG. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12C. SHOOK HIM/HER. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12D. SHOUTED, YELLED AT OR SCREAMED AT HIM/HER. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12E. GAVE HIM/HER SOMETHING ELSE TO DO. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12F. SPANKED, HIT OR SLAPPED HIM/HER ON THE BOTTOM WITH BARE HAND. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12G. HIT HIM/HER ON THE BOTTOM OR ELSEWHERE ON THE BODY WITH SOMETHING LIKE A BELT, HAIRBRUSH, STICK OR OTHER HARD OBJECT.

Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12H. CALLED HIM/HER DUMB, LAZY, OR ANOTHER NAME LIKE THAT. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12I. HIT OR SLAPPED HIM/HER ON THE FACE, HEAD OR EARS. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12J. HIT OR SLAPPED HIM/HER ON THE HAND, ARM, OR LEG. Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD12K. BEAT HIM/HER UP WITH AN IMPLEMENT (HIT OVER AND OVER AS HARD AS ONE COULD).

Yes........................................................1 No..........................................................2

CD13. DO YOU BELIEVE THAT IN ORDER TO BRING UP (RAISE, EDUCATE) (name) PROPERLY, YOU NEED TO PHYSICALLY PUNISH HIM/HER?

Yes ........................................................1 No..........................................................2 DK/no

opinion ..............................................8

CHILD DISCIPLINE MODULE CD Identify eligible child aged 2 to 14 in the household using the tables on the preceding page, according to your instructions. Ask to interview the mother or primary caretaker of the selected child (identified by the line number in CD6). CD11. Write name and line no. of the child selected for the module from CD3 and CD2, based on the rank number in CD9.

Name _____________________________ Line number ........................................ __ __

CD12. ALL ADULTS USE CERTAIN WAYS TO TEACH

CHILDREN THE RIGHT BEHAVIOUR OR TO

ADDRESS A BEHAVIOUR PROBLEM. I WILL READ

VARIOUS METHODS THAT ARE USED AND I WANT YOU TO TELL ME IF YOU OR ANYONE

ELSE IN YOUR HOUSEHOLD HAS USED THIS

METHOD WITH (name) IN THE PAST MONTH.

Indicators: Non-violent discipline: wwww Psychological discipline: xxxxx Minor physical discipline: yyyyy Severe physical discipline: zzzzz

CD12A. TOOK AWAY PRIVILEGES, FORBADE

SOMETHING (name) LIKED OR DID NOT ALLOW

HIM/HER TO LEAVE HOUSE).

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12B. EXPLAINED WHY SOMETHING (THE

BEHAVIOR) WAS WRONG. Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12C. SHOOK HIM/HER. Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12D. SHOUTED, YELLED AT OR SCREAMED AT

HIM/HER. Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12E. GAVE HIM/HER SOMETHING ELSE TO DO. Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12F. SPANKED, HIT OR SLAPPED HIM/HER ON

THE BOTTOM WITH BARE HAND. Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12G. HIT HIM/HER ON THE BOTTOM OR

ELSEWHERE ON THE BODY WITH SOMETHING

LIKE A BELT, HAIRBRUSH, STICK OR OTHER

HARD OBJECT.

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12H. CALLED HIM/HER DUMB, LAZY, OR

ANOTHER NAME LIKE THAT. Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12I. HIT OR SLAPPED HIM/HER ON THE FACE, HEAD OR EARS.

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12J. HIT OR SLAPPED HIM/HER ON THE HAND, ARM, OR LEG.

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD12K. BEAT HIM/HER UP WITH AN IMPLEMENT

(HIT OVER AND OVER AS HARD AS ONE COULD). Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

CD13. DO YOU BELIEVE THAT IN ORDER TO BRING

UP (RAISE, EDUCATE) (name) PROPERLY, YOU

NEED TO PHYSICALLY PUNISH HIM/HER?

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2 Don’t know/no opinion ................................ 8

Which countries included the child discipline module in MICS3?

• 6 out of 7• Belize, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago• Cuba did not• Mongolia?

SPSS Program Generates basic table: CP.4• Specifically, it generate

– distribution of children 2-14 years of age by type of discipline they receive during the month before the survey

– the percentage of children 2-14 years old that have received physical or psychological discipline during the month before the survey

– Percentage of parents/caretakers of children, 2-14 years of age, that believe that in order to bring up (raise, educate) their children properly, they need to physically punish them

Methodological issues

• Needs proper adaptation to the conditions and language of country

• The indicator provides the prevalence of: – non-violent discipline– Psychological discipline/aggression– Minor physical discipline/aggression– Severe physical discipline/aggression

• Since the period of reference is the month before the survey, we may end up with a small number of children 2-14 years who experience either minor physical punishment and/or severe physical punishment

• Sample size should be reviewed when analyzing data

Table CP.4: Child disciplinePercentage of children aged 2-14 years according to method of disciplining the child, Country, Year

17.0 69.7 56.7 17.2 75.0 8.0 13.2 2697

21.8 65.3 50.9 13.4 70.1 8.0 10.3 2481

18.0 69.2 53.1 15.7 74.3 7.7 6.1 1066

11.3 79.4 66.0 21.0 82.6 6.1 16.9 1121

18.5 66.7 48.5 11.0 73.4 8.1 14.9 1011

28.7 59.0 46.9 17.9 63.8 7.4 15.3 1065

20.5 62.3 54.4 10.2 68.2 11.3 4.7 915

18.3 68.4 52.8 16.2 73.1 8.5 9.2 1876

19.9 67.1 54.6 14.9 72.4 7.7 13.3 3302

21.5 57.7 51.9 14.6 64.5 14.0 9.9 1072

17.7 70.8 57.5 16.9 76.0 6.3 12.7 1883

19.6 69.6 52.0 14.5 73.8 6.6 12.0 2223

22.9 63.2 46.8 9.5 68.7 8.4 6.2 536

22.9 67.5 56.6 12.0 69.9 7.2 16.9 83

18.8 68.1 54.7 16.1 73.2 7.9 12.4 4558

.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 1

17.5 69.9 60.2 16.4 75.2 7.3 15.5 895

19.9 68.5 55.5 16.2 72.9 7.2 15.1 874

20.7 64.6 50.8 16.4 70.3 9.0 12.0 922

19.1 66.5 53.9 14.8 72.2 8.7 10.1 1036

19.3 68.2 51.2 14.1 72.9 7.8 8.6 1451

18.9 68.8 54.6 16.5 73.8 7.4 12.1 3623

19.0 68.0 55.6 14.3 74.1 6.9 14.8 931

24.1 65.5 50.0 13.8 70.7 5.2 8.6 58

28.1 54.4 49.1 15.8 59.6 12.3 7.0 57

21.5 59.8 47.0 9.4 64.4 14.2 5.3 508

100.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1

19.3 67.6 53.9 15.4 72.7 8.0 11.8 5178

Male

Female

Sex

Dushanbe

Khatlon

Sogd

RRS

GBAO

Region

Urban

Rural

Residence

2-4 years

5-9 years

10-14 years

Age

None

Primary

Secondary +

Non-standard curriculum

Mother'seducation

Poorest

Second

Middle

Fourth

Richest

Wealthindexquintiles

Tajik

Uzbek

Russian

Kirgiz

Other

Missing

Mothertongue ofhead

Total

Onlynon-violentdiscipline

Psychologicalpunishment

Minor physicalpunishment

Severephysical

punishment

Anypsychological

or physicalpunishment *

No disciplineor

punishment

Percentage of children 2-14 years of age who experience:Mother/caretaker believesthat the childneeds to bephysicallypunished

Number ofchildren aged 2-14 years**

* MICS Indicator 74** Table is based on children aged 2-14 years randomly selected during fieldwork (one child selected per household, if any children in the age range) for whom the questions onchild discipline were administered

Thank you!