Charles Babbage , a Mathematics
professor from England, is
recognized as the Father of the
Computer.
He was born in 1791, and began
designing the difference engine,
in 1821.
The use of this machine was to
do logarithmic calculations
automatically.
Ada Lovelace was born in England on December 10, 1815. She was a mathematician. She worked an invention by Charles Babbage, and was the first computer programmer.
Vacuum Tubes
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Vacuum tube, was first developed by John
Ambrose Fleming in 1904. The vacuum tube is
a glass tube that has its gas removed, creating
a vacuum. Vacuum tubes contain electrodes for
controlling electron flow and were used in
early computers as a switch or an amplifier
1
9
5
8
1
9
4
7
1904
A tablet is smaller than a laptop
but bigger than an cell phone.
It does what most computer do,
but is limited in their
input/output capabilities
Cell
Phone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAx_6-wdslM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCq8-xTH7jA
https://youtu.be/ZoqMiFKspAA(Circuits and Logic)https://youtu.be/USCBCmwMCDA(Work: Binary & Data)https://youtu.be/xnyFYiK2rSY(Hardware and Software)
Microphone mouse
ProcessorHard Drive
Random Access Memory
MonitorPrinter
Hardware are the computer parts like the
CPU, Motherboard, hard drive, RAM.
Software are the programs that make the
computer work like the operating system,
and apps.
•Motherboard
•CPU(Central Processing Unit)
•RAM(Random Access Memory)
•Power Supply
•Hard Drive
The basic part of a computer,
whether it’s a laptop or a
desktop, is a colored printed
circuit board called
Motherboard.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the
brain of a computer. It’s a small chip
placed on the socket of the
motherboard and is responsible for
all the calculations and input/output
operations to be done in order to
process the data
It is a large and permanent storage
space which is used to keep all the
data required by a computer like the
operating system files, songs, videos,
and third-party software files, etc.
When needed, the data is transferred
from the hard drive to the random
access memory (RAM)for being used
by the CPU.
Random Access Memory is one of the
vital parts of a computer. If you take the
RAM chip out of your computer, it won’t
start. It is faster than the hard drives so it
is used as a bridge between the CPU and
the hard drive. It is used to store program
data which is currently used by the CPU.
But RAM suffers from short -term memory
loss.
A computer power supply unit, or
PSU, is the component that supplies
power to a computer
The Harvard Mark 1 was
one of the first electro-
magnetic computers.
Built by IBM, is the size
of a room. Professor
Howard Aiken put it
together. He used
vacuum tubes
technology and
magnetic parts
ENIAC was the fastest
and largest machine of
its time. Was the first
electronic computer
using vacuum
tubes(18,000) to run.
ENIAC was not able to
store programs,
John Bardeen (1908-1991), William B. Shockley
(1910-1989), and Walter H. Brattain (1902-1987)
won a Nobel prize for their invention of the
transistor, which has been called “the most
important invention of the 20th Century
Norbert Wiener had a major
influence on research into AI,
Artificial Intelligence.
But who put the idea of
AI in practice was:
Alan Turing
Alexander
DouglasHe designed one of
the earliest computer
games: a version of
Tic-Tac-Toe, called
OXO
They invented the IC, or Integrated Circuit. The
impact of this tiny chip is being used in most of
our products today. The chip created the
modern computer industry, transforming the
room-sized machines into minicomputers and
PC, or Personal Computers.An IC is a collection of electronic components –
resistors, transistors, capacitors, etc. – all stuffed
into a tiny chip, and connected together to
achieve a common goal.
Gordon Bell and Edson Castro
developed the PDP-8:
First minicomputer
1904…Vacuum Tube1944Mark 1(First
electromagnetic computer)1946Eniac(First electronic
computer)1947…Transistor1948Artificial Intelligence1953First computer game: Tic-
Tac-Toe1958…Integrated Circuit1960First minicomputer
1975First PC and came as a kit that you
put together(Bill Gates and Paul Allen
wrote the program and formed Microsoft)
1976First Apple computer(Wozniak) as
a kit
1977First completely finished
computer by Apple(Wozniak and Jobs)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=P
LzdnOPI1iJNfMRZm5DDxco3UdsFegvuB7
IBM’s computer Deep Blue defeated c
chess champion, Garry Kasparov in 1997.
It was able to gain a competitive
advantage because it examined 200
million possible moves each second. A
quantum machine would be able to
calculate 1 trillion moves per second!
Test Yourself!
The following test allows you to compare your IQ with that of World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov. The ten questions are based on a test he took.
1. Which is the odd one out?Salmon, whale, shark, trout, pike
2. Insert the two missing numbers:6,9,18,21,42,45,??,??
3. Which is the odd one out?Venus, Saturn, Hermes, Pluto, Uranus
4. Choose the word to complete the sentence:Hearing is to acoustics as seeing is to ????????
5. Complete the row of numbers:3,5,8,13,22,??
6. Who is the odd one out?Haydn, Mahler, Aristotle, Brahms, Stravinsky
7. Which is the odd one out?Paris, Washington, Oslo, Cairo, Bombay, Rio de Janeiro, Berlin
8. Which is the odd number out?625,361,256,197,144
9. Insert the missing letter:B,E,?,Q,Z
10. Complete the following number sequence:4, 6, 9, 137, 10, 15, ??
Whale. The whale is the only mammal.2. 90, 93. The numbers alternately increase by 3 or double.3. Hermes. All the others are planets in the solar system.4. Optics. Acoustics is the science of sound, optics of light.5. 39. Each subsequent number is obtained by doubling the previous one and then subtracting a number which increments by one each time (e.g. 3x2 - 1 = 5; 5x2 - 2 = 8; 8x2 - 3 = 13 etc.)6. Aristotle. All the others are composers.7. Rio de Janeiro. Rio is in the southern hemisphere. All the others are in the northern hemisphere.8. 197. All the other numbers are perfect squares.9. J. If the letters are replaced by their position in the alphabet, we get the sequence 2, 5, 10, 17, 26. Each of these numbers is a square number plus one.10. 22. The upper row numbers increment by 2, 3 and 4. The lower row by 3, 5 and 7.
Now check your score against the following chart:
Correct answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10IQ rating 82 90 98 106 115 124 133 142 151 160
Scoring 100 is average, while 130 is in the genius range (see chapter 1 of the book). Kasparov took a similar test and registered an IQ of 135.
First Xbox hit the market.
Cost $299-$399
Halo came Nov 15, 2001
Remember when IBM’s computer Deep
Blue defeated chess champion, Garry
Kasparov in 1997? It was able to gain a
competitive advantage because it
examined 200 million possible moves
each second. A quantum machine would
be able to calculate 1 trillion moves per
second!