Chapter9 Flexible Universal and Accessible Design for Products, Services, and Processes 김김김
Jan 20, 2016
Chapter9 Flexible
Universal and Accessible Design for Products, Services, and Processes
김희진
Contents
Chapter goals Flexible
Principle Discussion Strategies A design challenge
Conclusions
Chapter goals
State the flexible universal design principle and strategies Discuss the relationship between flexibility and assistive
technology Explore the design trade-offs between flexibility and
complexity
Flexible
Design products, systems, and environments with enough flexibility so that they can be used and experienced by people of all abilities, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations.
Principle
Discussion
Flexibility Complexity Performanc
eCost
Multiple choices
Adjustability
Assistive technologies(ATs) compatibility
Flexibility result from
Design strategies
Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices
Strategy 12.1: Provide the user with a choice of language(English, French, etc.)
Strategy 12.2: Provide the user with a choice of mode for communication
Strategy 12.3: Ensure compatibility with appropriate assistive technology
Strategy 13: Provide adjustability and mobility
Strategy 13.1: Provide ergonomic and environmental adjustability
Strategy 13.2: Provide perceptual adjustability
Strategy 13.3: Provide adjustable response times
Strategy 14: Build flexibility into service delivery systems and work processes
Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices Strategy 12.1: Provide the user with a choice of language(English,
French, etc.)
Allow users to select the language of choice Global markets are forcing not only multinational corporations but
everyone doing business globally to be responsive to the languages used to present a product or service
Ex_1) The European Union(EU) website ( http://europa.eu/index_en.htm )
Ex_2) Operating instructions of Electronic and information technology product
At least 3~4 languages Agilent’s Quick Help system provide help message in 11 languages
Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices Strategy 12.2: Provide the user with a choice of mode for
communication
Allow users to select the mode of interaction: visual, auditory, Braille, sign language, etc.
Examples Television sets have the option of displaying captioning Computers are starting to offer text-to-voice programs as part of their standard
package Use of signing avatar
(animated figures that provide sign language presentations of information )
Voice recognition Growing demand for “hands-free mobile phone” operation
UK has legislation requiring hands-free mobile phone operations for driver A number of companies are selling Bluetooth voice recognition kits for
hands-free use
Using voice recognition provides benefits to both non-impaired (hands-free phone use while driving) and impaired users (access to phone service)
Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices Strategy 12.3: Ensure compatibility with appropriate assistive
technology(AT)
Ensure that appropriate ATs can be effectively used with the designed entity
Controversial issues Who is responsible for ensuring the compatibility?
the designer & manufacturer of products and services ? the designer and manufacturer of the assistive technology?
Who must change their design so as to avoid interference?
ATIA (The Assistive Technology Industry Association) ATIA is a trade association of the manufacturers and suppliers of
assistive technology. Address legally mandated compatibility requirements The longer-term issues of compatibility across all products and services,
whether covered by legal mandates or not http://www.atia.org/
Strategy 13: Provide adjustability and mobility
Strategy 13.1: Provide ergonomic and environmental adjustability
Allow users to adjust the entity to their individual environmental preferences and body size and shape
Car Adjustable seats, steering wheels, floor pedal positioning, and mirror
positions The driver can select either a digital display or an analog display for
speed, temperature, pressure, etc. Housing
Flexible layout Providing multiple options for use of space and an infrastructure
that supports quick and easy accommodations Home automation
Allowing disabled people to remain as independent as possible Reducing disabling pressures of the environments
Strategy 13: Provide adjustability and mobility
Strategy 13.2: Provide perceptual adjustability
The designed entity should allow users to adjust signals for their own sensory needs
Strategy 13.3: Provide adjustable response times
If possible and reasonable, allow users to determines their own response times to product or process queries and control functions
Sticky Key It provide a way to perform simultaneous key operations sequentially
rather than together People who can only type with one hand, or use a mouth-stick, head
pointer, or eye-gaze system for keyboard access find this a valuable options
Double-click speed Computer users can adjust the “double-click speed” of a mouse
Strategy 14: Build flexibility into services
Strategy 14: Build flexibility into service delivery systems and work processes
Services provided to consumers must provide flexibility along several dimensions
A design challenge
Flexibility vs. Complexity The need to provide affordances, mapping, and feedback
so as to inform the user
Ex) Designing HDTV What languages and how many languages do we utilize?
Communicating all options to the consumer Flexibility vs. errors
Many Human factor options Accessibility: standard volume, brightness, closed captioning Preference : screen format from full, wide, zoom, zoom-wide
Conclusions
Flexibility increases the likelihood that the designed entity will be used and experienced by the greatest number of people to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations.
Providing choices and adjustability(including compatibility with assistive technology) are the most fundamental strategies for achieving flexibility
Flexibility can be considered a double-edged sword Flexibility can enhance human functioning and performance from the
ergonomic, perceptual, and cognitive perspective But complexity
Case- Flexible layout
http://www.dbarchitect.com/project_detail/82/601%20Fourth%20Street%20Lofts.html
http://coolboom.net/en/2007/10/19/house-and-office-by-nu-architectuuratelier/
House & office Loft layout