Chapter1and2 Prehistory Egypt 004

• 1. Coach Morgans World HistoryChapters 1 and 2

2. 3. 1 stSix Weeks Prehistory And Ancient Civilizations 4. 1 stSix Weeks Themes

• 1.What is LIFE?

• a) What do humans need to survive?

• b) What is the environment?

• 2.What is CULTURE?

• a) Way of life, traditions, customs,

• b) Why have culture?

5. 6. The First Humans How do we know if this ancient stuff really happened?

• Archaeology

• The study of past societies through an analysis of what people left behind them.

• Anthropology

• The study of how humans live

• Scientific methods for excavations

• Radiocarbon dating

• Method of analysis that calculates the ages of objects by measuring the amount of carbon left in an object

• Thermo luminescence dating(Archmides article Aug 06)

• Method of analysis that dates an object by measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in surrounding fossils and artifacts

• Deoxyribonucleic acid tests

• Genetic tests providing information on human evolution

7. The Earliest Humans

• Hominids

• The earliest human like creatures in Africa.Also known by the name of Australopithecines. (Apes)

• Homo Erectus

• Neanderthals - The first homo-sapiens

• Homo sapiens-sapiens

• Wise-wise human being

8. Hunters and Gatherers Lets go get some tools

• Paleolithic Age

• Mesolithic Age

• Neolithic Age

• Bronze Age

• Old Stone Age- usage of simple tools

• Middle Stone-gradual shift from food gathering and hunting economy to a food producing one

• New Stone- shift from hunting to systematic agriculture

• Adding of copper and tin to tools.

9. Neolithic Revolution

• The single most important development in human history?

• Neolithic farming villages

• Jericho and Catal Huyuk

• Mexico, Central America, India, China, Europe, Egypt

10. 11. Catal Huyuk 12. 13. 14. The Birth of Civilization

• Human Needs + Environment = Culture

• Civilization

• A complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of commonalties.

• 6 Basic Characteristics of Civilizations

• Rise of cities

• Growth of governments

• Role of religion

• New social structure

• Use of writing

• Artistic activity

15. The First Civilizations Mesopotamia & Egypt 16. WORLD HISTORY Dates Cheat Sheet

• B.C.

• A.D.

• B.C.E.

• C.E.

• c.

• Before Christ

• Remember: The years count backwards!

• Anno Domini

• Year of Our Lord

• Before the Common Era

• Common Era

• Circa around

17. Mesopotamian Region The Geography 18. Mesopotamia Region The land between the rivers

• ENVIRONMENT

• Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

• Present Day Country of Iraq

• Flooding along the banks of the river

• Irregularity of flooding created insecurity

• Zero natural barriers

• Mud and dirt is abundant in the area.

• NEEDS

• What needed to be done?

• Irrigation

• Creation of cities

• Governing the cities

• Zero natural barriers enabled raiders to sweep in continually

• Walls were created for defense

• These walls were made of mud bricks which enabled the Sumerians to invent the following: 1) Arch 2) Dome

19. Mesopotamian Society

• Religion

• Theocracy

• Government ruled by divine authority

• Polytheistic

• Belief in many gods and goddesses

• Ziggurat

• Temples were often built upon this massive stepped tower.

• The tower of Babel was a ziggurat .

• Culture and Science

• Patriarchal

• Led and dominated by men

• Cuneiform writingc. 3000 B.C.

• wedge shaped

• -used for record keeping to maintain knowledge of previous events

• The Epic of Gilgamesh

• Mathematics and Astronomy

20. Museum TourPRESS HERE 21. Cuneiform Tablets

• A Babylonian tablet from 87 B.C. reports the arrival of the comet now known as Halley.

22. The Sumerians 3000 B.C. 2340 B.C.

• Creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization

• Formed city-states

• City-states

• Cities with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

• The arch

• The dome

• The wheel c. 3000 B.C.

• Sumerian city-states contained three major classes

• 1) Nobles 2) Commoners 3) Slaves

23. 24. The Akkadians 2340 B.C. 1792 B.C.

• Sargon overruns Sumerian city-states

• The Akkadians set up the first empire in world history

• Empires are easy to create but difficult to maintain. Why?

25. Babylon under Hammurabi 1792 B.C. - 1750 B.C.

• Hammurabi comes to power

• Divides his opponents and defeats them with a well-disciplined army

• Hammurabi is best known for his law code

• The Code of Hammurabi

26. 27. 28. Did Mesopotamians Invent Soap?

• As far back as 2500 B.C., clay tablets from near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were found that make mention of the use of soap.

• It's use for washing did not necessarily come first. It was first used as a way to dress one's hair, or as a medicament on wounds.

29. Interesting Nuggets

• It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 years ago that for a month after the wedding, the bride's father would supply his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink. Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar was lunar based, this period was called the honey month, which we know today as the honeymoon.

30. The First Civilizations Egypt 31. 32. Egypt THE ENVIRONMENT

• Like Mesopotamia, the Egyptian civilization is also a river valley

• The Nile River- The longest river in the world

• Unlike the floods of Mesopotamias rivers, the flooding was predictable

• Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt had excellent natural barriers.

• Deserts to the west and east, cataracts to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the North

• These barriers did not prevent trading however.

• Movement along the Nile created efficiency in trading

33. Egypt Religion

• Polytheistic

• Sun gods & land gods

• Re (Ra)

• Osiris

34. 35. Egyptian gods

• Re (Ra) is shown below.

• Who is this? How do you know?

36. Old Kingdom Age of Pyramids

• Strong Leadership

• Stability-free from invasion

• Dynasty

• A family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family

• Pyramids

• Monarchs were calledPharaohs

• Vizier

• In charge of government bureaucracy.

• Mummification

• Mastabas

• Tombs for the Pharaohs noble officials

• The Great Pyramid at Giza

• Geometric angles are almost precise

• The Great Sphinx

37. Mummification

• Press Here

38. 39. Middle KingdomPeriod of Chaos

• Age of political chaos and invasion

40. New KingdomThe Empire

• Strong military advancements

• Prosperous gains in wealth

• Social Classes

• Pharaoh

• Vizier

• High priests

• Royal overseers

• Scribes, artisans

• Farmers, laborers

• Read about Egyptian society and the daily life

• KEY PHARAOHS

• Hatshepsut

• First female ruler in history

• Amenhotep IV

• Nearly led a religious revolution

• Nefertiti

• Ankh

• Tutankhamen

• (King Tut)

• Restored the gods

• Rameses II

41. NEFERTITI 42. Writing and Education

• Hieroglyphics

• Papyrus

• Scribes

• Masters of the art of writing and also its teachers

Papyrus Hieroglyphics 43. The Persian Empire 44. TheHebrewsandPersians

• Hebrew

• Religion-Judaism- Influenced Christianity and Islam

• Old Testament

• Descendants of Abraham

• Saul the first Hebrew King

• David- reclaims Palestine

• Solomon

• Building Projects- Temple

• Covenant-contract with God

• Prophets-religious teachers

• Persians

• Cyrus

• Won the approval by using not only Persians but also the conquered as government officials.

• Reputation of mercy

• Darius

• Generous to supporters, harsh to enemies

• Satrapies- Persian provinces

• Satrap- Persian governors

• Well maintained roads

• Immortals (Persian Guard)

• Increased taxes led to disloyalty

45. Other NotableCivilizations

• Minoans

• Built enormous palace complex on Crete at Knossus

• Decorative paintings, elaborate bath drains

• Hittites

• First to make use of iron.(Weaponry)

• Elephants in battle

• Phoenicians

• Excellent traders by sea.

• Best known for its alphabet.The Phoenician alphabet was passed onto the Greeks.

• Assyrians

• Leaders with absolute power

• First largearmies equipped with iron weapons

46. 47. Hebrew and Persian Religions A Closer Look

• Zoroastrianism

• Humans play a strong role in the struggle between good and evil

• Perform good deeds: achieve paradise

48. HEBREWS and JUDAISMWritten down as the Hebrew bible or Torah Christians call thisThe Old Testament Torah 49. King Solomon

• Hebrews control Palestine andestablish monarchyc. 1000 BC

• Call territory Israel and establishJerusalemas its capitol

• Solomons most famous

• deed is the building of the

• templeat Jerusalem;

• symbolic center of their

• religion

50. Map of Palestine The Holy Land 51.

• Remain under Persian control until conquests of Alexander the Great (4 thcentury bc.)

• People of Judah retain their separate identity, become known as the Jews

• Religion: Judaism

• God: Yahweh

52. COVENANT

• God has a contract with his people that he will take care of them if they promise to obey him and his laws

• MORAL concerns were at the heart of the law of God

• 10 Commandments

53.