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Chapter 1

INTRODUCING TO SCIENCE

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SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH, PARCEL G, PERSINT 1, 62520 WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN PUTRAJAYA

Introducing Science

What is Science?

Science Laboratory

Steps in Scientific Investigation

Physical Quantities and Their Units

Weight and Mass

The Use of Measuring Tools

What is Science?

Science is the systematic study of nature and how it effects us and our environment.

Important is science.

• Understand ourselves. Knowing how our body work.

• Understand our environment. This helps us to improve the quality of our environment and conserve it for our future generation.

• Makes our life more comfortable.

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Careers in science.

Careers in science

Doctor

Engineer

Architect

Pharmacist

Computer programmerVetenarinarian

Chemist

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Areas of study.

Areas of study

Physics

Geology Astronomy

Meteorology

BiologyBiochemistry

Chemistry

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Science Laboratory

1. Laboratory is the place where a scientist works.

2. Carrying out experiments is interesting and exciting. However, some chemicals used may be dangerous and poisonous.

3. To prevent injury to oneself and others, one needs to know the general rules and safety precautions in a laboratory.

Click here to see the rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.

Click here to see the general laboratory apparatus and their uses.

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Click here to see the hazard warning symbol

- Never enter the laboratory unless a teacher is present.

- Do not eat, drink or taste any chemicals.

- Always follow the teacher’s instruction.

- Never touch chemicals with your bare hands. Use a spatula.

- Read the label on a reagent bottle before using its content.

- Turn of the bunsen Burner after use.

- Do not pure back any unused chemical into its bottle.

- Do not throw solid wastes into the sinks.

- Wash and keep all apparatus after use.

- Do not run or play in the laboratory.

- Do not taste anything without the teacher’s permission.

- Report any breakages to the teacher.

- Keep the bench clean and tidy.

Rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.BACK

General laboratory apparatus and their uses.BACK

BACKHazard warning symbols

SYMBOL EXAMPLES PROPER HANDLING METHOD

Explosive Explodes easily when mixed with other substances Follow instructions given when handling the substance.

Flammable Catches fire and burns easilyKeep away from fire and heat sources

Toxic or poisonous

Causes death or harm to the body Do not taste these substanceKeep under lock and key

Corrosive Causes damage to the skin or eyes upon contractAvoid direct contract with the skin or eyes

Irritant or harmful

Irritates (cause itchiness and rashes) eyes, skin and respiratory system.

Avoid inhalationUse in a fume chamber according to the instruction given.

Radioactive Emits radiation that can destroy body cells/tissues Keep in lead containers

Potassium, sodium, concentrated acids and alkalis, mixture of hydrogen and air.

Petrol, ethanol, kerosene, methylated spirit, white phosphorus, yellow phosphorus.

Mercury, sodium cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, lead, benzene, chlorofrom, bromine

Concentrated acids and alkalis, bromine, hydrogen peroxide.

Ammonia, alcohol, bromine vapour, chlorine, chloroform

Uranium, plutonium, radium, thorium

Steps in Science Investigation

Identify the problem Forming the hypothesis

Carrying out the experiment Planning an experiment

Analysing and interpreting data Making a conclusion

Writing a report on the experiment

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Physical Quantities and Their Units

Physical quantity SI unit Symbol

Length metre m

Mass kilogram kg

Time second s

Temperature kelvin K

Electric current ampere A

Prefix Symbol Numerical valuegiga G 1 000 000 000

mega M 1 000 000

kilo k 1 000

deca da 10

deci d 0.1

centi c 0.01

mili m 0.001

micro µ 0.000 001

nano n 0.000 000 001

pico p 0.000 000 000 001

Prefixes are useful in expressing physical quantities that are either very big or very small.

A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured

Weight and Mass