130 CHAPTER VI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE HOUSING CO- OPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND LAND DEVELOPERS WITH HUDCO, KHB and MUDA 6.1. BRIEF HISTORY AND FUNCTIONS OF HUDCO,KHB AND MUDA Three important governmental agencies are involved in providing shelter to the people of Mysore city. They are HUDCO, KHB, and MUDA. This chapter is the study of brief history and function of HUDCO, KHB and MUDA. The spatio- temporal analysis and comparative study of private housing co-operative societies and land developers will also be studied in this chapter. 6.1.1. Housing and Urban Development Corporation-HUDCO HUDCO-Housing and Urban Development Corporation was established on April 25, 1970. It is an organization fully owned by the Government of India. The Government institutions channelized their housing finance to HUDCO making it a financial- technical institution. This in turn enabled it to empower housing boards and development agencies under the jurisdiction of the state government with limited resources at its disposal, more resourceful and powerful. The allocation of HUDCO was under four categories-HIG, MIG, LIG, and EWS. Moreover LIG had lower interest loan and longer repayment period as compared to HIG. This meant subsidies in favour of LIG. The housing board, slum improvement agencies and other government development institutions had been largely dependent upon HUDCO. As mentioned earlier, a large part of funds was provided to HUDCO by LIC and GIC. Apart from this, the central government allocates equity capital to HUDCO through five year plan provisions. From 1987 onwards, the central government has enabled HUDCO to have a greater excess to market funds. HUDCO receives applications from the housing boards and development agencies which are under the jurisdiction of the state governments to support their housing projects. These projects are assessed for their technical and financial feasibility. Then, loan agreements are signed and HUDCO monitors the performance of the project. The
28
Embed
CHAPTER VI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/107142/15/15...130 CHAPTER VI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE HOUSING CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
130
CHAPTER VI
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE HOUSING CO-
OPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND LAND DEVELOPERS
WITH HUDCO, KHB and MUDA
6.1. BRIEF HISTORY AND FUNCTIONS OF HUDCO,KHB AND MUDA
Three important governmental agencies are involved in providing shelter to the
people of Mysore city. They are HUDCO, KHB, and MUDA. This chapter is the
study of brief history and function of HUDCO, KHB and MUDA. The spatio-
temporal analysis and comparative study of private housing co-operative societies and
land developers will also be studied in this chapter.
6.1.1. Housing and Urban Development Corporation-HUDCO
HUDCO-Housing and Urban Development Corporation was established on April 25,
1970. It is an organization fully owned by the Government of India. The Government
institutions channelized their housing finance to HUDCO making it a financial-
technical institution. This in turn enabled it to empower housing boards and
development agencies under the jurisdiction of the state government with limited
resources at its disposal, more resourceful and powerful.
The allocation of HUDCO was under four categories-HIG, MIG, LIG, and EWS.
Moreover LIG had lower interest loan and longer repayment period as compared to
HIG. This meant subsidies in favour of LIG. The housing board, slum improvement
agencies and other government development institutions had been largely dependent
upon HUDCO. As mentioned earlier, a large part of funds was provided to HUDCO
by LIC and GIC. Apart from this, the central government allocates equity capital to
HUDCO through five year plan provisions. From 1987 onwards, the central
government has enabled HUDCO to have a greater excess to market funds. HUDCO
receives applications from the housing boards and development agencies which are
under the jurisdiction of the state governments to support their housing projects.
These projects are assessed for their technical and financial feasibility. Then, loan
agreements are signed and HUDCO monitors the performance of the project. The
131
distribution of funds amongst the states is formula based. In recent years HUDCO
has widened its activities like searching for cheaper building technology, running
training courses in housing administration with relevance to lower income housing.
6.1.1. a. Objectives of HUDCO
To extend long tern finance for construction of residential complexes or to
undertake housing and urban development programs in the country.
To Finance or undertake building of new or satellite town, either wholly or
partly.
Subscribe to the debentures and bonds to be issued by the State Housing (and
or Urban Development) Boards, Improvement Trusts, Development
Authorities, etc., specifically for the purpose of financing housing and urban
development programs.
To fund or take up the setting up of industrial enterprises of building material.
To manage the money received from the Government of India and other
sources as grants or otherwise, for the purpose of financing or undertaking
housing and urban development programs in the country.
To promote, establish, assist, collaborate, and provide consultancy services for
the projects of designing and planning of works related to Housing and Urban
Development programs in India and abroad.
HUDCO has played a stellar role in the implementation of National Housing Policy. It
has been entrusted with the implementation of the priority programmes of the
Ministry like low cost sanitation, slum up gradation staff Housing, Night Shelter for
Footpath Dwellers and Shelter up gradation under Nehru Rozgar Yojana, Rural
Housing under Minimum Needs Programme. Although the commercial banks and the
housing finance companies are doing brisk business in the housing finance sector, the
housing needs of the poor and low income groups have remained unaddressed. In
such a scenario, HUDCO‘s role has become even more significant. In spite of its
commercial orientation, HUDCO has adopted a policy of preferential allocation of
resources to the socially disadvantaged. It continues to emphasize on sectors which
are more socially relevant rather than only commercially viable and profitable sectors.
HUDCO‘s social orientation is evident from the fact that most of houses finance by
132
HUDCO are for the benefit of Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Low
Income categories. Apart from the corporate office at Delhi, HUDCO functions under
a zonal office, a research & training institute, 20 regional offices, 34 retail finance
units and 9 development offices. HUDCO has been conferred with an award for being
No.1 institution in Construction of Dwelling Units for Poor Sections, by ―Business
Sphere‖ Magazine.
In the city of Mysore, the work of the HUDCO is not worth mentioning. It has
constructed houses prior to 1980 only in three areas of the city, namely
Kuvempunagara, Gangothri Layout and Gayathripuram. In all, it has constructed 1423
EWS, 908 LIG, 454 MIG, and 98 HIG houses. At present HUDCO is not constructing
any houses in the city of Mysore.
6.1. 2. Karnataka Housing Board – KHB
KHB-established under Karnataka Housing Board Act 1962 as a successor to Mysore
Housing Board was constituted in 1956. The primary objective of KHB is ― to make
such schemes and to carry out such works which are necessary for the purpose of
dealing with and satisfying the need of housing accommodation‖. With this directive
KHB endeavors to provide housing to the people of Karnataka at affordable cost and
is therefore recognized as the most important agency for housing throughout
Karnataka.
KHB is headed by a Chairman and a Board comprising 13 members. The Board
consists of 8 officials and 5 non-official members. The Housing Commissioner,
appointed by the Government is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of
the Board and a member of the Board. The Act also provides for appointment of Chief
Engineer (General Manager- Technical) and Secretary (General Manager-
Administration & HR). KHB undertakes layout formation, housing schemes and land
development schemes as envisaged in the Act and subject to the control of the State
Government. The schemes are: Composite Housing Schemes (CHS), Group Housing
schemes Multi-storied Apartments, Labour Housing Schemes Sites & Services
Schemes, Satellite Towns and Layouts and Commercial Plazas.
KHB endeavors to meet the housing requirement to all class of people viz., Low
income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG) and High Income Group (HIG)
133
categories, KHB townships are provided with basic infrastructure such as asphalted
roads, drinking water, electricity, underground drainage etc. KHB townships provides
civic cum commercial complexes in developed areas. Bigger townships have
commercial plazas. KHB takes care of maintenance of each township till it is handed
over to local municipal bodies. Road repairs, garbage clearance, street light
maintenance, security are taken care of KHB ensures electricity and water supply
from local authorities. KHB has project implementation Unit (PIU) and customer
service unit (CSU) in each of its township and layouts. PIU functions pro-actively to
make living better. CSU is actively interacting with customers and it responds in time
to keep customers satisfied.
6.1. 3. Mysore Urban Development Authority – MUDA
The City of Mysore owes its rich heritage and good planning to erstwhile City
Improvement Trust Board (CITB) which was founded by His Highness Sri Nalwadi
Krishna Raja Wodeyar - IV and it holds the proud distinction of being the oldest
planning institution in Asia. Innovative planning combined with a humanitarian
approach had been the hallmark of this City Improvement Trust Board. The present
inheritor of the C.I.T.B. is the Mysore Urban Development Authority (MUDA) which
aspires to carry forward the same high standards set by the C.I.T.B. along with
adopting new technology and techniques to take Mysore on a steep growth curve.
Mysore can boast of having set up the first City Improvement Trust Board (CITB) in
the country way back in 1903. On account of this Act the city has better planned
extensions and housing. Under the Town and Country Planning Act 1961 – regulation
and planned growth of land – use and development of Town Planning Schemes
commenced from 1966. The planning authority prepared the O.D.P for Mysore City
in 1972. The proposed conurbation area was 58.38 Sq.Km for an estimated population
of 5 lakhs by 1986. The C.D.P prepared by the planning authority was approved in
1981 and the proposed conurbation area was 91.37 sq.km, for an estimated population
of 7 Lakhs by 2001 AD. Subsequently Nanjangud Town Planning Area was
amalgamated with Mysore Planning Area and called it as the ‗Mysore-Nanjangud
Local Planning Area‘ in 1984 and in 1988 it was declared as local planning area for
the ‗Environs of Mysore-Nanjangud Local Planning Area‘ covering an extent of
495.32 Sq.km. The Government of Karnataka established the Urban Development
134
Authorities for the planned development of major and important urban areas in the
State and the area adjacent there to and to matters connected herewith under the
Karnataka Urban Developemnt Authorities Act 1987. As per the said Act, the City
Improvement Trust Board (CITB), Mysore and Local Planning Authority of Mysore
was amalgamated and the present Mysore Urban Developemnt Authority came into
existence with the onus of developing the city of Mysore in a manner which preserves
its diverse heritage and culture, to carry the specific ecology features and to provide
the city world class infrastructure so that Mysore becomes a centre of tourism,
education and industries.
MUDA was constituted on 16th
May 1988. Mysore Urban Development Authority
(MUDA) combined in itself the planning functions of the City and Planning authority
and the development functions of the erstwhile MUDA. The Comprehensive
Development Plan of Mysore was revised in 1997 due to rapid industrialization,
population growth, changed economic activities, and land-use. Various industries
including the IT industries form the chief economic base of the city and are also the
main contributors for the development of the city. Mysore acts as an important
agricultural product market and a commercial centre for the neighboring settlements.
As per the KUDA Act 1987, the Commissioner is the Chief Administrator and Chief
Executive of MUDA. The Chairman heads the MUDA. Mysore is growing rapidly in
all sectors. To fulfill the housing requirements of the ever-increasing population,
changes of land-use need to be envisaged, and development needs to be planned
accordingly. The supporting services like water supply, sanitation, electricity,
transportation, etc, need to be planned. MUDA is in the process of revising the
Comprehensive Development Plan.
6.3.1. a. Functions of MUDA
The Mysore Urban Development Authority performs planning and development
functions in the areas within the limits of MUDA.
6.3.1. b. Planning
The Mysore Urban Development Authority is designated as the Planning Authority
under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. The planning functions
in brief involve the following: preparation of development plan for Mysore‘
135
preparation of scheme plans; approval of development plans for group housing and
layouts, approval of building plans, other statutory functions under KTCP Act.
6.3.1. c. Development
In addition to the planning functions, the MUDA Act envisages the following
development functions: planning and implementation of schemes for residential sites,
commercial sites, industrial sites, civic amenity sites, parks and playground,
construction of commercial complexes, construction of houses for Economically
weaker sections, Low income Group, Middle income Group, High Income Group and
development of major infrastructure facilities
6.3.1. d. Organization
The authority has the following departments, viz.:
Engineering Department: The Engineering Department is primarily concerned with
the execution of various developmental schemes in the layouts and also infrastructural
works. This department also monitors the execution of water supply and underground
drainage works of MUDA.
Town Planning Department: The town planning department is responsible for
preparation and revision of the comprehensive development plan for Mysore &
Nanjangud area, preparation of layout plans, approval of development plans for
layouts and group housing schemes and generally assists the authority in its function
as the planning authority for Mysore.
Law Department
The law department advises the authority on various legal issues, and handles
litigation by and against the authority in various courts, etc.
General Administration Department & Site Section
The administration department handles all matters pertaining to allotment of sites,
shops, and houses, assessment of property tax, leases, and shop rents. The department
is also entrusted with the responsibility for all establishment and general
administrative matters.
136
Auction Department
Auction section deals with the auctioning of the corner and intermediate sites of the
authority as per the provisions of the KUDA Act.
6.2. SPATIO- TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF KHB IN MYSORE CITY
Prior to 1981(from1973) KHB had developed many layouts mostly in the old Mysore
city(table 6.1) by acquiring land of 7350 acres and constructed houses of different
categories namely HIG, MIG, LIG, EWS, and others- altogether 1547. In the same
period it had developed land in an area 13.25 acre in Kesere and constructed 756
houses for different groups. The extension of new Mysore city has attracted the
attention of KHB in the same period. KHB with a mega project has constructed 7203
houses of different categories in the vicinity of Mysore like Metagalli, Utagalli,
Gayathripuram etc by acquiring an area of 308 acres of land.
Till the year 1981, out of the total 9506 houses constructed by KHB 1870 belongs to
EWS, 3448 to LIG, 1542 to MIG only 264 to Higher income group and the rest of
2236 belongs to other category. The noticeable point is that the priority of the KHB is
for EWS and LIG groups. As per the data available and the information given by the
officials, KHB is coming up with a layout in the city after 33 years. It has plans to
developed 1123 acres of land in Daripura, Dhanagalli, Kenchalgudu, Udburu,
Kalalavai, Yalachahalli, Gungural Chatra and Kallur Naganahalli at a whooping cost
of Rs 589 crore. In all 6,233 sites and 217 houses will be built which is a composite
housing scheme. It abuts swathes of barren land part of which is under development.
The exact dimension, number of sites and types of houses in each village is not
planned yet.
137
Table 6.1Spatio -Temporal Analysis of KHB in Mysore city
Source: K.H.B. Mysore.
6.3. SPATIAO TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MUDA
6.3.1. Spatio Temporal Analysis of MUDA Prior To 1981
The MUDA has formed many layouts and distributed nearly 35,000 sites and 10,000
houses after it came into existence. It has also handed over the developed layouts to
Mysore City Corporation for further maintenance. Vijayanagara Layout Fist , Second,
Third, and Fourth stage, formed by the Authority, is the biggest layout in South Asia,
Covering an area of nearly 2000 acres having 25,000 sites. Till date nearly 2.48 lakhs
of applicants are waiting for sites from MUDA. For the purpose of study it has been
divided into two sections as prior to 1981 and 1981 to 2012.
Prior to 1981 MUDA (table 6.2)acquired 2141 acres of land both in old Mysore city
and in fringe villages namely Irangere, Belavatha, Kesare, Sathagalli, Devanuru,
Sl
N
o
Name of the area Year Area in
acres
EW
S
LIG MIG HI
G
OTHER
S
Tota
l
1 Old Mysore Prior to 1981 7350..5 514 1004 249 0 180 1547
2 Kesare Prior to 1981 13.25 168 0 0 0 588 756
3 New Mysore City Prior to 1981 308.7 1188 2444 1293 264 1468 7203