CHAPTER 7: ROAD TO REVOLUTION How does America go from complacent colony to fiery revolution?

2 KEY IDEAS1-REPUBLICANISM

The rights of the people to control their destiny

2-INFLUENCE OF THE WHIGSThose who dislike the king

CHAPTER 7: ROAD TO REVOLUTION

How does America go from complacent colony to fiery

revolution?

“INSURRECTION OF THOUGHT USUALLY PRECEDES INSURRECTION OF DEED”COLONIES“HAPHAZARD ACCUMULATION OF NEW

WORLD LAND”LAND OWNERSHIP=POLITICAL POWER

MERCANTILISM BRITISH VIEW—COLONISTS EXIST TO

BENEFIT BRITAINWEALTH=POWERMEASURE WEALTH WITH GOLD & SILVERFAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADESTRONG CENTRAL GOV’T

COLONISTSTREATED AS TENANTS1-furnish products2-buy goods3-ensure navy is best by building ships,

stores & increasing trade

HOW TO ENFORCE MERCANTILISM??1-NAVIGATION LAWSUse English ships onlyNot allowed to compete with English

industriesColonists not allowed to:

develop BanksPrint $*drains gold reserves

BENEFITS OF MERCANTILISM1-Price supports for ship parts2-Virginia has a monopoly on tobacco3-no cost for defense4-”trickle down” prosperity5-used by Spain & France too*still used today—”protective tariff”

PROBLEMS WITH MERCANTILISM1-stifled “economic initiative”2-southern colonies more profitable3-New England colonies—dislike favoritism-

lack of econ. freedom4-Virginia—”land grab”5-Colonies being “used” for the benefit of

the British crown

Impact of French & Indian War on Colonies1-Proclamation Line of 1763—no colonies

can go west of AppalachiaBritish can’t protect colonists from tribes &

French—so not allowed to go west

2-Sugar Act of 1764Increased the tax on foreign sugar imported

from West Indies$$$

Impact continued3-STAMP ACT OF 1765

MANDATORY USE OF STAMPED PAPER TO CERTIFY PAYMENT OF TAX

TAX PAYS FOR PROTECTION OF COLONISTS BY TROOPS

----repealed in March 17664-ORDER NAVY TO ENFORCE NAVIGATION ACTS5-QUARTERING ACT6-USE ADMIRALITY COURTS FOR OFFENDERS

Acts of Parliament continuedDeclaratory Act of 1766-make laws for Americans in all things“Parliament had to be powerful or it would

have no power at all”

Townshend Acts of 1767-tax on imports—lead, glass, paper, paint & tea

(indirect/internal tax)-reorganize customs service-pays for Royal Gov’r & judges

“NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”!!!Prime Minister-Grenville

“Virtual” representation“direct” representation impossible

Americans make distinction between—legislative actions & taxing

PROTESTS

Boston Massacre 1770 British fire on colonists Starts as a “snowball

fight” Samuel Adams

—”master of propaganda”; leader of Sons of Liberty

Brit reaction-----repeal all but tea tax

MORE AMERICAN PROTESTSStamp Act Congress-1765Non-Importation Agreements¼ of all Brit exports go to colonies½ of all British shipping to colonies

Sons of LibertyCustoms agents “racketeers”1772-Committees of Correspondence

BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773Britain gave Brit. East India Company a

monopoly on teaSell tea to colonists at a low price, but Brit.

Gov’t still gets $$$

Protest-throw tea into Boston Harbor

INTOLERABLE ACTS OF 1774Closed port of BostonForbid gov’t meetingsTroops take over homesQuebec Act—extend Quebec to Ohio RiverTrials held in England for those accused of

a crime in the colonies

How does America go from complacent colony to fiery revolution?Reasons/Answers:

1774-1st Continental Congress

“complete boycott”No revolution/no

independence“The association”

*April, 1775—shots fired at Lexington & Concord

BRITAIN COLONIES

Advantages

Disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

Battle of Concord

LoyalistLoyalist

StrongholStrongholdsds

Phase IPhase I:: The Northern The Northern CampaignCampaign[1775-1776][1775-1776]

Phase IIPhase II::

NY & PANY & PA[1777-1778][1777-1778]

Phase IIIPhase III:: The Southern The Southern Strategy Strategy [1780-1781][1780-1781]

North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEJULY 2, 1776"Yesterday the greatest question was

decided which ever was debated in America; and a greater perhaps never was, nor will be, decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, that those United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." (Letter to wife Abigail Adams, July 3, 1776)