CHAPTER 6.1 Solutions and Other Mixtures. Classifying Matter The composition of a material can be used to classify it as a mixture or a substance The.

CHAPTER 6.1Solutions and Other Mixtures

Classifying Matter• The composition of a

material can be used to classify it as a mixture or a substance

• The composition of a pure substance is constant

• The composition of a mixture can vary widely

Matter

Substance Mixture

Element

HeterogeneousHomogeneous

Compound

Types of Mixtures

• Heterogeneous Mixture: The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.– Examples: Sand, Salsa, Chocolate Chip Cookie

Dough

• Homogeneous Mixture: The substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another.– Examples: Swimming pool water, Stainless steel

fork

Solutions, Suspensions, & Colloids

• Mixtures can be classified based

on the size of their largest

particles.

Suspension

• Suspension –• Settles out or separates into different

layers when it is no longer agitated• (no longer moving).• Heterogeneous mixture• Separates into layers over time• Particles can be trapped by filter

paper (like a coffee filter)• Are cloudy in appearance

• Examples: Sand and Water

Filtration

• Separates materials based on the size of their particles

• Examples:– Drip coffee makers– Wire screens at an

archaeological site

Colloid particles are larger than the particles in a solution.

• No, you don’t need to learn the exact sizes of the particles, just realize that there is a defined size.

Colloids

• Contain some particles that are intermediate in size and are in between the small parts in a solution, and the larger particles in a suspension.

• They do not separate in layers• You can’t use a filter to separate the parts of a

colloid• The scattering of light property can be used to

separate them from other mixtures

Colloids

• Particles are large enough to scatter light.• That means that you actually see what we call a “beam

of light” – in a solution, which has really small particles, the light passes right through.

Scattering of light

Slide #13 gives “opal” as an example of a colloid. It’s a

gemstone, and here’s what it looks like.

Emulsions

Liquid/liquid systems of 2 immiscible substances are called emulsion. Substances or particle size = 10-100 microns.

Examples: butter (w/o), margarine (w/o), mayonnaise (o/w), salad dressing (o/w), milk (o/w), cream (o/w), and chip-dip (o/w).

Water

Oil

OilOil

Oil

Oil

H O

H OH O

H O

Oil/Water Water/Oil

2 2

2 2

Oil

Oil Oil

Oil

Oil

Oil

Solutions

• Formed when substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture

• Characteristics– Do not separate into distinct layers over time– Will not leave trapped substances when

poured through a filter– Most are translucent (clear or see-through)

Solutions

• Solvent

• Substance that dissolves the solute,

• stuff “doing the dissolving.”

• Water in salt and water• water in “sweet tea”• What you have the most

of!

• Solute

• Substance that dissolves in the solution.

• Salt in the water• Sugar in the tea• Chemicals put in your

fish tank.

Using Properties to Separate Mixtures

Distillation & Filtration

are 2 common separation methods