Chapter 6 The Loyalists (1776-1815). We will look at… Details on how areas that were to become Canada and the United States began to distinguish themselves.

Chapter 6

The Loyalists

(1776-1815)

We will look at…

• Details on how areas that were to become Canada and the United States began to distinguish themselves as separate countries

• How a representative government was established in British North America

Americans defeated British

• 1783 American Revolution ended

• New nation emerged: U.S.A

• When the war began, Thirteen Colonies were divided into two groups: Patriots & Loyalists

Who were the Loyalists?

• Political refugees who moved to Quebec & Nova Scotia for safety

• They were loyal to the British Empire• Did not want to separate from Britain. • Most farmers, others merchants, doctors, &

lawyers• AKA “Tories”

Who were the Patriots?

• Loyal to the Thirteen Colonies• They wanted to separate from Britain to

form the United States of America• During the American Revolution, the

Patriots destroyed many Loyalists homes and businesses.

• Treaty of Paris 1783: compensation promises; not kept

“The Bloody Massacre", 1770, by Paul Revere and Henry Pelham

Tarred and Feathered

“ Now, are you a Torie or are you a Patriot? ”

• Many thrown in prison

• Denied civil rights

• Property confiscated

The coming of the Loyalists

• Many Loyalists found themselves in a hostile country, forced to flee.

• Resulted in two new colonies:

• New Brunswick formed from a part of Nova Scotia

• Quebec was split into Lower Canada (now Quebec) and Upper Canada (now Ontario)

Tory Refugees

Many kinds of Loyalists

• Neutral: tormented, chose to side w/ Britain• Various nationalities: protect special customs

& traditions• Loyal to British monarchy: feared children

would be forced to accept democratic ideas; left to protect way of life

• Slaves: went w/ owners. Others, Britain offered their freedom if they sided with them. Became Loyalists to gain their freedom.

Many kinds of Loyalists cont’d• Iroquois: fought along side the British; feared

Americans taken over their lands more so than the British.

• Various religions: feared the lose of their religion; wanted Britain’s protection

• Recruiters: deals offered to settlers• Temporary: not leaving country forever• Side with the probable winners: either voice your

support for Loyalists or you are seen as a Patriot.• British government workers & regiments: no

choice but to flee

Where the Loyalists Went

• Quebec: travelled by land (1776-1785)

• Nova Scotia: travelled by sea

• By 1785, nearly 100,000 Loyalists left the United States

• 40,000- 45000 British NA

• 34,000 Nova Scotia

• 7000 QE

• Others to Britain and West Indies

Quebec• Treaty of Paris: to stop Seven Year’s War• QE British owned; BUT majority French-speaking

population. • Loyalists moved to QE because they knew the

British government would protect them• After all, they risked their lives & lost their homes

fighting for Britain• Loyalists were given land and supplies by

government to start a new life• Relocated to a place where political beliefs were

accepted

African American Population• Britain offered land and freedom to African

Americans• Given smaller and poorer quality portions of land • Located in separate communities and on edges of

towns• Not always welcomed and often faced

discrimination• Many did not stay