Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Golden Age (1927- Golden Age (1927- 1939) 1939) A. A. Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh B. B. Adventure, Exploration, and Adventure, Exploration, and Sport Sport C. C. Commercial Airlines and Commercial Airlines and Airliners Airliners D. D. Aviation Radio and Military Aviation Radio and Military Aviation Aviation
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Chapter 6 Golden Age (1927-1939) A. Charles Lindbergh B. Adventure, Exploration, and Sport C. Commercial Airlines and Airliners D. Aviation Radio and Military.
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Chapter 6Chapter 6Golden Age (1927-1939)Golden Age (1927-1939)
A.A. Charles LindberghCharles LindberghB.B. Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and SportC.C. Commercial Airlines and AirlinersCommercial Airlines and AirlinersD.D. Aviation Radio and Military AviationAviation Radio and Military Aviation
In 1927 the young American pilot Charles In 1927 the young American pilot Charles Lindbergh flew alone across the Atlantic Ocean Lindbergh flew alone across the Atlantic Ocean to France and fame. More that 90 people had to France and fame. More that 90 people had flown across the Atlantic before Lindbergh’s flown across the Atlantic before Lindbergh’s historic flight, so his flight both closed the historic flight, so his flight both closed the postwar period of long distance flying and postwar period of long distance flying and
opened the Golden Age of Aviation.opened the Golden Age of Aviation.
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
Lindbergh took his first flight lesson in Lindbergh took his first flight lesson in 1922.1922.
– Received 8 hours of dual instructionReceived 8 hours of dual instruction Joined friends barnstorming, wing walking, Joined friends barnstorming, wing walking,
and parachuting.and parachuting.
He bought his own airplane in 1923He bought his own airplane in 1923- Curtiss JN-4D JennyCurtiss JN-4D Jenny- First soloFirst solo
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
Educated at Brooks Field, Army Air Educated at Brooks Field, Army Air Service, San Antonio, Texas in 1924.Service, San Antonio, Texas in 1924.
- Graduated in 1925 in a class of - Graduated in 1925 in a class of 18 that started with 104 cadets.18 that started with 104 cadets.
Lindbergh joined the Robertson Lindbergh joined the Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis as an Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis as an airmail pilotairmail pilot
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
Orteig PrizeOrteig Prize• Raymond Orteig, a New York Raymond Orteig, a New York
businessman, offered a $25,000 businessman, offered a $25,000 prize for the first nonstop airplane prize for the first nonstop airplane flight between New York and Paris in flight between New York and Paris in either direction.either direction.
• This lured Lindbergh from flying the This lured Lindbergh from flying the mail to planning the flight.mail to planning the flight.
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
Lindbergh raised money from the St. Lindbergh raised money from the St. Louis business community.Louis business community.
He selected a single-engine He selected a single-engine monoplane ~ less drag, less fuel monoplane ~ less drag, less fuel consumption. consumption.
More than 90 people made the trip, More than 90 people made the trip, but never nonstop in an airplane.but never nonstop in an airplane.
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
In 1927, there were more than 20 In 1927, there were more than 20 attempts.attempts.
On 21 Sept. 1926, French ace Rene On 21 Sept. 1926, French ace Rene Fonck and his crew crashed their Fonck and his crew crashed their Sirkorsky S-35 on takeoff, killing 2.Sirkorsky S-35 on takeoff, killing 2.
Despite, the prize attracted many!!Despite, the prize attracted many!!
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
20-21 May 192720-21 May 1927
– Lindbergh flew the Lindbergh flew the Spirit of St. LouisSpirit of St. Louis, a , a Ryan monoplane, non stop from New Ryan monoplane, non stop from New York to St. Louis.York to St. Louis.
– 3600 miles crossed in 33 hours and 29 3600 miles crossed in 33 hours and 29 minutes.minutes.
– He won the $25,000 Orteig Prize.He won the $25,000 Orteig Prize.
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
The flight also won Lindbergh the The flight also won Lindbergh the reserve officer promotion to colonel reserve officer promotion to colonel and the Congressional Medal of and the Congressional Medal of Honor.Honor.
Wrote a book Wrote a book “We”, “We”, referring to man referring to man and machine, about the flight.and machine, about the flight.– His book His book The Spirit of St. Louis The Spirit of St. Louis won a won a
Pulitzer prize in 1953.Pulitzer prize in 1953.
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
The flight proved the reliability of The flight proved the reliability of aircraft and engines designed and aircraft and engines designed and built after the war.built after the war.
Lindbergh flew the Lindbergh flew the Spirit of St. Louis Spirit of St. Louis on on tour of the US, visiting all 48 states, tour of the US, visiting all 48 states, covering 22,000 miles, logging 260.7 covering 22,000 miles, logging 260.7 flight hoursflight hours
Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
Lindbergh got jobs with two airlinesLindbergh got jobs with two airlines– Pam Am and Pam Am and – Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT)
which later became known as “The which later became known as “The Lindbergh Line.”Lindbergh Line.”
End of Section AEnd of Section A
Section BSection BAdventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Aviation was sport and spectacle. It was an Aviation was sport and spectacle. It was an adventure in the exploration of the planet, the adventure in the exploration of the planet, the
plane, and the pilot. Pilots promoted plane, and the pilot. Pilots promoted themselves, their aircraft, and their flights. themselves, their aircraft, and their flights. Geographical and scientific expeditions used Geographical and scientific expeditions used airplanes not only as service vehicles, but to airplanes not only as service vehicles, but to
attract supporters of aviation. Filmmakers used attract supporters of aviation. Filmmakers used airplanes for aerial photography an as subject airplanes for aerial photography an as subject matter. Light airplanes, homebuilt, and glider matter. Light airplanes, homebuilt, and glider brought aviation to ordinary people. This was brought aviation to ordinary people. This was
the Golden Age of Aviation.the Golden Age of Aviation.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
James D. Dole organized a Pacific Air James D. Dole organized a Pacific Air Race with a $35,000 prize for Race with a $35,000 prize for nonstop flight from Oakland, nonstop flight from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii.California to Honolulu, Hawaii.
Who Wants to be a Millionaire?...Who Wants to be a Millionaire?...How about the next American Idol?...How about the next American Idol?...Any Bachelors looking for date?...Any Bachelors looking for date?...Prizes, Prizes, Prizes…Prizes, Prizes, Prizes…
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Many tried…many died.Many tried…many died. Two planes did complete the race, Two planes did complete the race,
both with the Wright J-5 engine.both with the Wright J-5 engine.– The Winning plane, the The Winning plane, the Woolaroc,Woolaroc, flown flown
by Art Goebel and William V. Davis.by Art Goebel and William V. Davis.– Second was the Second was the AlohaAloha
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Although the Pacific was the new challenge, Although the Pacific was the new challenge, some did not lose interest in the Atlanic.some did not lose interest in the Atlanic.– Amelia Earhart – the Lady Lindy – in 1932 Amelia Earhart – the Lady Lindy – in 1932
became the first female pilot to make a solo, became the first female pilot to make a solo, nonstop transatlantic flight.nonstop transatlantic flight.
– James Allan Mollison made the first east-to-James Allan Mollison made the first east-to-west solo flightwest solo flight
– Graf Zeppelin made 18 crossings of the South Graf Zeppelin made 18 crossings of the South Atlantic.Atlantic.
– In 1932, 5 planes carried 22 passengers across In 1932, 5 planes carried 22 passengers across the Atlantic.the Atlantic.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Douglas CorriganDouglas Corrigan– Decided to fly across the Atlantic, but Decided to fly across the Atlantic, but
lacked the necessary authorizations.lacked the necessary authorizations.– On 17-18 July 1938, Corrigan made the On 17-18 July 1938, Corrigan made the
flight claiming that he intended to fly to flight claiming that he intended to fly to California, but flew the wrong way.California, but flew the wrong way.
– Earned the nick-name “Wrong-Way Earned the nick-name “Wrong-Way Corrigan.Corrigan.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Round the WorldRound the World– 1929 Graf Zeppelin made a 1929 Graf Zeppelin made a
circumnavigation flight.circumnavigation flight.– Pilot Wiley Post and navigator Harold Pilot Wiley Post and navigator Harold
Gatty flew around the around in 1932.Gatty flew around the around in 1932.– Von Gronau flying boat trip in in 1932.Von Gronau flying boat trip in in 1932.– Post made a second round the world Post made a second round the world
flight in 1933, this time solo.flight in 1933, this time solo.– Howard Hughes made it in 1938.Howard Hughes made it in 1938.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Polar FlightsPolar Flights– Remember Richard Byrd??Remember Richard Byrd??– Well… he does it again. This time to the Well… he does it again. This time to the
South Pole, Nov. 1929.South Pole, Nov. 1929.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Italian Distance FlightsItalian Distance Flights– Nation Pride at stakeNation Pride at stake– Benito Mussolini sent his Minister of Air Benito Mussolini sent his Minister of Air
Italo Balbo to the Chicago World’s Fair in Italo Balbo to the Chicago World’s Fair in 1933.1933.
– They flew 25 plane from Rome, Italy to They flew 25 plane from Rome, Italy to ChicagoChicagoLost one plane on the wayLost one plane on the wayLost one more on the return trip.Lost one more on the return trip.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
1934 MacRobertson Air Race1934 MacRobertson Air Race 12,300 miles from England to 12,300 miles from England to
Australia.Australia.– C.W.A Scott and T. Campbell Black won C.W.A Scott and T. Campbell Black won
the race in a de Havilland 88 Comet.the race in a de Havilland 88 Comet.– Second and Third place were won by Second and Third place were won by
Americans.Americans.
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Altitude FlightsAltitude Flights 1934, William Kepner, Orvil 1934, William Kepner, Orvil
Anderson, and observer A.W. Steven Anderson, and observer A.W. Steven manned a balloon (Explorer 1) and manned a balloon (Explorer 1) and rose to more that 11 milesrose to more that 11 miles
The next year Kepner and Anderson The next year Kepner and Anderson did it again in the Explorer II, this did it again in the Explorer II, this time to 72,395 ft or 13.7 milestime to 72,395 ft or 13.7 miles
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
Speed FlightsSpeed Flights Absolute speed record at the time Absolute speed record at the time
Lindbergh crossed the AtlanticLindbergh crossed the Atlantic– 278.481 mph278.481 mph
Speed records were set and broken Speed records were set and broken constantly…almost on a yearly basis.constantly…almost on a yearly basis.– 9 times in 12 years9 times in 12 years
Adventure, Exploration, and SportAdventure, Exploration, and Sport
French RaidsFrench Raids The French started exploratory The French started exploratory
flights, known as raids.flights, known as raids.– French gov’t. air ministry offered prizes French gov’t. air ministry offered prizes
for first flights to far destinationsfor first flights to far destinations– Additional prizes for the fastest flights to Additional prizes for the fastest flights to
those destinations already reached.those destinations already reached. Raids were classed as a sport in the Raids were classed as a sport in the
1930s1930s
Light AirplanesLight Airplanes
EuropeEurope– de Havilland DH 60 Moth biplane de Havilland DH 60 Moth biplane
became so popular that the word ‘Moth’ became so popular that the word ‘Moth’ came to denote every small airplane. came to denote every small airplane. ~Much like how the word ‘Cessna’ is ~Much like how the word ‘Cessna’ is used todayused today
United StatesUnited States– C.G. Taylor and William Piper finds the C.G. Taylor and William Piper finds the
Taylor Aircraft CompanyTaylor Aircraft Company and starts and starts production of the Model A Cub in 1930.production of the Model A Cub in 1930.
Homebuilt AircraftHomebuilt Aircraft
Starting with the Montgolfier Bros., aircraft Starting with the Montgolfier Bros., aircraft have been built at home.have been built at home.
Even the Wright Bros. sold airplanes with the Even the Wright Bros. sold airplanes with the intention of the customer building it at intention of the customer building it at home.home.
The Heath Parasol was one of the first The Heath Parasol was one of the first aircraft to be marketed solely as a aircraft to be marketed solely as a homebuilt.homebuilt.
Homebuilt gliders and the Germans are Homebuilt gliders and the Germans are what began in our investigating and what began in our investigating and understanding of thermals.understanding of thermals.