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Ethernet Advanced

Chapter 5

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Chapter Objectives

Explain 10Base-T network

Explain 10Base-FL Explain the 5-4-3 rule

Identify different types of High Speed Ethernet

standards

Jetking Infotrain Ltd.

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R ecall

IEEE 802 standard is used for networking

802.3 defines physical layer and datalink layer

standard that uses wired connection

10Base-5, 10Base-2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F arethe types of Ethernet cabling system

Hubs, bridges and routers are used to extend

network


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Introduction to Advanced Ethernet

Ethernet is most widely used network technology

Introduced by IEEE 802.3

Ethernet systems are 10Base-T and 10Base-FL

High speed Ethernet includes

100Base Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet

Switched Ethernet Full Duplex Ethernet


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Features of Advanced Ethernet

Advanced Ethernet would use a physical star to

match the robustness of Token ring

It would not use more expensive coaxial cables and

adopt inexpensive UTP cabling It would use the same frame types and speeds of

the older Ethernets so that new Ethernets will be

compatible with older ones


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10BASE-T - I

Ethernet standard known as twisted pair Ethernet

Uses a star bus topology

Stations are connected to a hub using pairs of

twisted cables

Features:

Failure of one system does not affect entire network

Easy troubleshooting

Addition and removal of device does not affect

network


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10BASE-T Topology

Uses a physical star topology in which each nodeconnects to a central hub

Hub is a multiport repeater. It receives the signal fromone port, regenerates it and passes the signal to all the

other ports


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Meaning of 10BASE-T

10 refer to 10 Mbps transmission speed, Base is for

baseband signaling and T stands for twisted pair

cable


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10Base T Specifications and Limitations

Specifications include:

Fault Tolerant

Easy Troubleshooting

Easy Moves and Changes

Limitations include:

Distance

Sensitive to noise

Number of computers connected is limited to 1024


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Cabling Consideration

Cable testers can be used to check theparameters of the cable

UTP cables use stranded kevlar fiber which

gives better strength to the cable 10 Base T requires only 2 pair cabling

RJ45 connectors used to connect UTP

cables Maximum length of cable is 100m from hub to

a node


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Wiring Standards

EIA/TIA T568A EIA/TIA T568BPin

No. Pair Wire Color Pair Wire Color

1 3 1 White/Green 2 1 White/Orange

2 3 2 Green 2 2 Orange3 2 1 White/Orange 3 1 White/Green

4 1 2 Blue 1 2 Blue5 1 1 White/Blue 1 1 White/Blue

6 2 2 Orange 3 2 Green7 4 1 White/Brown 4 1 White/Brown

8 4 2 Brown 4 2 Brown

Table 5.1 ± EIA/TIAT568A and T568B Wiring Standards


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10BASE-FL

Ethernet standard that operates over fiber optic cable andcovers a distance up to 2 k.m.

Multimode fiber and Straight Tip (ST) connector are used

to build 10Base-FL segment

10Base FL

components

Network MediumMedium Attachment

Unit (M AU)


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10 Base FL Components

Network Medium ± Uses 62.5/125

micrometer multimode fiber optic cables

Medium Attachment Unit (M AU) ± Used for

link integrity test.


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Connecting Ethernet Segments

Maximum number of ports available on a hub

is 48

Coaxial or cross over cables are required to

connect two or more hubs

Most hubs use BNC or AUI connector to

connect with other hubs

Crossover ports are also known as uplink or out port


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5-4-3 R ule - I

Developed to limit the size of an Ethernet collisiondomain.

Implemented by Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) for number of repeaters and segments on shared access

The rule states that: Any two nodes in the networkshould not be separated by more than 5 segments,4 repeaters and 3 populated segments


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5-4-3 R ule - II

Categories of physical segments:

User segments - Used to connect the systems in the

network. These segments are also known as

populated segments. Link segments - Used to connect repeaters in the

network. These segments are also known as

unpopulated segments.


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Network using 5-4-3 rule

5 ± Specifies that maximum 5 segments can be used inthe network

4 ± Specifies the number of repeaters/concentratorsused to connect the network segments

3 ± Specifies the number of populated segments


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High Speed Ethernet

Developed to increase connectivity speed betweenthe terminals or computers in a network.

Ethernet

Standards

Fast Ethernet

(100Base Ethernet)Gigabit Ethernet 10-Gigabit Ethernet


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100Base Ethernet

Supports data transfer rate up to 100 Mbps

Also called as Fast Ethernet

Makes use of C AT 5 cable and fiber cable


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Types of Fast Ethernet

Copper cabled Ethernet

100 Base TX ± uses two pairs of C AT5

100 Base T4 ± uses 4 pairs of C AT3

100 Base T2 ± uses 2 pairs for data, 4 bits per symbol

Fiber Cabled Ethernet

100 Base FX ± uses 2 strands of MM fiber cable

100 Base SX ± uses 2 strands of MM fiber cable(SW)

100 Base BX ± uses single strand of SM fiber cable


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Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

Speed ± Ten times faster than regular 10Base-Tnetwork

Throughput ± Faster for video, multimedia,graphics, Internet surfing and other applications thatrequire high speed

Disadvantages

Mode of data transfer ± 100Base-T4 Ethernetcannot support full duplex mode of data transfer

Wiring ± 100Base-T4 requires four pair of wiring for data transfer


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Gigabit Ethernet

Supports data transfer rate up to 1000 Mbit/s Also called as 1000B ASE-T Ethernet

Gigabit

EthernetStandards

1000Base-SX 1000Base-LX 1000Base-CX 1000Base-T 1000Base-TX


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10-Gigabit Ethernet - I

Was developed by IEEE 802.3ae in 2002.

Supports data transfer rate that is ten times faster

than Gigabit ethernet

Supports segment length up to 40 Kms

Uses Media Access Control (M AC) protocol

Uses full-duplex mode of transmission and mostly run

on fiber


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10-Gigabit Ethernet - II

Standards included:

10GB ASE-CX4

10GB ASE-T

10GB ASE-SR (Short Range) 10GB ASE-LRM (Long Reach Multimode)

10GB ASE-LR (Long Range)

10GB ASE-ER (Extended Range)

10GB ASE-LX4


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Switched Ethernet (Show the diagram and

rest from CBT) Employs a switch instead of a repeater or a hub

Operates at layer 2 of OSI model

Offers guaranteed bandwidth per port

Each port is a separate collision domain Used to connect segments to a backbone

Machines such file and print server directly

connected to the backbone for better performance


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Types of Switching

Uses three types of switching:

Cut-through

Store and forward

Fragment-free


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Basic Structure of Switched Ethernet


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Full-Duplex Ethernet

Devices at both ends can send and receive data at

the same time

Provides twice the bandwidth of normal (half duplex)

E

thernet Each pairs of wires acts as a separate channel and

allows the devices at each end to communicate with

one another in full duplex mode


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Summary - I

The Standard Ethernet implementations are10Base-T and 10Base-F

10Base-T is also known as twisted pair Ethernet and

uses UTP cables 10Base-T uses star topology and hub is used as

networking device

10Base-FL is a version of 10Base-F that uses fiber optic link instead of twisted pair cable


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Summary - II

IEEE 802.3 implements 5-4-3 rule to limit the size of

an Ethernet collision domain

High speed Ethernet was developed to increase the

connectivity speed between computers in a network

The various high speed Ethernet standards are Fast

Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and 10Gigabit Ethernet

100Base-T is also referred as Fast Ethernet that

supports data transfer rate up to 100Mbps


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Summary - II

Gigabit Ethernet supports data transfer rate up to1000Mbps

10Gigabit Ethernet supports data transfer rate up to

10 times that of Gigabit Ethernet Switched Ethernet implements of three types of

switching Cut-through switches, Store and forwardswitches and fragment free switches

A Full Duplex Ethernet provides twice the bandwidthof normal (half duplex) Ethernet


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