Chapter 4.ppt

SOC 3880 – Criminal Justice

Marjie T. Britz, [email protected]

Criminal Justice

CHAPTER 4ORIGINS AND

ORGANIZATION OF LAW

ENFORCEMENT

mailto:[email protected]

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved


4.1 Outline the history and development of policing.

Describe the mission, roles, and responsibilities of various federal, state, and local law enforcement

agencies.

Describe the role and authority of private protective services.

Summarize the typical organizational structure of a police

department.

4.2

4.3

4.4

Describe the primary operational strategies of today's police departments.4.5

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES



4.6 Summarize the goals, positive outcomes, and criticisms of community policing initiatives.

Summarize police discretion.

Define terms related to the history, structure, and functions of the police.

Outline the hiring, training, and career paths for law enforcement officers.

4.7

4.8

4.9

Summarize the issues and challenges faced by women and minorities in law enforcement.4.10

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES



Outline the history and development of policing.

Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

4.1

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved5

4.1

New Police Bobbie

s (1829)

Bow Street Runne

rs (1748)

Justice of the Peace (1326)

Watch and

Ward Syste

m (1285)

Mutual Pledge Syste

m


4.1

The New Police (1829)


4.1

Sir Robert Peel's

Nine Principles


4.1

1731 First Neighborhood/

Precinct Station

1693 First

Uniformed Officer

1658Paid

Watchmen Were Hired in

New York


4.1Era Political Era Reform Era Community Era Homeland

Security EraTime Period 1840s–1930 1930–1970s 1970s–Today 2001–TodayCharacteristics Close ties between

the police and public officials.Uniformed officers in paramilitary-style organizations serving the interests of the politically powerful.

Pride in professional crime fighting.An emphasis on solving "traditional" crimes and capturing offenders.

Police departments work to identify and serve the needs of their communities.Envisions a partnership between local police agencies and their communities.

Policing to secure the homeland; emphasis on terrorism prevention.Builds on partnerships with the community to gather actionable intelligence to circumvent threats of terrorism.

Catalyst The need for social order and security in a dynamic and rapidly changing society.

Citizen calls for reform and the development of police professionalism.The removal of politics from policing.

The realization that effective community partnerships can help prevent and solve crimes.

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and ongoing threats to the safety and security of all Americans.

Example Police departments and officers were closely tied to their city's political system.Local "ward politicians" hired officers for their own purposes.

"G-Men" and the crackdown on organized crime.Progressive policing, led by men like August Vollmer and C.W. Wilson.

A focus on Quality-of-life offenses as a crime reduction and peacekeeping strategy.The broken windows model of policing.

Creation of counterterrorism divisions and offices within departments.Collaboration between police agencies and the sharing of information needed to identify threats.



Describe the mission, roles, and responsibilities of various federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.


4.2


Established in 1968 within the U.S. DOJ

1968-1997$6 billion spent on

crime control programs &

education programs

Police Professionalism, Training and Technology4.2

Law Enforcement Assistance Administrat

ion

11


Organization of Law Enforcement4.2

TransnationalFederalStateLocal

Community

Weed and Seed Interpol

12


4.2 Full-Time Employment in Local Police Departments

13


4.2

14


4.2

15



Describe the role and authority of private protective services.


4.3


4.3 Trends in Private Security and Law Enforcement Employment

17



Summarize the typical organizational structure of a police department.


4.4


4.4

Gangs

Drug Education

Child Abuse

Domestic Violence

Victims' Services

Criminal Investigation

(Detective Services)Crime Prevention

Patrol Division(First Responders)

Specialty Support ServicesSupport Services

Bomb Squad

Air Patrol Unit

Reserve Police(Volunteers)

Police Training Academy

Narcotics/Vice

Juveniles

Major Crimes(Homicide, Burglary, Assault,

Arson, Fraud)

Typical Organizational Structure of aPolice DepartmentCity Council, Mayor, or Police Commission

Chief of Police

Deputy Chief



Describe the primary operational strategies of today's police departments.


4.5


4.5

Problem Solving

Criminal Investigation

Emergency Response

Routine Incident Response

Preventive Patrol

Five Core Operational Strategies



Summarize the goals, positive outcomes, and criticisms of community policing initiatives.


4.6


4.6

Police-Community Relations (PCR)



Summarize police discretion.


4.7


4.7

Discretion



Define terms related to the history, structure, and functions of the police.


4.8



Outline the hiring, training, and career paths for law enforcement officers.


4.9


4.9

28



Summarize the issues and challenges faced by women and minorities in law enforcement.


4.10



4.1

The first police force was established in London in 1829. Police officers patrolled specific areas and were organized in

a paramilitary fashion to maintain discipline. The first daytime police force in the United States was established in

Boston in 1838; New York was the first city to create a unified day and night police force. By 1900 nearly every city of any

size had established a full-time police force.The vast majority of police agencies are found at the local level of government. Local police enforce applicable state

laws, local ordinances, and traffic laws; they also investigate accidents and suspected crimes. State police agencies

enforce state laws and investigate accidents. They include specialized law enforcement agencies for such purposes as

alcohol control.Private security: Law enforcement agencies that protect private property and are paid by private individuals and

corporations.

4.2

4.3

The typical organizational structure of a police department includes: Administration, Patrol, Investigation, Support, and

Specialty Services.4.4

CHAPTER SUMMARY



The primary operational strategies of today's police departments includes: preventive patrol, routine incident

response, emergency response, criminal investigation, and problem solving.

4.5

4.6Community policing attempts to reintroduce the public as a significant player in crime control. Community policing has

been defined as "a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems."

The power of a law enforcement officer to make decisions on issues within legal guidelines.4.7

See page 156 for Key Terms4.8

Career opportunities in law enforcement are numerous and varied. Options include the FBI, DEA, border patrol, local and

state law enforcement, and private security.4.9

CHAPTER SUMMARY



Female officers, minority officers, and new tactical approaches to policing have not always won ready

acceptance. Studies have found that minorities are more likely than whites to have unfavorable attitudes toward

police in general, although the race of crime victims or the race of police officers handling a case has been found to

make no difference in the degree to which victims feel the police fulfilled their expectations in a given incident. In sum,

race and gender images appear not to hold up when one looks at specific cases and makes objective comparisons.

4.10

CHAPTER SUMMARY