Chapter 3: Territorial Expansion during the Antebellum Period Standard USHC-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century. Enduring Understanding Political conflict is often the result of competing social values and economic interests. To understand how different perspectives based on differing interests and backgrounds led to political conflict in the antebellum United States, the student will utilize the knowledge and skills set forth in the following indicators: Indicators
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Chapter 3: Territorial Expansion during the Antebellum … · Chapter 3 Terms Northwest Ordinance Louisiana Purchase War of 1812 Andrew Jackson Battle of New Orleans Monroe Doctrine
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Chapter 3: Territorial Expansion
during the Antebellum Period
Standard USHC-2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how economic
developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy
in the early nineteenth century.
Enduring Understanding
Political conflict is often the result of competing social values and economic interests. To
understand how different perspectives based on differing interests and backgrounds led to
political conflict in the antebellum United States, the student will utilize the knowledge
and skills set forth in the following indicators:
Indicators
USHC-2.1 Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and
democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native
Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the
era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana
Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession
USHC-2.2 Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected
the United States’ relationships with foreign powers, including the role of the United States
in the Texan Revolution and the Mexican War.
USHC-2.3 Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North,
and the West) of the United States during the early nineteenth century, including ways that
economic policy contributed to political controversies.
USHC-2.4 Compare the social and cultural characteristics of the North, the South, and the
West during the antebellum period, including the lives of African Americans and social
reform movements such as abolition and women’s rights.
.
Chapter 3 Terms
Northwest Ordinance
Louisiana Purchase
War of 1812
Andrew Jackson
Battle of New Orleans
Monroe Doctrine
Manifest Destiny
Missouri Compromise
Annexation of Texas
Oregon Territory
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Gadsden Purchase
Compromise of 1850
Cherokee
Trail of Tears
Cotton gin
Sectionalism
Plantation system
Factory system
Tariffs
American System
Democracy
Jacksonian Democracy
Universal suffrage
Second National Bank
Temperance movement
Abolitionist movement
Women’s rights movement
Essential Questions
Describe the effects of the War of 1812. What was the Tail of Tears?
What impact did cotton have on western settlement? Describe Henry clay’s “American system”. What was Andrew Jackson’s view concerning suffrage? What was the Second-Great Awakening?
3.1 Territorial Expansion
With the victory over the French in the French
and Indian War, Britain took possession of the
Northeast Territory.
Following the American Revolution, Congress
passed the Northwest Ordinance which divided
the area into even smaller territories.
It also provided guidelines under which new
states could be admitted.
Under the ordinance, slavery was not permitted
in the new territories.
Once in office, President Jefferson wanted
to secure the U.S. trading on the
Mississippi River.
He sent representatives to France to
negotiate the purchase of New Orleans.
Napoleon was not interested, however
when Britain resumed its war with France
the French emperor surprised Jefferson by
offering to sell not only New Orleans but
the entire Louisiana region.
The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 was the
U.S. largest land purchase.
It roughly doubled the size of the country.
The Louisiana Purchase
President Jefferson chose Meriwether
Lewis to find a water route to the Pacific
Ocean.
Lewis chose William Clark to help him
lead the expedition.
They departed from St. Louis in May of
1804 and reached the Pacific Northwest
coast in November of 1805.
They returned to St. Louis in September of
1806 with valuable information about the
Oregon and Louisiana territories.
This exploration led to the rapid migration
of settlers to the Pacific Northwest.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
As U.S. settlers attempted to move west,
they often confronted Native Americans
who resisted them.
Many settlers blamed the British for
wanting to protect their own interest.
They also felt threatened by the British
presence in Canada.
This combined with the British navy’s
policy of impressing U.S. sailors meant
that many in the U.S. wanted war.
On June 18, 1812, congress declared war
on Great Britain.
The War of 1812
The War of 1812 began with many in the U.S. hoping
to win land from the British in Canada and the
Spanish in Florida.
The British invaded and burned Washington DC in
august of 1814.
The U.S. won an inspiring victory at Fort McHenry
shortly after the DC burning.
The bravery of the U.S. soldiers inspired Francis
Scott Key to write the initial draft of the Star
Spangled Banner.
U.S. commander Andrew Jackson won major
victories at Horseshoe Bend and at New Orleans.
The U.S. won the war and signed the Treaty of Ghent
but it did not grant any official land to the U.S., but it
did keep the Mississippi river and the frontier open.
The War of 1812 cont.
The War of 1812 led to a rise in U.S. nationalism.
U.S. manufacturers proved capable of supplying the country with goods and this boosted
the morale and the economy.
Nationalism
The Monroe Doctrine With the end of the War of 1812 and the federalist party, the U.S. entered a period of
national pride and political unity known as the Era of Good Feelings.
President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.
The Monroe Doctrine stated that the U.S. would not tolerate European intervention in the
affairs of any independent nation in the Americas.
He also made it clear the U.S. was no longer open to any European colonization and any
future attempts would be considered an act of war.
During the middle of the 19th century or the 1800s , many wanted to add to the U.S.
territory.
Many leaders and citizens believed it was the country’s destiny to expand and possess
territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
Those who shared this conviction referred to it as “Manifest Destiny”.