Chapter 1.ppt 1

SOC 3880 – Criminal Justice,

Marjie T. Britz, [email protected]

Criminal Justice

CHAPTER 1PERSPECTIV

ES ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE

mailto:[email protected]

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved


1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Summarize the impacts of mass media and politics on people's perspectives on crime.

Summarize the effects of fear of victimization.

Summarize criminology and the study of criminal justice.

Summarize major events that led to changes in the American criminal justice system.

Describe the public order (crime control) and individual rights (due process) perspectives of criminal justice

and how the criminal justice system balances the two.

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES



1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

Describe the structure of the criminal justice system.

Outline the fundamentals of the criminal justice process.

Define terms related to the criminal justice system.

Explain the concept of victimless crimes.

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES



Summarize the impacts of mass media and politics on people's perspectives on crime.

Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

1.1


Media Perspectives on Crime1.1

Gallup poll on crime Criminologi

sts

5


The Political Perspective of Crime1.1

6


1.1 The Political Perspective of Crime

7



Summarize the effects of fear of victimization.


1.2


1.2

Fear of death due to

homicide is related to the

lack ofcontrol an

individual has over

homicide

Citizens rank feeling safe

fromcrime ahead

of job satisfaction,

financial security, and

health

Fear of crime leads

many people to give up activitiesthat they

would normally

undertake

High levels of fear can

turn otherwise

law-abiding citizens

into outlaws

9

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved1

0

Perspectives of Fear of Crime1.2


1.2

Vigilantism Scapegoating

11



Summarize criminology and the study of criminal justice.


1.3


1.3

There is no society that has not reported problems with crime and with what to do with offenders, but there is considerable variation among crime rates in different societies.

The Universality of Crime

13


Crimes Criminal Law

1.3

Criminology

14


Types of Crimes1.3

Felonies Misdemeanorsvs.

15


Crime and Behavior1.3

Criminalization

Decriminalizationvs.

16



Summarize major events that led to changes in the American criminal justice system.


1.4


Origins of the Criminal Justice System1.4

Justice in the Colonial Period

The Evolution of

Due Process

18

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved19

1.4

1960s and 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s



Describe the public order (crime control) and individual rights (due process) perspectives of criminal justice and how the criminal justice system balances the two.


1.5



Herbert L. Packer Identified Two Models in 1968— The Crime Control and Due Process Models

Crime ControlDue Process

1.5



Describe the structure of the criminal justice system.


1.6


Police

CourtsCorrections

23

1.6

Criminal Justice System Structure


The Court System1.6

Federal State

24


The Court System1.6

Limited

GeneralAppellate

25



Outline the fundamentals of the criminal justice process.


1.7


Arraignment Trial CorrectionsSentencing

27

1.7

Information/Indictment

First AppearanceBooking Preliminary

Hearing

Criminal Justice Process


The Criminal Justice Filter1.7

28



Define terms related to the criminal justice system.


1.8



Explain the concept of victimless crimes.


1.9


1.9

Offenses in which the "offender"and the "victim" are the sameindividual or in which the behavior is consensual.

Victimless Crimes

31



1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Much of what we know about crime is shaped by atypical sensational incidents, because our perceptions of crime and its victims are based largely on media portrayals. Most of us lack personal experience with serious crime. Serious crime is

relatively rare, so most people's experience with crime is largely petty thefts and burglaries. These experiences do not

produce the fear and anxiety that hate crimes, murders, rapes, or other serious crimes create.

Fear of crime leads many people to give up activities that they would normally undertake, especially activities at night. High

levels of fear can turn otherwise law-abiding citizens into outlaws.

The management of police, courts, and corrections, and the study of the causes of and treatment for crime.

The history of U.S. criminal law is a history of change. Some acts that were once against the law later became lawful (e.g., profanity, sale of alcoholic beverages after Prohibition). Other

acts that were once lawful later became illegal (e.g., possession of slaves, sale of alcoholic beverages during

Prohibition).

CHAPTER SUMMARY



1.5According to the crime control model, repression of criminal

conduct is the most important function of the criminal justice system. In contrast, the due process model treats the

preservation of individual liberties as the most important function of the criminal justice system.

The U.S. Criminal Justice system is made up of more than 19,000 police departments, 17,000 courts, and 6,000

correctional facilities centered largely in local government. These agencies have in common criminal law and criminal procedure, which specify the types of acts over which the system has jurisdiction and the precise way that individual

cases are to be handled.It is useful to think of the criminal justice process as a filter. The law, police, courts, and corrections each capture their share of law violators. The law itself casts the widest filter,

reflecting the large number of behaviors that are illegal. The police arrest some law violators, depending on priorities,

resources, public policies, and other factors.

See 'Key Terms' on page 24.

Victimless crimes are offenses in which the "offender" and the "victim" are the same individual or in which the behavior is

consensual.

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

CHAPTER SUMMARY