• Chapter 17 - The Urinary System • Urinary system - fnc. producing & excreting urine • Essential function in maintaining homeostasis & survival: – body fluid volumes – levels of chemicals (electrolytes) – normal composition of blood (clean waste products - if not > uremia uremic poisoning )
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Chapter 17 - The Urinary System Urinary system - fnc. producing & excreting urine Essential function in maintaining homeostasis & survival: –body fluid.
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• Chapter 17 - The Urinary System
• Urinary system - fnc. producing & excreting urine
• Essential function in maintaining homeostasis & survival:
– body fluid volumes
– levels of chemicals (electrolytes)
– normal composition of blood (clean waste products - if not > uremia uremic poisoning )
• Kidneys - two
• Location - posterior back, above waist
– R little lower than L
– Under muscles of back -
& retroperitoneal
– Cushion of fat - place
• Renal arteries - large
– 20% total blood vol/min
– High blood flow & normal B/P essential for urine formation
• Internal Structure of the Kidneys -
– Cortex - Outer layer
– Medulla - Inner port.
– Pyramids - Triangular divisions of medulla
– Papilla - narrow, end of a pyramid
– Pelvis - Expansion of upper end of ureter
– Calyx - Divisions in renal pelvis where the papilla open into
– Changes in appearance or characteristics of urine may indicate disease process
– Characteristics of urine provide general indicators of the composition of urine -
• Color - Turbidity (cloudiness)
• Odor - Specific Gravity (density)
– Char. may indicate “something” is wrong, BUT will not provide detailed information
• Chemical Analysis -
– Information about:
• pH - urea concentration
• Presence: glucose, acetone, albumin, bile
– Urine specimen - spun in a centrifuge and suspended particles are forced to the bottom of the tube (microscope - look for abnormal cells & other particles (casts))
– Usually ordered in addition to routine urinalysis (microscopic)
• Urinary Bladder -
• Lies in pelvis behind pubic symphysis
• If full - projects upward into the lower abdominal cavity
• Renal colic - pain associated w/ urinary tract
– Elastic fibers &
involuntary muscle fibers in walls - expands - contracts