Chapter 17 Revolution and Enlightenment 17 WH notes.pdf · Chapter 17 Revolution and Enlightenment ... Middle Age medicine relied on findings of Galen, ... BW #5 (4/16/14)

5/8/2015

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Chapter 17Revolution and Enlightenment

FLASH CARDS!

There are a lot of people in chapter 17. In

order to get a better jump on learning who they are and what they have done, you are

going to make flash cards.

ONE SIDE - the person’s name (normally just the last name is fine to know)

ONE SIDE - what they did and a picture to

help you remember.

Ptolemy Descartes

Copernicus BaconKepler Locke

Galileo Montesquieu

Newton VoltaireVesalius Diderot

Harvey Smith

BoyleRousseau

Lavoisier

WollstonecraftCavendish Welsley

Winkleman

SWBAT

-explain how the ideas of Scientific Rev &

the Enlightenment laid the foundations

for our modern views of rationalism and secularism

- identify how the Enlightenment thought

led some rulers to advocate natural

rights as equality before the law and freedom of religion

- identify what theories & movements lead to the formation of the American

Rev

Section 1 – Scientific Revolution

- scientists in middle ages used ancient

authorities (ex: Aristotle) for scientific knowledge

●Why did they change?

1) Learned Greek & started learning about Ptolemy, Archimedes, Plato

2) New technology led to new issues

ex: how much cargo could a ship

hold?

-telescopes, microscopes; printing press spread the word

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- Match the name of the person and what they did beside them...

- Everything is used ONCE…- Turn it over when you are done and wait for everyone else to be

done...

FAMOUS PEOPLE REVIEW!

(BW #1, 3/26/14)

Ptolemy Newton LavoisierBoyle

Copernicus Vesalius Cavendish GallileoKepler Harvey WinklemanA) named chemical elementsB) universal law of gravitationC) female astronomerD) volume of gas varies w/pressureE) geocentric universe

F) heliocentric universeG) critical of humans controlling natureH) observed terrain of planetsI) heart circulates blood/blood travels through bodyJ) dissected humans to find how body worksK) laws of planetary motion

●Astronomy research was very important● Ptolemy (2nd C. AD) developed Ptolemaic

view of universe; geocentric b/c earth was at middle

● Planets are in

Spheres & spin

w/in the spheres

● Earth DOES

NOT move

● God at end of

universe

Get ready for the…

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION!!!!!!!!!!

(@3:54)

Copernicus said this was too

complicated

●Proposed heliocentric universe

● Earth not at center

● Planets revolve &

Rotate around the

Sun

● Moon goes

Around the earth

●Kepler, a mathematician

●Made laws of planetary motion

● Sun at center, planets traveled in ellipses

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Galileo

●Used a telescope to see the terrain of

the planet

●Observed planets

were made of

material, not orbs

●Church ordered

him to stop b/c it

contradicted the

bible

Sir Isaac Newton

●Wrote Principia, which contained the three laws of motion

●Universal law of

gravitation – every

object in the universe is

attracted to every other

object by gravity

●Universe now seen as

●a “machine” that worked

●according to natural laws

●Middle Age medicine relied on findings

of Galen, who dissected animals; most findings were wrong

Vesalius – 1543, On Fabric of the Human

Body; based on

dissecting human bodies

● Still clung to WRONG

assumption that two kinds

of blood flowed in the body

- Match the person with their

thing…

- Everything is used ONCE…

- Turn it over when you are

done and wait for everyone

else to be done...

FAMOUS PEOPLE REVIEW!

(BW #2, 3/27/14)

Descartes Voltaire RousseauWesley

Bacon Diderot WollstonecraftLocke Smith Montesquieu

A) believed in deismB) founded MethodismC) tabula rasaD) said, “I think, therefore I am.”

F) three basic kinds of governmentG) demeaning women, like tyrannical monarch, was wrongH) in religion, attacked superstitions/supported tolerationI) created scientific methodJ) founder of modern economicsK) believed people wanted govt to protect them/govt must obey

Harvey (@5)

●Wrote In the Motion of the Heart and

Blood

●Observed experiments

● Heart started circulation

● Same blood flows in both

veins through entire body

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Boyle

●First to conduct controlled experiments

●Boyle’s Law – volume of a

gas varies w/the pressure

exerted on it

Lavoisier

●System for naming

chemical elements

●Women contributed to science,

most were overlooked

Cavendish

●Critical that humans could

control nature

Winkelmann

●Trained by an amateur, married

a famous astronomer

●Identified a comet; applied

for a job after husband died & was denied

●Scientific revolution influenced view of

humankind

Descartes

●Discourse on Method, “I think, therefore I am”

●Mind and matter are completely separate; scientists could view matter

●Reason is the chief source of knowledge

●Bacon

●Philosopher; believed people should

used inductive reasoning to learn about nature, not ancient authorities works

●Wanted to better mankind, not just one

discipline

●Created the scientific method, a system

for collecting & analyzing evidence

Section 2 – The Enlightenment

BW #3 – Look up and write a brief

description about each of the major ideas of the Enlightenment. Include people,

dates, major works, etc.

*Reason *laissez-faire

*Deism *natural law

*Religion tolerance *social contract

*Separation of powers *progress

What makes a rule or law reasonable?

BW #4 (4/3/14)

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●REASON was a favorite word during this time!

Locke

●Essay Concerning

Human

Understanding

●Tabula rasa –

blank slate; people

were molded by their

experiences

Philosophe – philosophers

●Were often writers, economists,

reformers

●Most were French

●Wanted to change the world using

REASON

●Each generation became more radical

Montesque

●The Spirit of Laws – what natural laws

govern politics and society?

●Found 3 basic kinds of governments:

●1) republics (small states)

●2) despots (large states)

●3) monarchies (medium) – GB

●Said GB had 3 branches: executives,

legislative, judicial & had separation of powers

Voltaire

●Known as a critic of Christianity and

belief in religious toleration

●Believed in deism – belief that God created the universe

Diderot

●Encyclopedia, or

Classified Dictionary

of The Sciences, Arts,

and Trades

(28 volumes!)

●Attacked religious

superstition and

supported toleration;

wanted social, political,

and legal improvements

●Looking for the natural laws of life led to the social sciences!

ECONOMICS

Adam Smith, founder

●If ppl could pursue economic self-interest, all would benefit; govt should stay out – laissez-faire

●Wealth of Nations; govt should do 3 things: protect country (army), defend citizens (police), and keep up public works (roads, bridges, etc.)

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Rousseau

●Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind

● Ppl had laws & govt to preserve their property

●The Social Contract● Society agrees to be governed & must obey

certain will & laws; liberty is achieved by following what is good for most people

●Emile

●Education should foster natural instincts

●Believed education should foster natural instincts

Rights of Women

●Thinking changed a little, women became

more vocal

Mary Wollstonecraft

●A Vindication of the Rights of Women

●Argued that, like monarchs

ruling over subject was wrong,

demeaning women was wrong

●Said Enlightenment was for

ALL

●Enlightenment ideas were spread

through:

1) Books – in France, 300 published in 1750; 1600 in 1780

2) Magazines became fashionable

3) Salons – elegant drawing rooms (like a living room)

● Guests would come

in and talk about new

ideas

● Often hosted by

● women!

Religion in the Enlightenment

●Most were Christians, although Christianity was often attacked

●New protestant movement

Methodists● John Wesley; appealed to

lower class

● Many converted & gave

lower class a purpose &

community

● Stressed hard work &

● behaviors that led to

● contentment

BW #5 (4/16/14)

Describe the characteristics of an absolute ruler. How do you think these

would help you as a ruler? What do you

think about these characteristics as a subject?

17-3 = The Impact of the

Enlightenment

ART - secular & spiritual designs were

combined; rich detailexample: Church of the Fourteen Saints,

GER

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-Rococco emerged; emphasis on grace,

charm, gentle action;

graceful

curves; very secular;

enchantment

& enthusiasmex: work of

Antoine

Watteau

ex: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

MUSIC

•Bach – Toccata and Fugue in D minor

•Handel – Messiah

•Haydn –The Seasons

•Mozart - Mozart Serenade No 10 In B Flat Major K 361 III Adagio

ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM

-philosophes believed in freedoms, but believed those freedoms needed to be

protected by enlightened rulers who would:

-allow religious freedom-freedom of speech & press

-rights of private property

-nurture arts, science, eduation-must obey the law & enforce them

fairly

Were rulers enlightened?????????

BW #6 (4/21/14)

I will divide you into small groups and each group will take one of the following sections:

PrussiaAustria

Russia

On the smart board, you will list the reasons you think your ruler WAS or WAS NOT

enlightened. You will also add this as BW,

so write down what you have! You have 10 minutes...GO!

War of Austrian Succession

-1740-1748-In Europe, Far East, AND North America

-ended w/a treaty that put almost everything

back!

Seven Years War

-1756-63 (+ 2 more w/FR/IN war...)-GB-v-FR over colonies

-Europe, North America, India

-Treaty of Paris; GB won a lot of land

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BW #7 (4/21/14):

Why do you think there were

two very wide spread wars

towards the end of the

Enlightenment period?

Works Sited●World History Text Book

●http://wouts.wikispaces.com/Renaissance+Telescope

●http://birthstory.net/2010/11/

●http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/basics/g37/

●http://journosdiary.wordpress.com/

●http://9gag.com/gag/5333761

●http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/vesalius?before=84

●http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harvey

●http://quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/photos/3257/

●http://www.crystalinks.com/boyle.html

●http://www.digischool.nl/kleioscoop/lavoisier.htm

●http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/margaret%20cavendish

●http://www.timerime.com/en/event/1545269/Maria+Winkelmann/

●http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-15455/Rene-Descartes-lithograph-19th-century

●http://book.filipinofutures.com/liberalism/two-separations-john-locke

●http://www.ibtimes.com/banned-books-top-10-quotes-552776

●http://imgur.com/OGO46

●http://imgur.com/g8Uz8

●http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft

●http://humanexperience.stanford.edu/supere

●http://www.jdgreear.com/my_weblog/2013/01/wisdom-for-your-weekend-11113.html/john-wesleys-heart-strangely-warmed