Chapter 13- Urbanization and Urban Patterns

CHAPTER 13- URBANIZATION AND URBAN PATTERNS

URBANIZATION PUSH AND PULL

MDCS AND LDCS MDCs

Industrial Revolution (Rural to Urban) began in 1800s

Are MDCs fully urbanized? LDCs

8 of 10 most populous cities in LDC Issue- unlike MDCs lack of jobs in LDCs Leads to issues

MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area

US Cities Percent Change Map Percent Change

MODELS OF DEVELOPMENT See Handout

PRE-COLONIAL CITIES Laid out with a religious center-

mosque, cathedral, etc Marketplace close to center Govt buildings and wealthy homes

surround marketplace Lower status outside that and recent

migrants on outer ring

PRE-COLONIAL CITY

COLONIAL CITIES European powers colonized Africa, Asia

and Latin America Built new cities near the old cities

(sometimes they tore the old city down) European districts had

Wider streets, public squares, larger houses surrounded by gardens, much less density

Compared to narrow, winding streets, little open space and cramped conditions

CITIES SINCE INDEPENDENCE Wealthy people push out in elite

residential sector Contains amenities for wealthy (shops,etc)

Example- Rio de Janeiro Wealthy live in center city and south of city Low income is in north suburbs

SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS Known by many names- barrios,

favelas, bustees, kampongs Grow because cities have housing

shortage and can’t keep up with growth Few services One central well for water and central

bathrooms Lack schools, paved roads, telephones,

sewers Make-shift shelters

INNER CITY PROBLEMS Filtering

Divide larger homes for low-income families Redlining

Draw lines to identify areas to refuse to loan money to buy a house

Urban Renewal Cities locate inner-city neighborhoods, buy

the property, relocate the residents and rebuild the area

INNER CITY PROBLEMS CONT Public Housing

Low-income housing (pay 30% of income for rent)

High percentage in inner-city neighborhoods

Gentrification Middle-class people move into inner-city

neighborhoods and renovate the housing

INNER CITY SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

Underclass- unending cycle of social and economic problems

Lack of Job Skills- technical skills in an industrialized economy

Homeless Crime- higher, drug addictions, etc Segregation- Still Exist???? Economic

Segregation?????

SUBURBAN PROBLEMS Peripheral Model

Urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by ring road

SUBURBAN PROBLEMS CONT Edge Cities- start out as suburbs then

become nodes (centers) Density Gradient- number of houses

per unit of land decreases as distance from city center increases

Sprawl- spread of development over landscape Extend roads and utilities Wastes land

SUBURBAN PROBLEMS CONT. Greenbelts- rings of open space Suburban Segregation

Residents separated from commercial and manufacturing areas

Housing segregated by cost, size, location, etc Zoning Ordinances

Spatial separation- residential, commercial, industrial to prevent mixed land use

Transportation Issues Motor Vehicles- rush hour commuting Public Transportation- rapid transit Service vs. Cost- are projects worth it????